بررسی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک برخی از ارقام گندم نان در شرایط نرمال و تنش خشکی

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

کمال شهبازی هومونلو ^{1 *} , علی عبادی ² , سلیم فرزانه ³ , منوچهر خدارحمی ⁴

1 - دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
3 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
4 - موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، کرج، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/07/25 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/10/26 تاریخ انتشار : 1403/04/01

کلید واژه: آنزیم¬های آنتی اکسیدانت, پرولین, پلی فنول اکسیداز, کارایی مصرف آب,

چکیده مقاله :

به¬منظور بررسی تاثیر تنش خشکی بر ارقام گندم نان، پژوهشی طی دو ســال¬ زراعــی متوالی ( 98 – 1397 و 99 – 1398) در سایت آزمایش¬های غلات آبی مزرعه پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان) به صورت کرت¬هاي خـرد شـده در قالـب طـرح بلوك¬هاي کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شـد. کـرت¬های اصلی شامل رژیم آبیاري (آبیاري کامل تا انتهاي فصل رشد (شاهد بدون تنش خشکی)، آبیاري تا مرحله گلدهی (تنش خشکی متوسط) و آبیاری خاک آب (تنش خشکی کامل) و کرت¬های فرعی شامل شش رقم گندم نان شامل (تیرگان، احسان، کلاته، آراز، تکتاز و آفتاب) بودند. نتایج حاصل از آزمایش نشان داد که تنش خشکی متوسط و تنش خشکی کامل باعث کاهش ارتفاع بوته (به¬ترتیب 37/3 و 88/6 درصد)، تعداد پنجه بارور (به¬ترتیب 39/19 و 72/22 درصد)، تعداد دانه در سنبله (به¬ترتیب 46/7 و 76/15)، وزن دانه در سنبله (به¬ترتیب 38/6 و 86/7 درصد) و عملکرد دانه (به¬ترتیب 66/7 و 29/15 درصد) نسبت به آبیاري کامل تا انتهاي فصل رشد شد. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد تنش خشکی متوسط و تنش خشکی کامل باعث افزایش میزان پرولین (به ترتیب 45/26 و 71/45 درصد) و پلی فنول اکسیداز (به ترتیب 09/13 و 81/20 درصد) شد. به-طورلی نتایج نشان داد که ارقام تکتاز و تیرگان داراي پتانسیل عملکرد بیشتر در هر دو شرایط آبیاري کامل و تنش خشکی متوسط بودند و در شرایط تنش خشکی متوسط و تنش خشکی کامل، ارقام تکتاز و آفتاب از نظر صفات مورد بررسی برتر بودند و با توجه به تحمل بالاتر این ارقام به تنش خشکی، استفاده از این ارقام در مناطق مواجه با محدودیت رطوبت، شایسته پژوهش¬های بلند مدت با جزئیات بیشتری است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The aim of this study was to evaluate and select bread wheat cultivars by assessing the yield, yield components and some physiological traits under drought stress conditions. Six cultivars were evaluated as sub-plots in 2018 to 2020 cropping seasons using a split plot design based on RCBD with three replicates. The Main plot covered the three irrigation regimes including normal irrigation (non-drought stress), terminal drought stress (irrigation up to boot- stage as moderate drought stress) and full drought stress (dryland). The results revealed that a significant reduction of the plant height (3.37 and 6.88%), fertile tillers number (19.39 and 22.72%), seeds number per spike (7.76 and 15.76%), seed weight per spike (6.38 and 7.86) and grain yield (7.66 and 15.29%) were recorded under the moderate drought stress and full drought stress, respectively as compared to non-stress conditions. Also moderate drought stress and full drought significantly increased the proline content (26.45 and 45.71%, respectively) and polyphenol oxidase (13.09 and 20.81%, respectively). Tektaz, Tirgan and Aftab cultivars had the highest water use efficiency and the water use efficiency increased under drought stress conditions. In general, the results showed that the wheat cultivars ‘Taktaz’ showed the highest yield potential followed by the Tirgan in both non-stress and moderate drought stress conditions and in moderate drought stress and full drought stress, Tektaz and Aftab cultivars were superior in terms of investigated traits and with regard to the higher tolerance of the cultivars to drought stress, the use of these cultivars in areas with limited humidity deserves long-term research with more details.

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