نقش آللوپاتیک اسانس برگ بو (Laurus nobilis L) بر جوانه زنی بذر و شاخص قدرت گیاهچه گاوپنبه (Abutilon theopharasti L) و پیچک صحرایی (Convolvulus arvensis L)
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
بهرام میرشکاری
1
(دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران)
کلید واژه: رگرسیون, درصد جوانه زنی, شاخص قدرت گیاهچه, غلظت اسانس,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور مطالعه نقش آللوپاتیک غلظت های مختلف صفر، 100، 200، 300 و 400 قسمت در میلیون اسانس گیاه دارویی برگ بو بر جوانه زنی و استقرار اولیه علف های هرز گاو پنبه و پیچک صحرایی آزمایشی در سال 1392 در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز اجرا شد. بر اساس یافته ها، میزان جوانه زنی بذر در تیمار آب مقطر 73.3 درصد و در میانگین تیمارهای برخوردار از اسانس 64.7 درصد بودند. کمترین طول بوته در تیمار 400 قسمت در میلیون اسانس مشاهده شد. سطح برگ تک بوته علف هرز از حداکثر 13.5 سانتی متر مربع در تیمار شاهد تا حداقل 9.7 سانتی متر مربع در میانگین غلظت های 300 و 400 قسمت در میلیون اسانس تغییر کرد. وزن خشک علف هرز در صورت تیمار بذر با غلظت های 300 و 400 قسمت در میلیون اسانس برگ بو تا بیش از دو برابر تیمار شاهد کاهش یافت. گیاهچه های تحت تیمار با غلظت های 100 و 200 قسمت در میلیون اسانس و نیز شاهد (بدون تیمار) در مقایسه با میانگین دو تیمار حایز کمترین شاخص ویگور، به ترتیب از بنیه 1.5، 1.5 و 2.6 برابری برخوردار بودند. بر اساس تجزیه رگرسیون سه ﺻﻔﺖ درصد جوانه زنی، سطح برگ و وزن خشک تک بوته تأﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻨـﻲداری روی شاخص قدرت گیاهچه داﺷـﺘﻨﺪ. اسانس برگ بو از قابلیت بالایی در کنترل علف های هرز گاوپنبه و پیچک صحرایی، به ویژه در غلظت های بیشتر از 400 قسمت در میلیون برخوردار بود که می تواند به عنوان راهکاری در مسیر سنتز علف کش های بیولوژیک به منظور کنترل غیرشیمیایی این دو علف هرز در مزارع برخی از گیاهان زراعی مد نظر قرار گیرد.
To study allelopatic effect of sweet bay essence concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) on germination and early establishment of velvetleaf and field bindweed an experiment was conducted at Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Iran, during 2013. Results indicated that germination percentage of non-treated seeds was 73.3%, and that of treated seeds 64.7%. Plant height at 400 ppm concentration was shorter than other treatments. Mean leaf area per plant of weeds ranged from 13.5 cm2 in control up to 9.7 cm2 in 300 ppm and 400 ppm concertrations. Dry weight per weed plant of the seeds treated with 300 and 400 ppm concentrations was twice lower than of untreated seeds. Vigor index of seedling from seeds treated with 100 and 200 ppm essence and control were 1.5, 1.5 and 2.6 times higher than those treated with 300-400 ppm, respectively. Regression analysis showed that germination percentage, leaf area and dry weight per plant did have higher effect on seedling vigor index. It can be concluded that essential oil of sweet-bay may have potential in controlling weeds, especially in the higher concentrations. Therefor, it could be used in the synthesis of bioherbicides compounds to control weeds.
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