تأثیر محلول‌پاشی آهن و روی در مراحل مختلف رشد بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و کیفیت دانه ذرت شیرین

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

افسانه یوسف پور ^{1 *} , الناز فرج زاده معماری تبریزی ²

1 - استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد ملکان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ملکان، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/08/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/06/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/06/01

کلید واژه: عملکرد, ذرت شیرین, محلول‌پاشی, عناصر غذایی کم‌مصرف,

چکیده مقاله :

این مطالعه جهت بررسی تأثیر کاربرد عناصر غذایی کم‌مصرف آهن و روی (به تنهایی و توأم به صورت محلول‌پاشی با غلظت 5/2 و 5 در هزار و یا مصرف خاکی به مقدار 15 و 30 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و زمان کاربرد کودها (شـاهد، مصـرف خاکی کودها، محـلول‌پاشی در مرحله رشـد رویشی، محلول‌پاشی در مرحله ظهور گل آذین نر، محلول‌پاشی در دو مرحله رشد رویشی و ظهور گل آذین نر، محلول‌پاشی در مرحله پر شدن دانه و محلول‌پاشی در سه مرحله رشد رویشی، ظهور گل آذین نر و پر شدن دانه) بر رشد و عملکرد ذرت (Zea mays convar saccharata var. rugosa) انجام شد. آزمایش در سال 1395 در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. با توجه به نتایج این بررسی تیمارهای کودی اثر مشابهی از نظر آماری بر عملکرد خشک داشتند. هر چهار تیمار مصرف خاکی کودها، محلول‌پاشی در مرحله رشد رویشی، محلول‌پاشی در دو مرحله رشد رویشی و ظهور گل آذین نر و محلول‌پاشی در سه مرحله رشد رویشی، ظهور گل آذین نر و پر شدن دانه افزایش معنی دار و مشابهی را از نظر آماری در این صفت باعث شده و عملکرد دانه خشک را به ترتیب 20، 12، 21 و 22 درصد افزایش دادند که تنها ناشی از افزایش تعداد دانه تولیدی بود. با توجه به نتایج این بررسی، تنها در دو تیمار کاربرد خاکی 5 کیلوگرم در هکتار آهن و محلول‌پاشی آهن و روی در دو مرحله رویشی و آغاز مرحله زایشی با غلظت 5 در هزار افزایش سود مطلوبی به ترتیب با 334850 و 271298 هزار تومان اضافه درآمد خالص در هکتار داشتند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This study aimed to investigate the impact of micro fertilizer application (Iron and zinc alone or together as foliar application in 2.5 and 5 per thousand concentration or soil application in 15 or 30 kg.ha-1) and the fertilizers application time (control, soil application of fertilizers, spraying at vegetative growth stage, spraying in tassel stage, spraying in two phases of growth and tasseling stage, spraying in grain filling stage and spraying in three stages of growth, tasseling and grain filling) on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays convar. saccharata var. rugosa). The experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch during 2016 growing season as split plot using a randomized complete block design with three replications. According to the results of the study fertilizer treatments had statistically similar effects on seed of dry yield. All four treatments, soil application of fertilizers, spraying at vegetative growth stage, spraying at two stages of vegetative stage and tasseling and spraying at three stages of vegetative stage, tasseling and grain filling increased this trait similarly and increased seed dry yield by 20, 12, 21 and 22 percent which could be only due to increasing number of seeds produced. According to the survey results in just two treatments, soil application of 5 kg.ha-1 iron and foliar application of iron and zinc in the vegetative and early reproductive stage at a concentration of 5 per thousand, an increase of optimal gains, respectively 334850 and 271298 tomans net income per hectare, obtained.

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