Honey Safety Hazards and Public Health

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Razzagh Mahmoudi ¹ , Ameneh Ghojoghi ² , Peyman Ghajarbeygi ³

1 - Health Products Safety Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
2 - Department of Food Hygiene & Aquatics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3 - Health Products Safety Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran

Received: 2016-09-17 Accepted : 2018-10-29 Published : 2016-09-17

Keywords: Honey, hazards, Adulteration, Methods, Chemical contamination,

Abstract :

Honey is the oldest natural food produced by honeybee and comprises wide variety of valuable ingredients including carbohydrate, proteins, minerals, vitamins, organic acids, polyphenols and flavonoids that contribute to well-known therapeutic properties. This review provide available scientific information on different ways of honey adulteration and chemical contamination with the certain focus on the variety of methods for analyzing the residue levels in honey samples. For data collection, different scientific databases including Science Direct, Springer, PubMed and Magiran were searched. Honey such as other food products at risked to various types of contaminations and adulterations. Microbial and chemical hazards have been reported in various honey samples all over the world. Therefore, its use without knowing the source and its safety may be significant health risks. Honey labeling according to qualitative analysis is very necessary confirmed that health care. Health officials in all countries have to introduce firm regulation and laws that control and regulate honey production, handling, and analysis to ascertain its safety. Obviously, investigation of sensitivity of methods in order to detect the chemical residue levels for preventing the disruptive impacts on consumer’s health is momentous and all reasonable efforts should be taken for having adequate control over honey production and standardizing the maximum residue levels of chemicals to minimize possible contaminations.

References:

1. Rahman M., Gan S.H., Khalil Md.I, 2014. Neurological Effects of Honey: Current and Future Prospects. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 958721.
2. Mahmoudi R., Pakbin B., 2015. An Overview of the Hazards and Management Strategies for Antibiotic Residue in Honey. Int J Food Nutr Saf. 6(3), 1-9.
3. Oskouei T.E, Najafi M., 2012. Traditional and Modern Uses of Natural Honey in Human Diseases. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 16(6),1-9
4. Mahmoudi R., Norian R, Pajohi-Alamotic M., 2014. Antibiotic Residues in Iranian Honey by Elisa. Int J Food Proper. 17, 2367ââ‚‌“2373.
5. Mehryar L., Esmaiili M., 2011. Honey & Honey Adulteration Detection. 11th International Congress on Engineering and Food (ICEF) Athens, Greece. http://icef11.org/content/papers/nfp/NFP1066.pdf
6. Cortés M.E., Vigil P., Montenegro G., 2011. The medicinal value of honey a review on its benefits to human health, with a special focus on its effects on glycemic regulation. Cien Inv Agr. 38(2), 303-317.
7. Anyanwu C.U, 2012. Investigation of in vitro antifungal activity of honey. Med Plants Res. 6(18), 3512-3516.
8. AlNaggar Y., Codling G., Vogt A., Naiem E., Mona M., Seif A., 2015. Organophosphorus insecticides in honey,pollen and bees(Apis mellifera L.) and their potential hazard to bee colonies in Egypt. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 14, 1ââ‚‌“8.
9. Al-Waili N., Salom K., Al-Ghamdi A., Ansari MJ, 2012. Antibiotic, Pesticide, and Microbial Contaminants of Honey: Human Health Hazards. Sci World J. 930849.
10. Kujawski M.W., Barganska A., Marciniak K., Miedzianowska E., Kujawski J.K., Slebioda M., Namiesnik J, 2014. Determining pesticide contamination in honey by LC-ESI-MS/MS Comparison of pesticide recoveries of two liquideliquid extraction based approaches. Food Sci Technol. 56, 517-523.
11. Sanford M.T. Protecting Honey Bees from Pesticides. University of Florida. 2011. http:// pesticidestewardship.org/PollinatorProtection
12. Stanley J., Sah Kh., Jain S.K., Bhatt J.C., Sushil S.N., 2015. Evaluation of pesticide toxicity at their field recommended doses to honeybees, Apis cerana and A. mellifera through laboratory, semi-field and field studies. Chemosphere. 119, 668ââ‚‌“674.
13. Wiesta L., Buletéa A., Girouda B., Frattaa C., Amica S., Lambertb O., Pouliquen H, Arnaudguilhema C, 2011.Multi-residue analysis of 80 environmental contaminants in honeys, honeybees and pollens by one extraction procedure followed by liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A. 1218, 5743ââ‚‌“ 56.
14. Blasco C., Fernandez M., Pena A., Lino C., Sil viera M., Font G., Pico Y, 2003. Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Honey Samples from Portugal and Spain. J Agric Food Chem. 51, 8132-8138.
15. López D.R, Ahumada D.A, Díaz A.C, Guerrero J.A, 2014. Evaluation of pesticide residues in honey from different geographic regions of Colombia. Food Control. 37, 33-40.
16. Snowdon J.A., Cliverb D.O, 1996. Microorganisms in honey. Int J Food Microbiol. 31, 1-26.
17. Eissa A.A., Hassan A.S.M., Rahman T.A, 2014. Determination of total Aflatoxins and Carbamate Pesticide Residues in Some Bee Honey Samples Using QuEChERS Method and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Food Public Health. 4(5), 209-213.
18. NIU G. Toxicity of mycotoxins to insects and underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms. College of the University of Illinois. 2010. http://ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream
19. Martins H.M., Martins M.L., Bernardo F.M.A., 2003. Bacillaceae spores, fungi and aflatoxins determination in honey. RPCV. 98(546), 85-88.
20. Swaileh K.M., Abdulkhaliq A., 2012. Analysis of aflatoxins, caffeine, nicotine and heavy metals in Palestinian multifloral honey from different geographic regions. J Sci Food Agric. 93, 2116ââ‚‌“2120.
21. Rahman KH., Muhammadzai M., Hussain A., Rahman H., A J, 2014. Contaminants Analysis of Different Branded and Unbranded Honey of khyber pukhtounkhwa Pakistan. Life Sci J. 11(3s).
22. Mahmoudi R., Moosavy M., Norian R., Kazemi S., Nadari M.R.A, Mardani K, 2014. Detection of Oxytetracycline Residues in Honey Samples Using ELISA and HPLC Methods. Pharmaceut Sci. 19(4), 145-150.
23. NatuReplica. Import and Export of Natural Quality. Quality standards for honey. http://www.natureplica.com/2014/05/26/honey-import/quality-standards-for-honey.
24. Reybroeck W., 2003. Residues of antibiotics and sulfonamides in honey on the Belgian market. Apiacta. 38, 23-30.
25. Ortelli D., Edder P., Corvi C., 2004. Analysis of chloramphenicol residues in honey by liquid chromatographyââ‚‌“tandem mass spectrometry. Chromatographia. 59, 61-64.
26. Saridaki-Papakonstadinou M., Andredakis S., Burriel A., Tsachev I., 2006. Determination of tetracycline residues in Greek honey. Trakia J Sci. 4, 33-36.
27. Bogdanov S., 2006. Contaminants of bee products. Apidologie. 37, 1-18.Center for Food Safety. Antibiotics found in honey. Hong Kong. Retrieved from. http://www.cfs.gov.hk/eindex.html
28. Chen T.B., Deng W.H., Lu W.H., Chen R.M., Rao P.F., 2001. Detection of residual antibiotics in honey with capillary electrophoresis. School Equip Prod Unit. 1, 91-93.
29. Al-Waili N.A., Salom K., Al-Ghamdi A., Ansari M.J., 2012. Antibiotic, pesticide, and microbial contaminants of honey: Human health hazards. Sci World J. 1, 1-9.
30. Solomon R.D.J., Satheeja S.V., Vimalan J., 2006. Prevalence of antibiotics in nectar and honey in South Tamil Nadu India. Integ Biosci. 10, 163-167.
31. Gunes N., Cibik R., Gunes M.E., Aydin L., 2008. Erythromycin residue in honey from the Southern Marmara region of Turkey. Food Addit Contam. Part A. 25, 1313-1317.
32. Diserens J.M., 2007. Contaminants and residues in Food. Strategies (if any) to screen and analyse veterinary drug residues in food from animal origin. 5th International Fresenius Conference Nestle Research Center, 1000 Lausanne 26 Switzerland. Retrieved from www.biocop.org/.../Contaminants___Residues_in_Food_5th_Fresenuisppt.pdf.
33. Thompson H.M., Waite R.J., Wilkins S., Brown M.A., Bigwood T., Shaw M., Ridgway C., Sharman M., 2005. Effects of European foulbrood treatment regime on oxytetracycline levels in honey extracted from treated honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies and toxicity to brood. Food Addit Contam. Part A. 22, 573-578.
34. Vidal J.L.M., Luiz M.M.A., Gonzalez R.R., Frenich A.G., 2009. Multiclass analysis of antibiotic residues in honey by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem. 57, 1760-1767.
35. Zhou J., Xue X., Chen F., Zhang J., Li Y., Wu L., Chen L., Zhao J., 2009. Simultaneous determination of seven fluoroquinolones in royal jelly by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci. 32, 955-964.
36. Mahmoudi R., Mardani K., Rahimi B., 2015. Analysis of Heavy Metals in Honey from North- Western Regions of Iran. J Chem Health Risks. 5(4), 1ââ‚‌“7.
37. Solayman M., Islam Md.A., Paul S., Ali Y., Khalil Md.I., Alam N., Gan S.H., 2016. Physicochemical Properties, Minerals, Trace Elements, and Heavy Metals in Honey of Different Origins. 219-233.
38. Ahmed F.E., 1999. Trace metal contaminants in food. In: Moffat C.F., Whittle K.J., editors. Environmental contaminants in food. Sheffield: CRC Press. Pp. 146ââ‚‌“214.
39. Pisani A., Protano G., Riccobono F., 2008. Minor and trace elements in different honey types produced in Siena County (Italy). Food Chem. 107, 1553ââ‚‌“1560.
40. Erbilir F., Erdogrul O., 2005. Determination of heavy Metals in honey in Kahramanmaras, City, Turkey. Environ Monitor Ass. 109, 181-187.
41. Tuzen M., Soylak M., 2005. Trace heavy metal levels in microwave digested honey samples from Middle Anatolia, Turkey. J Food Drug Anal. 13(4), 343- 347.
42. Yılmaz H., Yavuz O., 1999. Content of some trace metals in honey from south-eastern Anatolia. Food Chem. 65, 475-476.
43. Yarsan E., Karacal F., Ibrahim I.G., Dikmen B.,Koksal A., Das Y,K., 2007. Contents of some metals in honeys from different regions in Turkey. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 79, 255-258.
44. Uren A., Serifoglu A., Sarıyahya Y., 1998. Distribution of elements in honeys and effects of a thermoelectric power plant on the element contents. Food Chem. 61, 185-190.
45. Demirezen D., Aksoy A., 2005. Determination of heavy metals in bee honey using by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). GU J Sci. 18(4), 569-575.
46. Fredes C., Montenegro G., 2006. Heavy metals and other trace elements contents in Chilean honey. Cien Inv Agr. 33(1), 50-58.
47. Frazzoli C., Dââ‚‌™Ilio S., Bocca B., 2007. Determination of Cd and Pb in honey by SF-ICP-MS: Validation figures and uncertainty of results. Analytical Letters. 40, 1992-2004.
48. Antonescu C., Mateescu C., 2001. Environmental pollution and its effects on honey quality. Roum Biotechnol Lett. 6(5), 371-379.
49. Devillers J., Dore J.C., Marenco M., Poirier- Duchene F., Galand N., Viel C., 2002. Chemometrical analysis of 18 metallic and nonmetallic elements found in honeys sold in France. J Agric Food Chem. 50, 5998- 6007.
50. Adebiyi F.M., Akpan I., Obiajunwa E.I., Olaniyi H.B., 2004 Chemical/physical characterization of Nigerian honey. Pak J Nutr. 3(5), 278-281.
51. Saghaei S., Ekici H., Demirbas M., Yarsan E., Tumer I., 2012. Determination of the Metal Contents of Honey Samples from Orumieh in Iran. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 18(2), 281-284.
52. Akbaria B., Gharanfolib F., Hassanzadeh Khayyatc M., Khashyarmaneshc Z., Rezaee R., Karimi G., 2012.
53. Determination of heavy metals in different honey brands from Iranian markets. Food Additives Contam. Part B, 1ââ‚‌“7.
54. Korth W., Ralston J., 2002. Techniques for the detection of adulterated honey. National Residue Survey Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry ââ‚‌“ Australia. http://www.researchgate.net/file.PostFileLoader.
55. Zábrodská B., Vorlová L., 2014. Adulteration of honey and available methods for detection. Acta Vet Brno. 83, 85ââ‚‌“102.