بهبود عملکرد سویا (Glycine max L.) با محلول‌پاشی اوره در مراحل رشدی
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
محمود توحیدی
1
(عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد دزفول)
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/05/17
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/12/07
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/05/01
کلید واژه:
سویا,
نیتروژن,
محلول‌پاشی,
مرحله رشد,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثر محلول پاشی نیتروژندر مراحل مختلف رشد سویا، این آزمایش در تابستان سال 1393 در شهرستان شوش، شمال استان خوزستان به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصـادفی در سـه تکرار اجـرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش در چهار سطح کودی شامل شاهد (بدون محلول پاشی نیتروژن)، 25، 50 و 75 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار از منبع کود اوره (46 درصد نیتروژن خالص) به عنوان کرت اصلی و زمان محلول پاشی در مراحل مختلف رشد در سه سطح شامل مرحله رویشی، مرحله گلدهی و مرحله غلاف دهی به عنوان کرت فرعی بودند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس داده های آماری نشان داد که صفات مورد بررسی در این آزمایش از قبیل شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، درصد و عملکرد پروتئین در واکنش به تیمارهای محلول پاشی نیتروژن، مراحل مختلف رشد و برهمکنش سطوح مختلف محلول پاشی نیتروژن در مراحل مختلف رشد، تحت تاثیر معنی داری قرار گرفتند. درصد روغن و عملکرد روغن فقط تحت تاثیر تیمارهای میزان محلول پاشی نیتروژن و مراحل مختلف رشد اثر معنی دار شد در حالی که اثر برهمکنش سطوح مختلف محلول پاشی نیتروژن و مراحل مختلف رشد بر درصد و عملکرد روغن معنی دار نبود. در این آزمایش محلول پاشی نیتروژن عملکرد دانه را افزایش داد، به طوری که بیشترین میزان عملکرد دانه با 2466 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به تیمار 50 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به صورت محلول پاشی در مرحله ی رشد رویشی و کمترین میزان عملکرد دانه با 1295 کیـلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به تیمار شــاهد (بدون محلول پاشی نیتروژن) در مرحله غلاف دهی بود. به طورکلی، نتایج نشان داد که تیمار 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار به صورت محلول پاشی در مرحله ی رشد رویشی را می توان به عنوان بهترین گزینه مدیریت محلول پاشی نیتروژن برای سویا در نظر گرفت.
چکیده انگلیسی:
To investigate the effects of nitrogen foliar application at different growth stages of soybean on the yield and yield components this experiment was performed in Shush, north of Khuzestan, Iran, during growing season of 2014. The experiment was in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments consisted of four levels of nitrogen fertilizer foliar applications as control (no nitrogen foliar application), 25, 50 and 75 kg/ha pure nitrogen from urea source (46% pure nitrogen) assigned to the main plots and spraying times in three levels, at vegetative stage, flowering stage and podding stage to the subplots. Results showed that the effects of nitrogen foliar application on traits measured in this experiment like leaf area index, number of pod per plant, number of seeds per pod, thousand seed weight, seed yield, biologic yield, harvest index, protein percent and protein yield and also interaction of different levels of nitrogen foliar application and different growth stages, were significant. Oil percent and yield were only significant under the effect of nitrogen foliar application treatments at different growth stages while the interaction of different levels of nitrogen foliar application and different growth stages, were not significant. In this experiment nitrogen foliar application increased seed yield. The highest seed yield amounted to 2466 kg/ha when 50kg/ha of foliar nitrogen applied at vegetative growth stage and lowest seed yield amounted to 1295 kg/ha in the control treatment at the stage of podding. In general, results demonstrated that 50 kg/ha treatment could be considered as the best management option of nitrogen foliar application for soybean at vegetative growth stage.
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