پاسخ های ریشه عدس (Lens culinaris Medikus.) به محلول پاشی متانول تحت شرایط تنش کم آبی
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
سعیدرضا حسین زاده
1
(گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران)
فرزاد پاک نژاد
2
(دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران)
محمد نبی ایلکایی
3
(استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران)
راهله احمدپور
4
(گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء، بهبهان، ایران)
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/03/27
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/11/19
تاریخ انتشار : 1397/03/01
کلید واژه:
تنش خشکی,
عدس,
ریشه,
مورفولوژیک,
فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانت,
چکیده مقاله :
کمبود آب قابل دسترس در محیط ریشه، یکی از عوامل اصلی محدود کننده رشد و تولید محصول در مناطق خشک به شمار می آید. محلول پاشی متانول در افزایش تحمل به خشکی در گیاهان 3 کربنه نقش دارد. به این منظور آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان در سال 1394 به اجرا درآمد. محلول پاشی متانول با 5 سطح، شاهد، 5، 15، 25 و 35 درصد حجمی و تنش کم آبی با سه سطح: شامل بدون تنش (آبیاری در 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی)، تنش آبی ملایم (آبیاری در 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و تنش آبی شدید (آبیاری در 25 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) در نظر گرفته شدند. محلول پاشی متانول 3 بار در طول فصل رشد گیاه (در مراحل گیاهچه ای، گلدهی و غلاف دهی گیاه) و با فواصل 10 روز انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد اثرات متقابل متانول و تنش خشکی بر وزن خشک ریشه، قطر ریشه، طول ریشه در سطح 5 درصد و بر سطح ریشه در سطح 1 درصد معنی دار شد. در شرایط آبیاری نرمال تیمار 5، 15و 25 درصد محلول پاشی متانول باعث افزایش معنی دار وزن خشک ریشه نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. اثرات متقابل متانول و تنش بر پروتئین و پرولین در سطح 1 درصد معنی دار شد. محلول پاشی متانول منجر به افزایش معنی دار محتوای پرولین و پروتئین ریشه شد. اثرات متقابل متانول و تنش بر غلظت سدیم و پتاسیم ریشه در سطح 5 درصد و بر غلظت کلسیم ریشه در سطح 1 درصد معنی دار شد. اثرات متقابل متانول و تنش بر فعالیت آنزیم های سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و پراکسیداز در سطح 5 درصد معنی دار شدند. همچنین، اثر تنش خشکی بر فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در سطح 1 درصد معنی دار شد. محلول پاشی متانول منجر به کاهش معنی دار فعالیت آنزیم های پراکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز ریشه شد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Water shortage in root environment is the main factor limiting crop growth and productivity in dry regions. There are many reports on the role of methanol spraying for increasing drought tolerance in C3 plants. For this reason, a factorial experiment was conducted using completely randomized block design with 3 replications at Khatam Alanbia University of Behbahan. Methanol applied with five levels; (control, 5, 15, 25 and 35% v/v) and water deficit stress with three levels: irrigation at 100% of field capacity, moderate water stress, irrigation at 75% of field capacity and severe water stress, irrigation at 25% of field capacity. Foliar application of methanol was applied 3 times during the growing season (at seedling, flowering and podding stages) with 10-days intervals. Results showed that the interactions of methanol × drought on the root dry weight, root diameter, root length (p<0.05) and root area (p<0.01) were significant. In normal irrigation conditions, methanol spraying 5, 15 and 25% increased significantly root dry weight as compared to control. Also, the interactions of methanol ×drought on protein and proline were significant (p<0.01). Methanol spraying incresed significantly root proline and protein contents. Interactions of methanol and drought on sodium and potasium consentration, (p<0.05) and calcium (p<0.01) was significant. Interactions of methanol ×drought on root activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were significant (p<0.05). Also, the effect of drought stress on catalase enzyme activity was significant (p<0.01). Methanol spraying decreased root activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, significantly.
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