ارزیابی هدایت الکتریکی، کلروفیل و عملکرد گندم تحت تنش کم آبی با کاربرد زئولیت
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
محمد میرزاخانی
1
(گروه کشاورزی، واحد فراهان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فراهان، ایران)
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/08/27
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/02/04
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/03/01
کلید واژه:
زئولیت,
تنش کم آبی,
غشای سلولی,
غلظت کلروفیل,
هدایت الکتریکی.,
چکیده مقاله :
اثر تنش آبی و مصرف مقادیر مختلف زئولیت بر برخی صفات گندم با اجرای آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1390-1389 به صورت کرت های یک بار خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار ارزیابی گردید. تنش آبی در چهار سطح شامل آبیاری بر اساس نیاز آبی گیاه (شاهد)، آبیاری به میزان 85 درصد، آبیاری به میزان70 درصد، آبیاری به میزان 55 درصد نیاز آبی و مقادیر زئولیت در چهار سطح شامل عدم مصرف زئولیت (شاهد)، مصرف زئولیت به مقدار سه تن، شش تن و نه تن در هکتار در نظر گرفته شدند. در این بررسی، صفاتی نظیر طول پدانکل و ریشک، تعداد سنبله در مترمربع، عملکرد دانه، هدایت الکتریکی در دماهای 50 و 60 درجه سلسیوس اندازه گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل تیمار تنش آبی و سطوح مصرف زئولیت بر صفات تعداد سنبله در متر مربع، عملکرد دانه، هدایت الکتریکی معنی دار بودند. مقایسه میانگین ها نشان داد که اثرات متقابل کمترین مقدار هدایت الکتریکی ناشی از تخریب غشای سلولی توسط تیمار آب50 و 60 درجه سلسیوس با میانگین 447 و 476 میکروزیمنس بر سانتی متر مربوط به تیمار تنش آبیاری شاهد + مصرف 9 تن در هکتار زئولیت بود. همچنین، در بین سطوح مختلف مصرف زئولیت، میانگین کاهش عملکرد دانه ناشی از تیمار عدم مصرف زئولیت، معادل 79/16 درصد نسبت به تیمار مصرف نه تن در هکتار زئولیت بود. به طوری که، مصرف نه تن در هکتار زئولیت با میانگین 4901 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد دانه را به خود اختصاص داشت.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Electrical conductivity of wheat cell sap and chlorophyll concentration of its leaves under drought stress and application of zeolite were evaluated in a split plot experiment, by using a RCBD with three at Arak Payam-Noor University in 2010. Treatments were four levels of water stress (I0= control irrigation, I1= irrigation at 85% of I0, I2= irrigation at 70% of I0, I3= irrigation at 55% of I0) assigned to the main plots and four levels of zeolite applications (Z0= without zeolite application, Z1= 3 t.ha-1, Z2= 6 t.ha-1, Z3= 9 t. ha-1) to the sub plots. Sub plots consisted of 4 rows of 5 m long spaced 50 cm apart and 20 plants per meter on the rows. In this study traits like peduncle length, awn length, number of spike per m-2, grain yield, electrical conductivity by using water with 50and 60oC were assessed. Results indicated that intraction effect of water stress and zeolit application on number of spike per m2, seed yield, and electrical conductivity at 50and 60oC water were significant. Mean comparisons of intraction effects showed that electrical conductivity of water with 50 and 60 oC (447 and 476 respectively) resulted in the least detrimental effect on cell membrane. Results also revealed that electrical conductivity at control irrigation (554 µs.cm-1) and application of 9 t.ha-1 of zeolit produced highest seed yield (4901 kg.ha-1) at wheat.
منابع و مأخذ:
Aghaee-sarbarzeh, M., R. Rajabi, R. Haghdoust, and R. Mohammadi. 2008. Evaluation and selection of bread wheat genotypes using physiological traits and drought tolerance indices. Journal of Seed and Plant. 24 (3): 579-601. (In Persian).
Al-Busaidi, A., T. Yamamoto, and M. Irshad. 2007. The ameliorative effect of artificial zeolite on barley under saline conditions. Journal of Applied Sciences. 7(16): 2272-2276.
Amirifar, A., M. Aghaeisarbarze, R. Haghparast, and M. Khosroshali. 2011. Sustainable yield, baking quality and drought tolerance of wheat genotypes. Seed and Plant Journal. 27(1): 223-255. (In Persian).
Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts: polyphenol-oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology. 24: 1-15.
Ashraf, M.Y., A.R. Azmi, A.H. Khan, and S.A. Ala., 1994. Effect of water stress on total phenols, peroxidase activity and chlorophyll content in wheat. Acta Physiology Planta. 16: 185-190.
Behdad, M., F. Paknejad, S. Vazan, M.R. Ardakani, and M. Nasri. 2009. Effect of drought stress on yield and component yield in different stages of wheat growth. Environment Stress in Agricultural Sciences. 1(2): 143-157. (In Persian).
Blum, A., and A. Ebercon. 1980. Cell membrane stability as a measure of drought and heat tolerance in wheat. Crop Sciences. 21: 43-47.
Dastfal, M., V. Barati, Y. Emam, H. Hagigat-nia, and M. Ramezan-pour. 2011. Evaluate of yield and component yield in wheat genotype in drought stress in Darab region. Journal of Seed and Plant. 27(2): 195-217. (In Persian).
Emam, Y. 2007. Cereal production. Shiraz University Press. 190 pages. (In Persian).
Farmahini, M. 2011. Effect of water deficit stress and application of material humidity absorbent on physiological and agronomy traits of Alvand wheat. Thesis of M.Sc. in Agronomy. Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch. 172 pp. (In Persian).
Golamhoseyni, M., M. Aghaalikhani, and M.J. Malakouti. 2008. Effect of nitrogen different levels and zeolite on quality and quantity yield of winter rape seed. Journal of Sciences and Technology in Agricultural and Natural Resources. 45(b): 537-548. (In Persian).
Jazaeri Nushabadi, M.R., and A.M. Rezaei, 2007. Evaluation of relations between parameters in oat cultivars in water stress and non- stress conditions. Sciences and Technology in Agricultural and Natural ReSources. 11(1): 265-278. (In Persian).
Kavousi, M., and M. Rahimi. 2000. Investigating the effect of zeolite application on rice yield in two light and heavy-textured soils. Rice Research Istitute, Rasht. (In Persian).
Khadem, S.A., M. Galavi, M. Ramrodi, S.R. Mousavi, M.J. Rousta, and P. Rezvan-moghadam. 2010. Effect of animal manure and superabsorbent polymer on corn leaf relative water content, cell memberane stability leaf chlorophyll content under dry condition. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 4(8): 642-647.
Komeyli, H.R., M.H. Rashed-Mohassel, M. Ghodsi, and A. Zare-Feyzabadi. 2006. Evaluation of tolerance to drought stress of wheat new genotypes in moisture stress condition. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 4(2): 1-14. (In Persian).
Mirzakhan, M., and M. Sibi. 2010. Response of safflower physiological traits to water stress and zeolite application. The Proceedings of 2nd Iranian National Congress on Agricultural and Sustainable Development. Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch. (In Persian).
Mirzakhan, M., and M. Sibi. 2011. Effect of water stress and zeolite application on yield of winter safflower in Arak zone. The Proceedings of National Congress on New Findings in Agriculture. Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e- Ghods Branch. (In Persian).
Mohammadi, A., A. Majidi-Haravan, M.R. Bihamta, and H. Heydari-Sharifabad. 2006. Evaluation of drought stress on morphological- agronomy traits in wheat cultivars. Pajoohesh and Sazandegi in Agronomy and Horticultural. 73: 84-192. (In Persian).
Mohsina, H., M. Yasin Ashraf, K.H. Rehman, and M. Arashad. 2008. Influence of salicylic acid seed priming on growth and some biological attributes in wheat grown under saline conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 40(1): 361-367.
Niknam, N. 2005. Effect of water stress on grain yield and some of morphological characteristics in wheat genotypes. Goodarz Product Company. (In Persian).
Nabati, I., and P. Sharifi. 2016. The effect of irrigation regimes on yield and yield componets of three wheat cultivars. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 10(1):183-200. (In Persian).
Naderi Zarnaghi, R., and R. Fotovat. 2017. Evaluation of drought tolerance of some winter wheat genotypes. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 10(4):945-958. (In Persian).
Noormohammadi, GH., S.A.A. Siadat, and A. Kashani. 2001. Cereal production. Shahid Chamran University Press. 446 pages. (In Persian).
Paknejad, F., M. Jami-Alahmadi, A.R. Pazouki, and M. Nasri. 2008. Investigation of the drought stress effects on yield and yield component in wheat cultivares. Environment Stress in Agricultural Sciences. 1(1): 1-15. (In Persian).
Royo, C., M. Abaza, R. Blanco, and L.F. Garcia del Moral. 2000. Triticale grain growth and development as affected by drougth stress, late sowing and simulated drought stress. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 27: 1051-1059.
Saneoka, H., R.E.A. Moghaieb, G.S. Premachandra, and K. Fujita. 2004. Nitrogen nutrition and water stress effects on cell membrane stability and leaf water relations in Agrostis palustris Huds. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 52: 131–138.
Shahryari, R. 2016. Evaluation of genetic variation of bread wheat genotypes for some morphological and physiological characteristics under drought stress condition. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 10(2):413-430. (In Persian).
Shamsi-pour, M., R. Fotovat, and F. Jabari. 2010. Relative between of chlorophyll index and wheat grain yield under drought stress. Journal Science of Crops Ecological. 2(1): 27-39. (In Persian).
Sibi, M., M. Mirzakhani, and M. Gomarian. 2011. Effect of water stress, application zeolite and salicylic acid on un-sustainability of cell memberance in spring safflower. The Proceedings of 12th Iranian Soil Sciences Congress. Tabriz University. (In Persian).
Urotadze, S.L., T.A. Andronikashvili, and G.V. Tsitishvili. 2002. Output of a winter wealth grown on enriched by aloumontite containing rock. Book of Zeolite Abstracts.
Yarmohammadi, V.A., N.A. Sajedi, M. Mirzakhan, and M. Sibi. 2011. Effect of water stress and application of zeolite and animal manure on potatos. The Proceedings of 1st National Congress on Sterategy of Obtain to Sustainable Agriculture. Payam Noor University, Khouzestan Branch. (In Persian).
Zarea-Fizabady, A., and M. Ghodsi. 2004. Evaluation of yield and yield components of facultative and winter bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum) under different irrigation regimes in Khorasan Province in Iran. Agronomy Journal. 3: 184-187. (In Persian).
_||_
Aghaee-sarbarzeh, M., R. Rajabi, R. Haghdoust, and R. Mohammadi. 2008. Evaluation and selection of bread wheat genotypes using physiological traits and drought tolerance indices. Journal of Seed and Plant. 24 (3): 579-601. (In Persian).
Al-Busaidi, A., T. Yamamoto, and M. Irshad. 2007. The ameliorative effect of artificial zeolite on barley under saline conditions. Journal of Applied Sciences. 7(16): 2272-2276.
Amirifar, A., M. Aghaeisarbarze, R. Haghparast, and M. Khosroshali. 2011. Sustainable yield, baking quality and drought tolerance of wheat genotypes. Seed and Plant Journal. 27(1): 223-255. (In Persian).
Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts: polyphenol-oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology. 24: 1-15.
Ashraf, M.Y., A.R. Azmi, A.H. Khan, and S.A. Ala., 1994. Effect of water stress on total phenols, peroxidase activity and chlorophyll content in wheat. Acta Physiology Planta. 16: 185-190.
Behdad, M., F. Paknejad, S. Vazan, M.R. Ardakani, and M. Nasri. 2009. Effect of drought stress on yield and component yield in different stages of wheat growth. Environment Stress in Agricultural Sciences. 1(2): 143-157. (In Persian).
Blum, A., and A. Ebercon. 1980. Cell membrane stability as a measure of drought and heat tolerance in wheat. Crop Sciences. 21: 43-47.
Dastfal, M., V. Barati, Y. Emam, H. Hagigat-nia, and M. Ramezan-pour. 2011. Evaluate of yield and component yield in wheat genotype in drought stress in Darab region. Journal of Seed and Plant. 27(2): 195-217. (In Persian).
Emam, Y. 2007. Cereal production. Shiraz University Press. 190 pages. (In Persian).
Farmahini, M. 2011. Effect of water deficit stress and application of material humidity absorbent on physiological and agronomy traits of Alvand wheat. Thesis of M.Sc. in Agronomy. Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch. 172 pp. (In Persian).
Golamhoseyni, M., M. Aghaalikhani, and M.J. Malakouti. 2008. Effect of nitrogen different levels and zeolite on quality and quantity yield of winter rape seed. Journal of Sciences and Technology in Agricultural and Natural Resources. 45(b): 537-548. (In Persian).
Jazaeri Nushabadi, M.R., and A.M. Rezaei, 2007. Evaluation of relations between parameters in oat cultivars in water stress and non- stress conditions. Sciences and Technology in Agricultural and Natural ReSources. 11(1): 265-278. (In Persian).
Kavousi, M., and M. Rahimi. 2000. Investigating the effect of zeolite application on rice yield in two light and heavy-textured soils. Rice Research Istitute, Rasht. (In Persian).
Khadem, S.A., M. Galavi, M. Ramrodi, S.R. Mousavi, M.J. Rousta, and P. Rezvan-moghadam. 2010. Effect of animal manure and superabsorbent polymer on corn leaf relative water content, cell memberane stability leaf chlorophyll content under dry condition. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 4(8): 642-647.
Komeyli, H.R., M.H. Rashed-Mohassel, M. Ghodsi, and A. Zare-Feyzabadi. 2006. Evaluation of tolerance to drought stress of wheat new genotypes in moisture stress condition. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 4(2): 1-14. (In Persian).
Mirzakhan, M., and M. Sibi. 2010. Response of safflower physiological traits to water stress and zeolite application. The Proceedings of 2nd Iranian National Congress on Agricultural and Sustainable Development. Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch. (In Persian).
Mirzakhan, M., and M. Sibi. 2011. Effect of water stress and zeolite application on yield of winter safflower in Arak zone. The Proceedings of National Congress on New Findings in Agriculture. Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e- Ghods Branch. (In Persian).
Mohammadi, A., A. Majidi-Haravan, M.R. Bihamta, and H. Heydari-Sharifabad. 2006. Evaluation of drought stress on morphological- agronomy traits in wheat cultivars. Pajoohesh and Sazandegi in Agronomy and Horticultural. 73: 84-192. (In Persian).
Mohsina, H., M. Yasin Ashraf, K.H. Rehman, and M. Arashad. 2008. Influence of salicylic acid seed priming on growth and some biological attributes in wheat grown under saline conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 40(1): 361-367.
Niknam, N. 2005. Effect of water stress on grain yield and some of morphological characteristics in wheat genotypes. Goodarz Product Company. (In Persian).
Nabati, I., and P. Sharifi. 2016. The effect of irrigation regimes on yield and yield componets of three wheat cultivars. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 10(1):183-200. (In Persian).
Naderi Zarnaghi, R., and R. Fotovat. 2017. Evaluation of drought tolerance of some winter wheat genotypes. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 10(4):945-958. (In Persian).
Noormohammadi, GH., S.A.A. Siadat, and A. Kashani. 2001. Cereal production. Shahid Chamran University Press. 446 pages. (In Persian).
Paknejad, F., M. Jami-Alahmadi, A.R. Pazouki, and M. Nasri. 2008. Investigation of the drought stress effects on yield and yield component in wheat cultivares. Environment Stress in Agricultural Sciences. 1(1): 1-15. (In Persian).
Royo, C., M. Abaza, R. Blanco, and L.F. Garcia del Moral. 2000. Triticale grain growth and development as affected by drougth stress, late sowing and simulated drought stress. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 27: 1051-1059.
Saneoka, H., R.E.A. Moghaieb, G.S. Premachandra, and K. Fujita. 2004. Nitrogen nutrition and water stress effects on cell membrane stability and leaf water relations in Agrostis palustris Huds. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 52: 131–138.
Shahryari, R. 2016. Evaluation of genetic variation of bread wheat genotypes for some morphological and physiological characteristics under drought stress condition. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 10(2):413-430. (In Persian).
Shamsi-pour, M., R. Fotovat, and F. Jabari. 2010. Relative between of chlorophyll index and wheat grain yield under drought stress. Journal Science of Crops Ecological. 2(1): 27-39. (In Persian).
Sibi, M., M. Mirzakhani, and M. Gomarian. 2011. Effect of water stress, application zeolite and salicylic acid on un-sustainability of cell memberance in spring safflower. The Proceedings of 12th Iranian Soil Sciences Congress. Tabriz University. (In Persian).
Urotadze, S.L., T.A. Andronikashvili, and G.V. Tsitishvili. 2002. Output of a winter wealth grown on enriched by aloumontite containing rock. Book of Zeolite Abstracts.
Yarmohammadi, V.A., N.A. Sajedi, M. Mirzakhan, and M. Sibi. 2011. Effect of water stress and application of zeolite and animal manure on potatos. The Proceedings of 1st National Congress on Sterategy of Obtain to Sustainable Agriculture. Payam Noor University, Khouzestan Branch. (In Persian).
Zarea-Fizabady, A., and M. Ghodsi. 2004. Evaluation of yield and yield components of facultative and winter bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum) under different irrigation regimes in Khorasan Province in Iran. Agronomy Journal. 3: 184-187. (In Persian).
