برهمکنش شوری و کروم بر پیگمان‌ها و عملکرد فتوسیستم II خرفه (Portulaca oleracea L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکزهرا طالب زاده 1 , راهله رهباریان 2 , محبت نداف 3 , حمید سبحانیان 4
1 - دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران ، ایران
2 - دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران ، ایران
3 - دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران ، ایران
4 - دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران ، ایران
کلید واژه: کلروفیل, شوری, خرفه, دی کرومات پتاسیم, Fv/Fm و نشت یونی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی برهمکنش تنش شوری و کروم بر برخی شاخص‌های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه خرفه بود. در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 3 تکرار و 4 سطح شوری (0، 4، 8 و 12 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) با استفاده از کلرید‌سدیم هر 4 روز از طریق آبیاری و 5 سطح کروم (0، 7، 14، 21 و 28 میلی‌گرم بر کیلو‌گرم وزن خشک خاک) آزمایش انجام شد و قبل از کشت بذر در خاک با افزایش دی کرومات پتاسیم به خاک سطوح مختلف تیمار کروم تهیه شد. مقادیر نشت یونی، وزن تر و خشک و سطح برگ‌ها، کلروفیل a، b و کل، ضریب ثبات کلروفیل، کارتنوئید، کارایی فتوسیستم II و مقدار آب نسبی برگ‌ها پس از 60 روز از کشت گیاهان اندازه‌گیری و سنجش شدند. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش سطوح مختلف کروم و شوری روند کاهشی معنی‌داری (05/0P≤) در وزن تر و خشک، سطح برگ، کلروفیل a، b و کل، کارتنوئید، کارایی فتوسیستم II مشاهده شد. کمترین میزان کارایی فتوسیستم II و بیشترین میزان نشت یونی در سطوح شوری 12 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر و کروم 28 میلی‌گرم بر کیلو‌گرم مشاهده گردید. برهمکنش شوری و کروم بر مقادیر کلروفیل و وزن تر و خشک و سطح برگ اثر کاهشی معنی‌داری داشت، همچنین تنش ترکیبی بالاترین سطح کروم و شوری (شوری 12 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر و کروم 28 میلی‌گرم بر کیلو‌گرم)، باعث کاهش بیشتر نسبت به دو تنش به تنهایی شد. اگرچه شوری و کروم سبب کاهش رشد برگ‌های خرفه گردید.
The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of salinity and chromium stress on some morphological and physiological characteristics of portulaca oleracea. In a completely randomized design with 3 replications and 4 salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m) using sodium chloride every 4 days through irrigation and 5 levels of chromium (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 mg/ml). Kg (dry weight of soil) experiment was performed and before sowing seeds in soil with increasing potassium dichromate to soil, different levels of chromium treatment were prepared. The values of ion leakage, fresh and dry weight and leaf area, chlorophyll a, b and total, chlorophyll stability coefficient, carotenoids, photosystem II efficiency and relative water content of leaves were measured after 60 days of planting. The results showed that with increasing different levels of chromium and salinity, a significant decreasing trend (P≤0.05) was observed in fresh and dry weight, leaf area, chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoids, photosystem II efficiency. The lowest efficiency of photosystem II and the highest rate of ion leakage were observed at salinity levels of 12 dS/m and chromium 28 mg/kg. The interaction of salinity and chromium had a significant decreasing effect on chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight and leaf area. Was alone. However, salinity and chromium reduced the growth of portulaca oleracea leaves.
Ali, F., Zeng, S., Cai, B., Qiu, G. and Zhang, Z. (2011). The interaction of salinity and chromium in the influenceof barley growth and oxidative stress. Plant Soil Environment., 57(4): 153–159.
Bassi, M., Corradi, MG. and Realini, M. (1990). Effects of chromium (VI) on two freshwater plants. Lemna minor and Pistia stratiotes, 1, Morphological observations. Cytobios. 62: 27–38.
Chatterjee, J., Kumar, P., Nand, P., Kumar, R. and Tewari, T. (2015). Chromium toxicity induces oxidative stress in turnip. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology. 20: 220–226.
Clijsters, H. and Van Assche, F. (1983). Inhibition of photosynthesis by heavy metals. Plant sciences. 7: 31–40.
Dias, MC., Monteiro, C., Moutinho-Pereira, J., Correia, C., Goncalves, B. and Santos, C. (2013). Cadmium toxicity affects photosynthesis and plant growth at different levels. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 35: 1281–1289.
Ghorbani, H. (2016). Effect of different salinity levels and heavy elements of lead and cadmium on growth/ photosynthetic pigments and sodium and potassium levels in spinach. Science and Technology of Greenhouse Cultures in the Seventh Year. 25: 15-24.
Hayat, Gh., Irfan, M., ShafiWani, A., Nath Tripathi, B. and Ahmad, A. (2012). Physiological changes induced by chromium stress in plants: an overview. Protoplasma. 249(3): 599-611.
Holm, L.G., Plucknett, D.L., Pancho, J.V. and Herberger, J.P., (1977). The world’s worst weeds: distribution and biology. East-West Center and University Press of Hawaii. Honolulu, pages:609-617.
Janmohammadi, M., Bihamta, BM. and Ghasemzadeh, F. (2013). Influence of Rhizobacteria Inoculation and Lead Stress on the Physiological and Biochemical Attributes of Wheat Genotypes. Cercetariagronomice in moldova (Agronomic research in moldavia). 46(1): 49-67.
Joshi1, N., Menon, P. and Joshi, A. (2019). Effect of chromium on germination in some crops of India. Journal of Agricultural Science and Botany. 3(1): 1-5.
Karimi Afshar, A., Baghizadeh, A. and Mohammadinejad, Q. (1394). Physiological evaluation of drought tolerance of two cumin green ecotypes under greenhouse conditions. Science and Technology of Greenhouse Crops. 6(23): 175-184.
Kumamoto, J., Scora, R.W., Clerx, A., Matsumura, A., Layfield, D. and Grieve, M. (1990) Purslane: A potential new vegetable croprich in omega-3 fatty acid with a controllable sodium chloridecontent. Proceedings of the First International Conference on New Industrial Crops and Products. pages: 229–233.
Masoodi, M., Ahmad, B., Mir, Sh. and Zarger, B. (2011). Portulaca oleraceae L. A Review. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 4(30): 44-3048.
Maxwell, K. and Johnson, G.N. (2000). Chlorophyll fluorescence - a practical guide. J Exp Bot. 51: 659-668.
Murtaza1, S., Zafar Iqbal1, M., Shafiq, M., Kabir, M. and Farooqi, Z. (2018). Effects of Chromium on seed germination and seedling growth of Mung bean Vigna radiate (L.) R. wilczek (Fabaceae). Life Science Informatics Publications. 4(6): 357-364.
Okafor, I., Ayalokunrin, A. and Lovina Abu, O. (2014). International Journal of Biomedical ResearchISSN: 0976-9633(Online) Journal Portulacaoleracea (Purslane) plant Its nature and biomedical benefits. International Journal of Biomedical Research. 05(02): 75-80.
Rafiei, M., Madah Hosseini, Sh., Hamidpour M. and MohammadiMirik, A. (2018). Interaction of sodium and cadmium chloride on some physiological traits and sodium and cadmium content of Portulaca oleracea root and shoots. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production. 8( 4): 43-60.
Rahbarian, R., Azizi, A., Behdad, A. and Mirblok, A. (1398). Portulaca oleracea L/ tolerance to chromium stress based on growth/ photosynthetic indices and antioxidant enzyme activity Al-Zahra University Journal of Applied Biology, Applied Biology. 32(1): 161-172.
Shanker, AK., Cervantes, C., Loza-Tavera, H. and Avudainayagam S. (2005). Chromium toxicity in plants. Environment Internation. 31: 739-753.
Shobeiri, S. F., Sharei, S., Heidari, A. and Kianbakht, S. (2009). Portulaca oleracea L. in the treatment of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding: a Pilot clinical trial/ Phytotherapy. 23(10): 1411-1414.
Talebzadeh Z., Rahbarian R., Nadaf M., Sobhanian H. (2021) The interaction effect of sodium chloride and chromium on some physiological characteristics of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). Plant Environmental Physiology. 16(61): 17-26.
Uddin, M.K., Juraimi, A.S., Anwar, F., Hossain, M.A. and Alam, M.A. (2012). Effect of salinity on proximate mineral composition of purslane (Portulca oleracea L.). Australian Journal of Crop Science. 6:1732-1736.
Vajpayee, P., Tripathi, R.D., Rai, U.N., Ali, M.B. and Singh, S.N. (2000). Chromium (VI) accumulation reduces chlorophyll biosynthesis/ nitrate reductase activity and protein content in Nymphaea alba L. Chemosphere. 41(7): 1075-82.
Wang, Y., Illingworth, R., Connor, S. and Connor, W. (2010). Competitive inhibition of carotenoid transport and tissue concentrations by high dose supplements of lutein, zeaxanthin and beta-carotene. European Journal of Nutrition. 49(6): 327-36.
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Ali, F., Zeng, S., Cai, B., Qiu, G. and Zhang, Z. (2011). The interaction of salinity and chromium in the influenceof barley growth and oxidative stress. Plant Soil Environment., 57(4): 153–159.
Bassi, M., Corradi, MG. and Realini, M. (1990). Effects of chromium (VI) on two freshwater plants. Lemna minor and Pistia stratiotes, 1, Morphological observations. Cytobios. 62: 27–38.
Chatterjee, J., Kumar, P., Nand, P., Kumar, R. and Tewari, T. (2015). Chromium toxicity induces oxidative stress in turnip. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology. 20: 220–226.
Clijsters, H. and Van Assche, F. (1983). Inhibition of photosynthesis by heavy metals. Plant sciences. 7: 31–40.
Dias, MC., Monteiro, C., Moutinho-Pereira, J., Correia, C., Goncalves, B. and Santos, C. (2013). Cadmium toxicity affects photosynthesis and plant growth at different levels. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 35: 1281–1289.
Ghorbani, H. (2016). Effect of different salinity levels and heavy elements of lead and cadmium on growth/ photosynthetic pigments and sodium and potassium levels in spinach. Science and Technology of Greenhouse Cultures in the Seventh Year. 25: 15-24.
Hayat, Gh., Irfan, M., ShafiWani, A., Nath Tripathi, B. and Ahmad, A. (2012). Physiological changes induced by chromium stress in plants: an overview. Protoplasma. 249(3): 599-611.
Holm, L.G., Plucknett, D.L., Pancho, J.V. and Herberger, J.P., (1977). The world’s worst weeds: distribution and biology. East-West Center and University Press of Hawaii. Honolulu, pages:609-617.
Janmohammadi, M., Bihamta, BM. and Ghasemzadeh, F. (2013). Influence of Rhizobacteria Inoculation and Lead Stress on the Physiological and Biochemical Attributes of Wheat Genotypes. Cercetariagronomice in moldova (Agronomic research in moldavia). 46(1): 49-67.
Joshi1, N., Menon, P. and Joshi, A. (2019). Effect of chromium on germination in some crops of India. Journal of Agricultural Science and Botany. 3(1): 1-5.
Karimi Afshar, A., Baghizadeh, A. and Mohammadinejad, Q. (1394). Physiological evaluation of drought tolerance of two cumin green ecotypes under greenhouse conditions. Science and Technology of Greenhouse Crops. 6(23): 175-184.
Kumamoto, J., Scora, R.W., Clerx, A., Matsumura, A., Layfield, D. and Grieve, M. (1990) Purslane: A potential new vegetable croprich in omega-3 fatty acid with a controllable sodium chloridecontent. Proceedings of the First International Conference on New Industrial Crops and Products. pages: 229–233.
Masoodi, M., Ahmad, B., Mir, Sh. and Zarger, B. (2011). Portulaca oleraceae L. A Review. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 4(30): 44-3048.
Maxwell, K. and Johnson, G.N. (2000). Chlorophyll fluorescence - a practical guide. J Exp Bot. 51: 659-668.
Murtaza1, S., Zafar Iqbal1, M., Shafiq, M., Kabir, M. and Farooqi, Z. (2018). Effects of Chromium on seed germination and seedling growth of Mung bean Vigna radiate (L.) R. wilczek (Fabaceae). Life Science Informatics Publications. 4(6): 357-364.
Okafor, I., Ayalokunrin, A. and Lovina Abu, O. (2014). International Journal of Biomedical ResearchISSN: 0976-9633(Online) Journal Portulacaoleracea (Purslane) plant Its nature and biomedical benefits. International Journal of Biomedical Research. 05(02): 75-80.
Rafiei, M., Madah Hosseini, Sh., Hamidpour M. and MohammadiMirik, A. (2018). Interaction of sodium and cadmium chloride on some physiological traits and sodium and cadmium content of Portulaca oleracea root and shoots. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production. 8( 4): 43-60.
Rahbarian, R., Azizi, A., Behdad, A. and Mirblok, A. (1398). Portulaca oleracea L/ tolerance to chromium stress based on growth/ photosynthetic indices and antioxidant enzyme activity Al-Zahra University Journal of Applied Biology, Applied Biology. 32(1): 161-172.
Shanker, AK., Cervantes, C., Loza-Tavera, H. and Avudainayagam S. (2005). Chromium toxicity in plants. Environment Internation. 31: 739-753.
Shobeiri, S. F., Sharei, S., Heidari, A. and Kianbakht, S. (2009). Portulaca oleracea L. in the treatment of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding: a Pilot clinical trial/ Phytotherapy. 23(10): 1411-1414.
Talebzadeh Z., Rahbarian R., Nadaf M., Sobhanian H. (2021) The interaction effect of sodium chloride and chromium on some physiological characteristics of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). Plant Environmental Physiology. 16(61): 17-26.
Uddin, M.K., Juraimi, A.S., Anwar, F., Hossain, M.A. and Alam, M.A. (2012). Effect of salinity on proximate mineral composition of purslane (Portulca oleracea L.). Australian Journal of Crop Science. 6:1732-1736.
Vajpayee, P., Tripathi, R.D., Rai, U.N., Ali, M.B. and Singh, S.N. (2000). Chromium (VI) accumulation reduces chlorophyll biosynthesis/ nitrate reductase activity and protein content in Nymphaea alba L. Chemosphere. 41(7): 1075-82.
Wang, Y., Illingworth, R., Connor, S. and Connor, W. (2010). Competitive inhibition of carotenoid transport and tissue concentrations by high dose supplements of lutein, zeaxanthin and beta-carotene. European Journal of Nutrition. 49(6): 327-36.