تحلیلی بر راهکارهای مدیریت منابع آب کشاورزی در شرایط خشکسالی در استان آذربایجان غربی

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزی

مسلم سواری ¹ (دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی،‌ دانشکده مهندسی زراعی و عمران روستایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران)
محمد شوکتی آمقانی ² (استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس،‌ تهران،‌ ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/11/17 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/07/19 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/11/01

کلید واژه: توسعه روستایی, استان آذربایجان غربی, مدیریت اراضی, توسعه کشاورزی, مدیریت آب,

چکیده مقاله :

مقدمه و هدف: یکی از بحران‏های مهمی که امروزه بشر را تهدید می‏کند مسئله بحران کمبود آب است و بخش کشاورزی به عنوان عمده‏ترین مصرف کننده آب باید در فکر ایجاد راهکاری جدید برای جبران کمبودها و اتخاذ راهکارهای مدیریتی ویژه در راستای تولید محصول بیشتر به ازای هر واحد حجمی آب باشد. در این راستا این تحقیق با هدف کلی راهکارهای مدیریت منابع آب کشاورزی در شرایط خشکسالی انجام شد.
مواد و روش‏ها: جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه کشاورزان کوچک مقیاس در استان آذربایجان غربی بودند. حجم نمونه با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان 430 نفر از سرپرستان خانوارهای روستایی کوچک مقیاس با استفاده از روش نمونه‏گیری طبقه‏ای چند مرحله‏ای با انتساب متناسب برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند.
یافته‏ ها: نتایج نشان داد مهمترین راهکار در بخش فنی و تکنیکی شامل «استفاده از آبیاری قطره‏ای جهت جلوگیری از تبخیر خاک»، در راهکار مدیریت خاک «تسطیح اراضی جهت آبیاری یکنواخت»، در راهکار مدیریتی «نگهداری بهتر از کانال‏ها و تجهیزات آبیاری»، در راهکار حقوقی - اقتصادی «کاهش یارانه‏های بخش آب و قیمت‏گذاری آن» و در راهکار زراعی «انتخاب ارقامی که با مصرف آب کمتر» بود. همچنین نتایج مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که ترتیب اهمیت راهکارها شامل زراعی، فنی و تکنیکی، مدیریت خاک، حقوقی و مدیریتی می‏باشد.
بحث و نتیجه‏گیری: در این تحقیق به این نتیجه رسیدیم که برای اجرای راهکارهای مدیریت منابع آب، علاوه بر سازمان‏های محلی و مردمی، نقش دولت نیز بسیار مهم است زیرا مدیریت پایدار آب نیازمند راهکارهایی است که فراتر از توان اقتصادی جوامع محلی است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This study was conducted with the general aim of agricultural water resources management strategies in drought conditions. The statistical population of the study included all small-scale farmers in West Azerbaijan province. By using Krejcie and Morgan Table, 430 people were selected by stratified sampling with optimum allocation. The main research tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability. Data analysis was performed in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS and LISREL8.54 software. The results showed that the most important solution in the technical part includes "using drip irrigation to prevent soil evaporation", in soil management strategy "leveling lands for uniform irrigation", in management strategy "better maintenance of irrigation canals and equipment" In the legal solution "reduction of subsidies for the water sector and its pricing" and in the agricultural solution "selection of cultivars with less water consumption.

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