ارزیابی امکان کشت برخی از گونههای علوفهای لوپن در دشت تبریز
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیحسن منیری فر 1 , بهمن پاسبان اسلام 2
1 - دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجانشرقی، تبریز
2 - دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجانشرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران
کلید واژه: شوری, روند رشد, زندهمانی, لوپن آبی, لوپن سفید, لوپن زرد,
چکیده مقاله :
گیاهان علوفهای از اجزای مهم یک الگوی کشت مبتنی بر کشاورزی پایدار میباشند و در این میان لگومها در الگوهای کشت نقش ویژهای دارند. به منظور ارزیابی امکان کشت و استقرار گیاه لوپن در دشت تبریز، آزمایشی با طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی و با سه تکرار در سال 1395 در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجانشرقی اجرا گردید. در این آزمایش سه رقم Dieta، Iris و Pootallong متعلق به سه گونهLupinus albus ،L. angustifolius و L. luteus مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس درصد زندهمانی گونههای مورد بررسی در مزرعه نشان داد که بین آنها و روزهای پس از کاشت اختلاف معنیدار وجود دارد و تفاوت درصد زندهمانی در نوبتهای یادداشت برداری متوالی، موجب معنیداری اثر متقابل گونه لوپن در روزهای پس از کاشت گردید. رشد و سبز نمودن ارقام Dieta و Iris شش روز پس از کاشت و در رقم Pootallong در نهمین روز پس از کاشت آغاز شد. ارقام Iris و Pootallong به ترتیب 27 و 18 روز پس از کاشت در مزرعه از بین رفتند. روند رشد و زند مانی رقم Dieta از دو رقم دیگر متفاوت بود و درصد سبز این رقم، 24 روز پس از کاشت به اوج خود رسید. اگر چه رقم Dieta با کسب سرعت سبز 1/50 توانست در مزرعه به طور کامل استقرار یافته و تولید محصول نماید، ولی گیاهان این گونه، با توجه به میزان شوری خاک و آب منطقه که بهترتیب µs/m 4580 و 5634 بودند، در ادامه مراحل رشدی نتوانستند پتانسیل عملکرد خود را بروز دهند. به نظر میرسد شوری خاک و آب منطقه آزمایش موجب محدودیت شدید برای رشد این گیاهان شده و شرایط خاک و آب محل آزمایش برای کشت و کار ارقام متعلق به گونههایL. angustifolius و L. luteus مساعد نبوده است.
Forage crops are considered as important components of sustainable farming systems. Legumes have a specific role in farming systems. In order to assess the possibility of growing lupine in Tabriz plain, an experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at the East Azarbaijan Agriculture and Natural Research and Education Center, Iran. Three forage lupins varieties namely Dieta (Lupinus albus), Iris (L. angustifolius) and Pootallong (L. luteus) in this study were evaluated. The results indicated that establishment and survival percentage of varieties under farm condition were significantly different. The intraction effect of variety× days after planting on percentage of establishment among lupine speaces was significantly different. Seedling of Dieta and Iris varieties emerged 6 days after planting, but that of Pootallong could emergent after 9 days. Seedling of Iris and Pootallong varieties dried 27 and 18 days after planting, respectively. The trends of growth and establishment of Dieta variety in the farm was different from the other two varieties. It could achieve the peak emergence after 24 days. Although, Dieta lupine variety, by having 50.1% emergence in the field, was able to grow in the farm and produce seed, but it couldn't express acceptable seed yield and its component. Since the salinity of soil and water used in this experiment were 4580 and 5634 µs/m respectively, growth of these species, specially L. angustifolius and L. luteus (Iris and Pootallong varieties) came across sevrer limitations. More studies are needed to evaluate adaptability and planting time of Dieta cultivar in the region .
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