بررسی اثربخشی نانوذرات و قارچ‌کش‌های تجاری در مهار رشد عوامل پوسیدگی طوقه و ریشه درختان پسته
محورهای موضوعی : آفات و بيماري هاي گياهي
جلال شعبانی
1
,
فاطمه حسن زاده داورانی
2
*
,
امیرحسین محمدی
3
1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد بیماری شناسی گیاهی، واحد رفسنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، رفسنجان، ايران.
2 - گروه گیاهپزشکی،واحد رفسنجان،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،رفسنجان،ایران
3 - Horticultural Science Research Institute, Pistachio Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rafsanjan, Iran
کلید واژه: نانو ذره مس, کیتوزان , قارچ کش, , مدیریت, فیتوفتورا ,
چکیده مقاله :
پوسیدگی طوقه و ریشه یکی از بیماری‌های رایج درختان پسته در ایران است که عامل آن گونه‌های مختلف جنس Phytophthora می‌باشند. در این پژوهش، اثر کیتوزان، نانوذره مس، نانوذره کیتوزان-مس و قارچ‌کش‌های ثبت‌شده شامل اکسی‌کلرور مس، فوزتیل آلومینیوم و متالاکسیل-مانکوزب در غلظت‌های صفر، 10، 50، 100، 500، 1000 و 2000 پی‌پی‌ام بر رشد شعاعی، تولید اسپورانژیوم و زئوسپور دو گونه بیمارگر Phytophthora drechsleri (Pd) و Phytophthora citrophthora (Pc) در شرایط آزمایشگاهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای ارزیابی رشد شعاعی از محیط کشت V8 و برای بررسی تولید اسپورانژیوم از محیط LBA استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت قارچ‌کش‌ها، رشد شعاعی، تولید اسپورانژیوم و زئوسپور در هر دو گونه به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. کمترین رشد شعاعی Pd در تیمار اکسی‌کلرور مس و بیشترین آن در تیمارهای کیتوزان و نانوذره کیتوزان-مس مشاهده شد. همچنین کمترین تعداد اسپورانژیوم Pd در غلظت‌های 1000 و 2000 پی‌پی‌ام به‌دست آمد. در مورد Pc، کمترین رشد شعاعی در تیمار فوزتیل آلومینیوم و بیشترین آن در تیمارهای نانوذره مس و نانوذره مس-کیتوزان مشاهده گردید. در تیمارهای کیتوزان، نانوذره مس و نانوذره مس-کیتوزان، کمترین تعداد زئوسپور در غلظت‌های 500 تا 2000 پی‌پی‌ام ثبت شد. بر اساس یافته‌ها، تیمار اکسی‌کلرور مس بیشترین تأثیر را در کاهش رشد رویشی، تولید اسپورانژیوم و زئوسپور گونه‌های Pd و Pc نشان داد و می‌تواند به‌عنوان گزینه‌ای مؤثر در مدیریت بیماری پوسیدگی طوقه و ریشه پسته مطرح گردد.
Abstract Crown and root rot is one of the most prevalent diseases affecting pistachio trees in Iran, primarily caused by various species of the genus Phytophthora. This study investigated the effects of chitosan, copper nanoparticles, chitosan-copper nanoparticles, and registered fungicides including copper oxychloride, fosetyl-aluminum, and metalaxyl-mancozeb at concentrations of 0, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm on radial growth, sporangium production, and zoospore formation of two pathogenic species: Phytophthora drechsleri (Pd) and Phytophthora citrophthora (Pc) under in vitro conditions. Radial growth was assessed using V8 agar medium, while sporangium production was evaluated on LBA medium. The results revealed that increasing fungicide concentrations significantly reduced radial growth, sporangium production, and zoospore formation in both species. The lowest radial growth of Pd was observed with copper oxychloride treatment, whereas the highest was recorded with chitosan and chitosan-copper nanoparticle treatments. The minimum sporangium count for Pd occurred at 1000 and 2000 ppm. For Pc, the lowest radial growth was found in fosetyl-aluminum treatment, while the highest was in copper and copper-chitosan nanoparticle treatments. Zoospore production was lowest in treatments with chitosan, copper nanoparticles, and copper-chitosan nanoparticles at concentrations ranging from 500 to 2000 ppm. Based on these findings, copper oxychloride demonstrated the most effective inhibition of vegetative growth, sporangium production, and zoospore formation in both Pd and Pc, suggesting its potential as a promising agent for managing pistachio crown and root rot disease.
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