Occupational Exposure to Metal Working Fluids and Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Zahra Moradpour ¹ , Mahdi Jalali ² , Sajjad Farhadi ³ , Masoomeh Vahabi Shekarloo ⁴ , Seyed Alireza Mosavi Jarrahi ⁵ , Zahra Sedaghat ⁶ , Mohammad Reza Taherian ⁷ , Ghasem Hesam ⁸

1 - Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
2 - Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
3 - Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
4 - Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
5 - School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
6 - Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
7 - Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
8 - Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran

Received: 2022-09-10 Accepted : 2024-08-07 Published : 2024-09-24

Keywords: Metalworking fluids, Bladder cancer, Review, SMR,

Abstract :

Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are complex compounds of oils and chemical additives widely used to cool and lubricate metal machining operations. When sprayed, MWF produces concentrations up to twice the allowable level of US ambient air pollution standards. The study was designed to assess possible relationships between occupational exposure to MWFs and the risk of bladder cancer. Literature entered the study was published from February 2000 to 2021 and provides information on exposure to metalworking fluids and the risk of bladder cancer. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences from 2000 to 2021. The following subject and keywords were used in the search: “bladder cancer” and “metalworking fluids”. Out of 8 studies, 4 were case-control and 4 were cohort and all of them had high NOS scores. The strong exposure-response relationship between bladder cancer and metalworking fluids reinforces the evidence for MWFs as a bladder carcinogen. The literature review in this study also shows that smoking can increase the risk of bladder cancer due to exposure to metalworking fluids.

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