List of Articles

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  1 - Investigation Growth Indices Analysis and Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) Crop Production Affected Different Level of Nitrogen and Nitroxin Bio-Fertilizer
  Armaghan Charkhab Mani Mojaddam
  BACKGROUND: Bio-fertilizers being essential components of organic farming playvital role in maintaining long term soil fertility and sustainability.OBJECTIVES: Study yield and growth indices of sorghum in response to consumechemical fertilizer and Nitroxin bio-fertilize More

  BACKGROUND: Bio-fertilizers being essential components of organic farming playvital role in maintaining long term soil fertility and sustainability.OBJECTIVES: Study yield and growth indices of sorghum in response to consumechemical fertilizer and Nitroxin bio-fertilizer.METHODS: This research was conducted via split plot experiment based on completelyrandomized block design with three replications in research field of Ahvaz IslamicAzad University. Pure nitrogen from urea source was used as the main plot infour levels (0, 50, 100, 150 kg.ha-1) and Nitroxin bio-fertilizer was used as sub plot intwo levels (lack of use of bio-fertilizer and use of 1 L.ha-1 Nitroxin per 200 kg seeds).RESULT: According result of analysis of variance effect of different level of nitrogenand Nitroxin on seed yield, biologic yield and harvest index was significant at 1%probability level but interaction effect of treatments on harvest index was not significant.Assessment mean comparison of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer indicatedthat the highest seed yield (341 g.m-2), biologic yield (1218 g.m-2) and harvest index(28%) belonged to the treatment with consumption of 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen and thelowest amount of seed yield (200 g.m-2) biologic yield (1045 g.m-2) and harvest index(20%) was for non-consumption of nitrogen (control). Use 1 L.ha-1 Nitroxin led toachieve highest seed yield (324 g.m-2), biologic yield (1185 g.m-2) and harvest index(27%) compare to control treatment. The highest leaf area index was obtained in theapplication of bio-fertilizer compared to non-consumption (4.5), and the non-use ofbiological fertilizer with a maximum leaf index was 3.8. Net assimilation rate in theuse of biological fertilizer at 25 days after planting the equivalent of 10 gr.m-2 per daystarted and in the 47 days after planting, it was 6.3. The non-use of biological fertilizerbegan at 8.1 after 25 days after planting and reached 6.1 in 47 days after planting.CONCLUSION: So finally consume 150 kg.ha-1 chemical nitrogen fertilizer with 1L.ha-1 Nitroxin bio-fertilizer advised for farmers. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Determination Effect of Mycorrhiza and Vermicompost on Accumulation of Seed Nutrient Elements in Maize ( Zea mays L.) Affected by Chemical Fertilizer
  Hadis Karami Abbas Maleki Amin Fathi
  BACKGROUND: Nutrient management is one of the most important factors that affect the growth and production of maize. OBJECTIVES: Current research was conducted to investigate the effect of Mycorrhizas and vermicompost on seed yield, its components and quantities traits More

  BACKGROUND: Nutrient management is one of the most important factors that affect the growth and production of maize. OBJECTIVES: Current research was conducted to investigate the effect of Mycorrhizas and vermicompost on seed yield, its components and quantities traits such as concentration of protein, starch, zinc, potassium and nitrogen of corn seed. METHODS: Current research was conducted via split split-plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2016-2017. Main plot included of chemical fertilizer at four level (Control, 33, 66 and 100%) also vermicompost at tow level (nonuse and use of vermicompost) belonged to subplot and mycorrhiza (nonuse and use of mycorrhiza) as a sub-subplot. RESULT: Interaction effect of chemical fertilizer × vermicompost × mycorrhiza had a significant effect on zinc, nitrogen, potassium, starch and protein content. The highest seed yield and its components were obtained from interaction effects of 66% chemical fertilizer × vermicompost × mycorrhiza and the lowest one was for 33% chemical fertilizer × nonuse of vermicompost × nonuse of mycorrhiza, respectively. The highest zinc, nitrogen, potassium, starch, and protein in seed were obtained from interaction effects of 66% chemical fertilizer × vermicompost × mycorrhiza and the least yield and its components obtained from in 33% chemical fertilizer × without of using of vermicompost × nonuse of mycorrhiza, respectively. Vermicompost and mycorrhiza had a positive affect on seed yield and seed quality and seed nutrients had a better status in presence of vermicompost and mycorrhiza. Use of vermicompost and mycorrhiza with fertilizer levels significantly increased nutrient elements uptake, due to the added supply of nutrient and well-developed root system resulting in better absorption of water and nutrient. CONCLUSION: The combined application of mycorrhiza and vermicompost fungi increased yield, its components and increases the absorption of food by the root and ultimately improves growth and nutrient transfer to seed. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Response of Seed Yield, Its Components and Leaf Area Index of Spring Corn to Consume Vermicompost and Iron Nano fertilizer
  Najmeh Razmandeh Saeed Zakernejad Khoshnaz Payandeh
  BACKGROUND: Organic farming has emerged as important priority area globally in view of growing demand for safe and healthy food and long term sustainability and concerns on environmental pollution associated with indiscriminate use of agrochemicals. Nano fertilizers can More

  BACKGROUND: Organic farming has emerged as important priority area globally in view of growing demand for safe and healthy food and long term sustainability and concerns on environmental pollution associated with indiscriminate use of agrochemicals. Nano fertilizers can be easily absorbed by crops and may exhibit a prolonged effective duration of nutrient supply in soil/crop compared to the conventional fertilizers. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate effect of different level of vermicompost and Nano iron fertilizer on seed yield, its components and leaf area index. METHODS: Current research was carried out via split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications along 2018 year Main plot included three level of vermicompost (V0: nonuse of vermicompost or control, V1: 5 t.ha-1 vermicompost, V2: 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost) was consumed at planting stage. Also subplots consisted four level of Nano iron fertilizer (F0: Nonuse of Nano iron fertilizer or control, F1: 0.002 L.ha-1, F2: 0.004 L.ha-1 and F3: 0.006 L.ha-1 Nano iron fertilizer) was used at 3 to 4 leaves stage. RESULT: According result of analysis of variance effect of different level of vermicompost and Nano iron fertilizer on all measured traits was significant at 1% probability level also interaction effect of treatments (instead biologic yield) was significant at 5% probability level. Mean comparison result of interaction effect of treatments indicated the maximum amount of number of rows per ear (20), number of seed per row (49), 1000 seeds weight (545 gr), seed yield (6000 gr.m-2), biological yield (1939 gr.m-2), harvest index (30%) and leaf area index (5.81) belonged to 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost with 0.006 L.ha-1 iron Nano fertilizer, also lowest amount of measured traits was for nonuse of vermicompost and iron Nano fertilizer or control treatments. CONCLUSION: Consume 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost with 0.006 L.ha-1 iron Nano fertilizer led to achieve highest amount of yield, its components, harvest index and leaf area index and can be advice to farmers. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Evaluation of Microbial Biomass and Soil Carbon as Well as Weed Parameters on Potato Production Affected Different Weed Management
  Afshar Azadbakht Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim Hamid Reza Mohammadduost Chamanabad Akbar Ghavidel
  BACKGROUND: Application of plant mulches plays a significant role in development and expansion of sustainable farming systems. OBJECTIVES: Assessment effect of chemical and non-chemical weeds management methods on weeds density and biomass and the properties of soil, i More

  BACKGROUND: Application of plant mulches plays a significant role in development and expansion of sustainable farming systems. OBJECTIVES: Assessment effect of chemical and non-chemical weeds management methods on weeds density and biomass and the properties of soil, including microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) in potato cultivation. METHODS: Research was conducted in 2015 in two agricultural research stations of Alarogh and Samian in Ardabil city according randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included: 1) Trifluralin herbicide (TR), 2) Metribuzin herbicide (ME), 3) cultivator practice (CU), 4) wheat straw mulch (WH), 5) canola straw mulch (CA), 6) black plastic mulch (BPL), 7) transparent plastic mulch (TPL), 8) weed infested (WI), and 9) weed free (WF). Soil sampling was conducted at three stages. The first stage included control index sampling (CIS). The second and third soil sampling performed at 25 and 45 day after the treatment application. RESULT: All treatments were affected by weed management methods (P≤ 0.01). The lowest density of weeds was related to the WH. Most weeds density was counted as 99.1 plants.m-2 of WI treatment. The WH deceased weeds density as 84% compared to weed infested. CA treatment deceased weeds density as 79% compared to WI treatment. Though, weed biomass in the treatments of transparent and BPL compared to the WI treatment had the highest weeds biomass as 48 and 40%, respectively. The lowest weed biomass was observed in CA and WH by 16 and 18% after the WI. CONCLUSION: The highest rate of MBC observed in WH and CA treatments at the second and the third soil sampling stages, respectively, compared with other experimental treatments. WH and CA increased the rate of MBC in the second and the third sampling stages in comparison with CIS. The highest SOC was observed in WH and CA at the second and the third soil sampling stages. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Assessment Production of Natural Reactive Oxygen Species Affected on Dormancy Alleviation, Germination and Antioxidant System in Sunflower Seeds
  Mahdi Shaaban Esfandiar Hassani Moghaddam Ezatollah Nabati Zahra Rahmati Motlagh
  BACKGROUND: The active oxygen species, despite the damaging effects they have useful roles in the body are living things. OBJECTIVES: This research was done to determine whether Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) could mediate Cyanide and Methylviologen signal in seed dorman More

  BACKGROUND: The active oxygen species, despite the damaging effects they have useful roles in the body are living things. OBJECTIVES: This research was done to determine whether Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) could mediate Cyanide and Methylviologen signal in seed dormancy alleviation and sunflower seed germination, more widely, to assess their putative role in the control of seed germination and antioxidant system. METHODS: The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with four replications. The treatment consisted non-dormant seed, dormant seeds, dormant seeds treated with Methylviologen (producing reactive oxygen species) and dormant seeds treated with hydrogen Cyanide (gas producing reactive oxygen species). For germination test 25 seed take in 9cm petridishes on filter paper. For biochemical assay seeds were imbibed for 24h and therefore Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and four antioxidant enzymes such as Catalase (CAT), Proxidase (POX), Ascorbat proxidase (APX) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) ware measured. RESULT: Maximum seed germination was recorded at non-dormant seeds and minimum of it was measured at dormant seeds. Lowest H2O2 and MDA production and lowest APX activity was recorded at dormant seeds. However, highest three detoxified enzymes activities such as CAT, POX and SOD was founded at dormant seeds. This enzyme activity was coinciding with lowest ROS production such as H2O2 and MDA production. ROS production as resources such as Cyanide and Methylviologen play a key role in the control of sunflower dormancy alleviation and seed germination. CONCLUSION: Main reason for seeds dormancy alleviation is production of ROS is acceptable level so germination of dormant seeds which was treated with Methylviologen and Cyanide was more than dormant control seeds and was similar to non-dormant seeds. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Deterrent Effects of Alstonia boonei Oil on Oviposition and Progeny Development of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) [Coleoptera: Bruchidae].
  Kayode Ileke
  BACKGROUND: Botanicals insecticides has remained the major weapons amongst tropical zones farmers to combat hexapods infestation of stored cowpea seeds in lieu of expensive synthetic chemical insecticides that have toxic effects on our environment. OBJECTIVES: Deterren More

  BACKGROUND: Botanicals insecticides has remained the major weapons amongst tropical zones farmers to combat hexapods infestation of stored cowpea seeds in lieu of expensive synthetic chemical insecticides that have toxic effects on our environment. OBJECTIVES: Deterrence of cowpea bruchid oviposition and emergence on seeds treated with Cheese wood, Alstonia boonei stem bark oil extracted with different solvents was evaluated in dual- and multiple-choice laboratory tests at 28+2oC and 75+5% relative humidity. METHODS: Four rates of oil (1%, 2%, 3% and 4%) or the solvents and an untreated control treatment were replicated four times in Complete Randomized Design. RESULT: The results of the dual-choice test shows that cowpea bruchid laid fewer eggs on cowpea seeds treated with petroleum ether and n–hexane oils of A. boonei stem bark oil compared to the other solvent treated seeds and untreated seeds. The numbers of eggs laid on cowpea seeds treated with 1.0 % oil extracted with methanol, ethanol, acetone, petroleum ether and n-hexane were 3.75 3.00 6.25, 2.25 and 2.00 respectively while the corresponding values for solvents-treated seeds were 9.00, 11.50, 12.50, 6.75 and 4.25, respectively. Generally, oviposition decreased as the concentration (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%) of the oils increased. The results of the multiple choice test shows that untreated cowpea seeds had significantly higher number of eggs than treated seeds. Among the latter, those treated with n– hexane had least numbers of eggs. The numbers of eggs laid on cowpea seeds treated with 2% oil extracted with methanol, ethanol, acetone, petroleum ether and n-hexane were 3.25, 4.00, 7.00, 2.00 and 1.50, respectively. The number of egg laid decreased as the concentration (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%) of the oils increased. Methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether and n-hexane extracts completely inhibited the progeny development of C. maculatus in dual and multiple choice tests. CONCLUSION: A. boonei stem barkoil can control cowpea bruchid infestation on stored cowpea by deterring oviposition and suppressing development. Manuscript profile