تاثیر حشره کش های غیرشیمیایی مختلف بر کنترل پسیل معمولی پسته (Agonoscena pistaciae) در مطالعات موردی
محورهای موضوعی : آفات و بيماري هاي گياهي
نجمه عظیمی زاده
1
(عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رفسنجان)
کلید واژه: آفت کش گیاهی, آفت‌کش معدنی, پسیل معمولی پسته, کنترل,
چکیده مقاله :
پسیل معمولی پسته، Agonoscena pistaciae آفت کلیدی باغات پسته در کشور ایران می باشد. اهمیت این آفت در حدی است که باغداران به ناچار برای مبارزه با آن از سموم شیمیایی در مقدار زیاد استفاده می کنند و این موضوع، علاوه برآلودگی زیست محیطی، باعث از بین رفتن دشمنان طبیعی می شود و در دراز مدت می تواند باعث طغیان آفات باغات پسته شود. آفت¬کش¬های سازگار با محیط زیست که دارای منشأ طبیعی هستند، قادرند بدون اثر سمی و زیان آور به محیط زیست به طور مؤثری آفات را نابود کنند و با بکارگیری صحیح قادرند موجب کاهش قابل ملاحظه مصرف سموم شوند، لذا با توجه به کم خطر بودن حشره کش های غیرشیمیایی برای انسان و محیط زیست و برتری این ترکیبات نسبت به ترکیبات شیمیایی در برابر وقوع پدیده مقاومت آفت نسبت به حشره کش های شیمیایی در این پژوهش ها اثرات حشره کشی ترکیبات معدنی گوگرد جامد، لایم سولفور، اسید بوریک، کائولین، سورفکتانت غیریونی و سیلیکات پتاسیم و ترکیبات گیاهی مانند ماترین، گل جعفری، خارخسک و... روی پوره های پسیل پسته مورد بررسی و پژوهش قرار گرفت. این پژوهش ها در قالب طرح بلوک کاملا تصادفی و در شرایط باغ و آزمایشگاه انجام شد. این ترکیبات با غلظت ها و بازه های زمانی مشخص، مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت و نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر زیادی روی کنترل جمعیت پسیل پسته داشته است. بنابراین آفت‌کش‌های مورد استفاده می‌توانند کنترل قابل قبولی در مدیریت تلفیقی پسیل معمولی پسته داشته باشند.
Common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is the key pest of pistachio orchards in Iran. The importance of this pest is such that gardeners inevitably use chemical poisons in large quantities to fight it, and this issue, in addition to environmental pollution, causes the destruction of natural enemies and in the long run can cause an outbreak of garden pests. be pistachios Eco-friendly pesticides, which have natural origin, are able to effectively destroy pests without toxic and harmful effects on the environment, and with proper use, they are able to significantly reduce the consumption of poisons, therefore, considering the low The danger of non-chemical insecticides for humans and the environment and the superiority of these compounds over chemical compounds against the phenomenon of pest resistance to chemical insecticides in these studies, the insecticidal effects of mineral compounds of solid sulfur, lime sulfur, boric acid, kaolin , non-ionic surfactant and potassium silicate and plant compounds such as matrine, parsley, thistle, etc. were investigated and researched on pistachio psyllium nymphs. These researches were conducted in the form of completely randomized block design and in garden and laboratory conditions. These compounds were tested with specific concentrations and time intervals, and the results showed that they had a great effect on the control of the pistachio psyllium population. Therefore, the pesticides used can have an acceptable control in the integrated management of common pistachio psyllium.
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