بررسي صفات کيفي، فيزيولوژيکی و عملکرد غده در 30 ژنوتيپ سيب¬زميني در شرايط منطقه اردبیل
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیداود حسن پناه 1 , احمدموسی پورگرجی 2
1 - دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اردبیل - بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان
2 - دانشیار بخش تحقیقات سبزی، صیفی و حبوبات آبی، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
کلید واژه: عملکرد غده, مقدار پروتئین غده, درصد ماده خشک غده, مقدار ویتامین ث غده,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور ارزیابی عملکرد غده و صفات مرتبط با کیفیت غده، تعداد 30 ژنوتیپ سيب‌زميني در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي در سه تكرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات سیب زمینی کشور مستقر در شهرستان اردبیل در سال 1400 بررسی شدند. در طی دوران رشد و پس از برداشت صفات عملکرد غده، میزان قند محلول غده، میزان پرولین غده، درصد نشاسته غده، مقدار پروتئین غده، درصد ماده خشک غده، میزان پلی فنیل اکسیداز غده، میزان کاتالاز غده، میزان سوپراکسیددیسموتاز غده، مقدار فیبر غده، میزان نیتروژن غده، مقدار چربی غده، مقدار ویتامین ث غده، میزان قند احیاء کننده غده، شكل غده، عمق چشم غده، رنگ پوست و گوشت غده، حفره ای شدن مرکز غده، زنگ داخلي غده، تیپ پخت، تغيير رنگ گوشت غده خام بعد از 24 سـاعت و رسیدگی بر اساس دستورالعمل ملی آزمونهای تعییـن ارزش زراعی ارقـام سیبزمینی اندازه گیری شدند. بین ژنوتیپ ها از لحاظ کلیه صفات اندازه گیری شده اختلاف معنی دار مشاهده شد. بیشترین عملکرد غده مربوط به ژنوتیپ های 3-7009، رونا، تکتا، 905675 و 112-8707 بود. ژنوتیپ های پرمحصول دارای میزان پرولین غده، میزان کاتالاز غده، مقدار چربی غده و میزان سوپراکسید دیسموتاز غده بیشتر، میزان قند محلول و احیاءکننده غده قابل قبول، عمق چشم غده سطحی، حفره‌اي شدن مركز غده خیلی جزئی و زنگ داخلی غده خیلی کم بودند. ژنوتیپ های رونا، تکتا، 905675 و 112-8707 از گروه رسیدگی متوسط دیررس و ژنوتیپ 3-7009 از گروه رسیدگی متوسط زودرس هستند. ژنوتیپ های 3-7009 و 905675 دارای ماده خشک بین 21 تا 21/99 درصد با شکل غده گرد، مناسب برای چیپس، ژنوتیپ 112-8707 با درصد ماده خشک غده بیشتر از 22 درصد با شکل غده تخم مرغی کشیده مناسب برای فرنچ فرایز، ژنوتیپ رونا با درصد ماده خشک غده بیشتر از 22 درصد با شکل غده گرد تخم مرغی مناسب برای چیپس و و ژنوتیپ تکتا با درصد ماده خشک غده بین 18 تا 20 درصد با شکل غده گرد تخم مرغی مناسب برای سالاد و کنسرو تعیین شدند. ژنوتیپ های رونا و 3-7009 دارای بیشترین مقدار پروتئین و ویتامین ث غده بودند.
In order to evaluate tuber yield and traits related to tuber quality, 30 potato genotypes were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Potato Research Station of the countrylocated in Ardabil city during 2021 year. During the growing season and after harvest traits of tuber yield, tuber soluble sugar amount, tuber proline amount, tuber starch percentage, tuber protein amount, tuber dry matter percentage, tuber polyphenol oxidase activities amount, tuber catalase amount, tuber superoxide dismutase amount, tuber fiber amount, tuber nitrogen amount, tuber fat amount, tuber vitamin c amount, tuber reducing sugar content, tuber eye depth, tuber shape, tuber skin and flesh color, tuber hollow heart, tuber inner ring, baking type, discolored of raw tuber flesh after 24 h and maturity were measured according to the National Guidelines for Determining the Field Value Tests. There was a significant difference between genotypes in terms of all measured traits. The highest tuber yield was related to genotypes 7009-3, Rona, Takta, 905675 and 8707-112. High-yield genotypes had higher tuber proline amount, tuber catalase amount, tuber fat amount, tuber superoxide dismutase amount and acceptable tuber reducing sugar content, tuber eye depth, tuber hollow heart very minor and the internal rust of the tuber was very low. The Rona, Takta, 905675 and 8707-112 genotypes belong to the moderately late maturity group and 7009-3 genotypes belong to the moderately early maturity group. Genotypes 7009-3 and 905675 with dry matter between 21 to 21.99% with round tuber shape, suitable for chips, 8707-112 genotype with more than 22% tuber dry matter percentage and long oval tuber shape, suitable for French-fries, Rona genotype with more than 22% tuber dry matter percentage and round oval tuber shape, suitable for chips, and and Takta genotype with a percentage of tuber dry matter between 18 to 20% with the oval round tuber shape, suitable for salads and canned were determined. Genotypes 7009-3 and Rona had the highest tuber protein and tuber vitamin c amount.
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