تاثیر نوع بستر کشت و اسید هیومیک بر برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و مصرف آب گیاه سدوم دم عقربی(Carpobrotus edulis L.) روی یک سیستم بام سبز
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکسیده ملیحه ربانی خیرخواه 1 , فاطمه کاظمی 2
1 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 - گروه باغبانی و فضای سبز ، دانشکده کشاورزی ، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران
کلید واژه: نیاز آبی, کارایی مصرف آب, پوشش‌دهی گیاه, سیستم بام سبز, نتونیت,
چکیده مقاله :
سلامت گیاهان درشرایط بام سبز آن تا حد زیادی وابسته به تامین آب مورد نیازگیاهان است. ترکیبات بستر کشت، در حفظ و در دسترس قرار گرفتن رطوبت برای گیاه موثرند و یکی از راهکارها جهت کاهش مصرف آب در بام سبز، اصلاح بستر کشت است. در این پژوهش، نیاز آبی و برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک گیاه سدوم دم عقربی (Carpobrotus edulis L.) تحت تیمارهای بستر کشت و مقدار اسید هیومیک بررسی گردید. این تحقیق درقالب آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار از اردیبهشت تا شهریور 1399 به صورت کشت در جعبه‌های کشت در شرایط بام سبز در شهر مشهد انجام شد. عامل اول بسترهای کشت (شامل بستر کشت حاوی خاک شامل بستر کشت 1 (خاک 20%+20% لیکا+20% پرلیت+ پوکه معدنی+20% خاکبرگ)، بستر کشت 2 (بستر کشت1+ 6% بنتونیت) و بستر کشت 3 (بستر کشت 1+ 12% وزنی بنتونیت) و بسترهای کشت بدون خاک شامل بستر کشت 4 (پوکه معدنی 27%+ 27% لیکا+ 27% پرلیت+ 20 درصد خاکبرگ)، بستر کشت 5 (بستر کشت4+ 6% بنتونیت) و بستر کشت 6 (بستر کشت 4+ 12% وزنی بنتونیت) و عامل دوم غلظت اسید هیومیک (شامل صفر ، 100 و 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) بود و اسید هیومیک هر 15 روز به صورت کود آبیاری به گیاهان داده شد. نتایج نشان داد بسترهای حاوی خاک به طور قابل‌توجهی نسبت به بسترهای بدون خاک بهتر عمل کردند. بالاترین میزان پوشش‌دهی گیاهان و طول و حجم ریشه در بستر کشت 3 (حاوی خاک و 12% وزنی بنتونیت) رویت شد. بالاترین محتوی آب برگ و کلروفیل و کمترین کمبود اشباع نسبی، مقادیر کارتنوئید، فنول و کربوهیدرات برگ در بستر کشت 3 (حاوی خاک و 12% وزنی بنتونیت) مشاهده شد. تیمار 200 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر اسید هیومیک با بهترین عملکرد رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاهان همراه بود. تیمار خاک 20%+20% لیکا+20% پرلیت+ پوکه معدنی+20% + 12% وزنی بنتونیت همراه با 200 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر اسید هیومیک، گیاهانی با مصرف بهینه آب حاصل آورد. وجود خاک و سوپرجاذب معدنی بنتونیت در بستر کشت بام سبز از نظر نگه داشت رطوبت اهمیت ویژه داشته و البته تغذیه تکمیلی گیاهان در بام سبز نیز موجب بهبود عملکرد گیاهان در بام سبز می‌گردد.
The health of plants in green roof conditions depends to a large extent on the supply of water required by plants. The composition of the substrate is effective in maintaining the moisture and making it available to the plant, and one of the solutions to reduce water consumption in the green roof is improving the substrate. In this study, water requirement and some morphophysiological traits of Carpobrotus edulis L. were studied under substrate and humic acid treatment. The research was conducted in green roof box conditions as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications from May to September 2020 in Mashhad. The first factor was substrate including Substrate 1 (soil 20% + 20% Leica + 20% perlite + mineral pumice + 20% leaf soil), Substrate 2 (substrate 1 + 6% by weight of bentonite), Substrate 3 (substrate 1+ 12% by weight of bentonite), soilless Substrate 4 (27% mineral pumice + 27% Leica + 27% perlite + 20% leaf soil), Substrate 5 (substrate 4 + 6% by weight bentonite), and Substrate 6 (substrate 4+ 12% by weight of bentonite). The second factor was the concentration of humic acid (0, 100, and 200 mg L-1) applied as fertigation every 15 days. Soil-containing substrates performed significantly better than soilless substrates and the highest coverage, root length, and volume of green roof plants were observed in substrate 3 (containing soil and 12% by weight of bentonite). The highest leaf water and chlorophyll contents and the lowest relative saturation deficit, carotenoids, phenols, and leaf carbohydrates were observed in Substrate 3, which show the physiological stability of the plant under stress conditions, was evident in substrate 3. Application of 200 mg/L humic acid was associated with the best growth and physiological performance of plants. A substrate rich in moisture and nutrients, including 20% Soil + 20% Leica + 20% perlite +20% mineral pumice + 12% w bentonite + 200 mg/L humic acid resulted in the plants with optimal water consumption. The presence of soil and mineral superabsorbent (bentonite) in the green roof substrate is especially important in terms of moisture retention, and of course, the supplementary nutrition of plants in the green roof also improves their performance in the green roof.
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Abedini, T., Moradi, P. and Hani, A. (2015). Effect of organic fertilizer and foliar application of humic acid on some quantitative and qualitative yield of Pot marigold. Journal of Novel Applied Sciences.10:1100-1103.
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Allahdadi, A.B., Ghamsari, M., Akbari, G.A. and Zohourmehr, M. (2005). Study the effect of different levels of super absorbent polymer and irrigation on corn (Zea mays L.) growth and yield. 3th Congress on Super Absorbent Hydrogel Application in Agriculture. Research Center for Polymer and Petrochemical of Iran. (In Persian with English Summary).
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Barrs, H. D. and Weatherley, P. E. (1962). A reexamination of the relative turgidity technique for the estimating of water deficits in leaves. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences. 15: 413-428.
Baryła, A., Gnatowski, T., Karczmarczyk, A. and Szatylowicz, J. (2019). Changes in temperature and moisture content of an extensive-type green roof. Sustainability. 11: 2498.
Bevilacqua, P., Coma, J., Pérez, G., Chocarro, C., Juárez, A., Solé, C., De Simone, M. and Cabeza, L. F. (2015). Plant cover and floristic composition effect on thermal behaviour of extensive green roofs. Building and Environment. 92: 305–316. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.04.026.
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Bianchini, F. and Hewage, K. (2012). How green are the green roofs? Lifecycle analysis of green roof materials. Building and Environment. 48:57–65.
Bidgoli, Z. (2016). Investigation of the use of superabsorbent in the amount of water retention on the green roof. Master Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan (In Persian).
Cacco, G., Attina, E., Gelsomino, A. and Sidari, M. (2000). Effect of nitrate and humic substances of different molecular size on kietic parameters of nitrate uptake in wheat seedlings. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science’s. 163: 313-320.
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Cascone, S. (2019). Green Roof Design: State of the Art on Technology and Materials. Sustainability. 11: 3020, 1-28. doi:10.3390/su11113020.
Dalvand, M. (2016). The effect of humic acid on seed germination, growth indices and drought stress in parsley, Master Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Arak University (In Persian).
Deenavarman, M. , Lourdusamy, D. K. , Thangaselvabai T. and Venkatesan, K. (2018). "Effect of different media incorporated with Pusa hydrogel on growth and watering frequency of potted foliage plant, Arrowhead (Syngonium podophyllum Schott.). Journal of Agriculture and Ecology. pp. 71-76.
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