ارزیابی ژنوتیپ‌های برنج (Oryza sativa L.) بر اساس برخی شاخص‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکنسیم رنج کش 1 , مرتضی سام دلیری 2 , پوریا مظلوم 3 , امیرعباس موسوی 4 , ولی الله رامئه 5
1 - گروه زراعت، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران
3 - گروه زراعت، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران
4 - گروه زراعت، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران
5 - گروه تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، ساری، ایران
کلید واژه: تجزیه خوشه‌ای, آنتی‌اکسیدان, بای پلات, فنول کل, تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی,
چکیده مقاله :
برنج یکی از مهمترین محصولات غذایی است که غذای ثابت بیش از نیمی از جمعیت جهان را شامل می‌شود. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی صفاتی نظیر ارتفاع گیاه، طول خوشه، تعداد پنجه مؤثر، تعداد کل دانه، تعداد دانه پر، تعداد دانه پوک، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد اقتصادی، شاخص برداشت، شاخص کلروفیل، دوره رشد، فنول کل، ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی بر اساس 2،2-دی فنیل-1-پیکریل هیدرازیل (DPPH)، با 30 ژنوتیپ برنج در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مؤسسه برنج آمل بود. نتایج نشان داد که ارقام آمل 1 و بیجار از ایران به‌ترتیب دارای فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی و محتوای فنول کل بالاتری نسبت سایر نمونههای مرور شده در این تحقیق بودند. بالاترین تعداد دانه کل، پر و وزن هزار دانه در ژنوتیپ IR56 مشاهده شد. ژنوتیپ ها بر اساس صفات زراعی و با روش UPGMA به پنج خوشه تقسیم شدند. بیشترین میانگین عملکرد مربوط به خوشه چهارم و کمترین آن مربوط به خوشه پنجم بود. تجزیه و تحلیل مؤلفه اصلی، 01/79 درصد از تغییرات کل را توجیه کرد که صفات عملکرد اقتصادی، تعداد دانه کل و تعداد دانه پر بیشترین نقش را ایفا نمودند. دو جزء اصلی، 43 درصد اطلاعات مربوط به داده های خام از صفات مرتبط با عملکرد را ارائه دادند. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که استفاده از صفاتی مانند عملکرد اقتصادی، تعداد دانه کل و تعداد دانه پر می تواند به‌عنوان یک استراتژی اصلاحی جهت نیل به ارقام برنج با عملکرد بالا به کار گرفته شود.
Rice is one of the most important food crop which is the staple food for more than half of the world population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties such as plant height, panicle length, number of effective tillers, total number of grains, number of filled grains, number of unfilled grains, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, economic yield, harvest index, chlorophyll index, growth period, total Phenol (TP), antioxidant capacity based on 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picryl Hydrazil (DPPH) with 30 rice genotypes in a randomized complete block design in the experimental field of Amol Rice Research Institute. Results showed that Amol 1 and Bijar rice varieties had significantly higher antioxidant activities and total phenolic than the other samples examined in this study, respectively. The highest total number of grains, number of filled grains and 1000-grain weight were observed in genotype IR56. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters based on agronomic traits using UPGMA method. The highest mean of yield was related to the fourth cluster and the lowest of this attribute was related to the fifth cluster. Principal components analysis (PCA) explained 79.01% of variation and economic yield, total number of grains, and number of filled grains played the main Experimental Field role. Two principal components accounted for 43% of the raw data of the yield-related traits. The results of this research indicated that use of economic yield, total number of grains, and number of filled grains could be applied as a breeding strategy to obtain high yield rice cultivars.
Allahgholipour, M. (2017). Study of genotype-environment interaction in rice genotypes with GGE biplot. Journal of Cereal Research. 6 (1): 1-14.
Abouzari-Gazafroudi, A., Honarnezhad, R. and Fotokian, M. H. (2008). Study of Genetic diversity in rice cultivars using morphological traits data. Journal of Research and Development. 21 (1): 110-117.
Arab, F.A., Alamzadeh, V. and Maghsoudi,V. (2013). Antioxidant activity of rice bran extract. 20th Congress of Food Science and Technology. Sharif University of Technology. 1-6.
Aljumaili, S.J., Rafii, M.Y., Latif, M.A., Sakimin, Z.S., Arolu, I.W. and Miah, G. (2018). Genetic diversity of aromatic rice germplasm revealed by SSR markers. BioMed Research International. Hindawi. 2018: 1-11.
Anis, G., EL-Sabagh, A., Ghareb, A. and EL-Rewainy. I. (2016). Evaluation of promising lines in rice (Oryza sativa L.) to agronomic and genetic performance under egyptian conditions. International Journal of Agricultural Research. 3: 52-57.
Balasubramanian, V., Morales, A.C., Cruz, R.T., Thiyagarajan, T.M., Nagarajan, R. Babu, M., Abdulrahman, S. and Hai, L.H. (2000). Adaptation of the chlorophyll meter (SPAD) technology for real-time N management in rice: A review. Institute Rice Research. Notes. 25 (1): 4-8.
Bonelli, L.E., Monzon, J.P., Cerrudo, A., Rizzalli, R.H. and Andrade, F.H. (2016). Maize grain yield components and source-sink relationship as affected by the delay in sowing date. Field Crops Research. 198: 215-225.
Chen, X.Q., Nagao N., Itani T. and Irifune, K. (2012). Anti-oxidative analysis, and identification and quantification of anthocyanin pigments in different coloured rice. Food Chemistry. 135: 2783-2788.
Ebrahimzadeh, M.A., Nabavi, S.M., Nabavi, S. F. and Eslami, S.H. (2010). Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of culinary-medicinal mushrooms, golden chanterelle Cantharellus cibarius and angel’s wings Pleurotus porrigens. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms. 12(3): 265-272.
Egli, D.B. (2015). Is there a role for sink size in understanding maize population–yield relationships? Crop Science. 55(6): 2453-2462.
Hasan-Nataj-Jelodar, I. (2011). Investigation of morphological and qualitative characteristics related to yield of promising rice lines. Zanjan University. M.Sc Thesis. 220 page.
Ghorbani, H., Samizadeh, H, Rabiei, B. and Gholipour, M. (2015). Grouping of different rice genotypes using factor analysis and cluster analysis. Journal of Agricultural Knowledge and Sustainable Production. 21 (3): 111-89.
Gholipour, M., Mohammad-Salehi, M. and Ebadi, A. (2005). Genetic variation and classification of different rice cultivars. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 35 (4):973-981.
Johnson, D.E. (1998). Applied multivariate methods for data analysis. Published by Duxbury Press in Pacific Grove, Calif. New York. 567 pages.
Jackson, J.E. (1991). A user’s guide to principal components. John Wiley and Sons Pub., New York. 427 page.
Jahani, M., Nematzadeh, Gh., and Mohammadi-Nejad, Gh. (2017). Assessment of genetic diversity through morphologic characteristics in rice genotypes. Journal of Crop Production. 9(1): 181-198.
Kadir, U.Y., Sezai, E., Yasar, Z., Memnune, S. and Ebru, Y. K. (2009). Preliminary characterization of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) genotypes for their physico-chemical properties. Food Chemistry. 114: 408-412.
Karbalaei-Aghamaleki, A., Karbalaei Agha-Maleki, M.T. and Ebrahim-Zadeh, M.A. (2017). Investigation of antioxidant activity in three rice cultivars. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 28 (167): 82-71.
Kato, T. and Yajima, M. (1995). Association among characters related to yield sink capacity in space-planted rice.Crop Science. 36: 1135-1139.
Li, Y., Suontama, M., Burdon, R.D. and Ungey, H.S.D. (2017). Genotype by environment interactions in forest tree breeding: review of methodology and perspectives on research and application. Tree Genetics & Genomes. 13(60): 1-18.
Maji, A.T., Bashir, M., Odoba, A.A., Gbanguba, U. and Audu, S.D. (2015). Genotype × environment interaction and stability estimate for grain yield of upland rice genotypes in Nigeria. Rice Research. 3 (2):2-5.
Mokata A.S. and Mehetre, S.S. (1998). Genetic divergence in rice. Advances in Plant Sciences. 11 (2): 189-192.
Manly, F. (1986). Multivariate statistical methods. Chapman and Hall. 224 pages.
Min, B., McClung, A.M. and Chen, M.H. (2011). Phytochemicals and antioxidant capacities in rice brans of different color. Journal of Food Science.76: C117-C126.
Mahendran, R., Veerabadhiran, P., Robin, S. and Raveendran, M. (2015). Principal component analysis of rice germplasm accessions under high temperature stress. International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research (IJASR). 5 (3): 355-359.
Nili, A., Rabiei, B., Allahgholipour, M. and Ebadi, A.A. (2017). Assessing molecular diversity and genetic relationships among rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. Cereal Research. 7 (1): 23-50.
Nemali, K.S., Bonin, C., Dohleman, F. G., Stephens, M., Reeves, W.R., Nelson, D.E. and Anstrom, D. (2015). Physiological responses related to increased grain yield under drought in the first biotechnology‐derived drought ‐tolerant maize. Plant, Cell & Environment. 38 (9): 1866-1880.
Pal, P., Singh, N., Kaur, P. and Kaur, A. (2018). Effect of parboiling on phenolic, protein, and pasting properties of rice from different paddy varieties. Journal of Food Science. 83 (11): 2761-2771.
Peng, S., Cassman, K.G. and Kropff, M.J. (1995). Relationship between leaf photosynthesis and nitrogen content of field-grown rice in the tropics. Crop Science. 35: 1627–1630.
Rahimi, M., Ramezani, M. and Rabiee, B. (2009). Identification of elite lines and hybrids of rice using factor analysis. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi. 84: 78-85.
Sarawgi, A.K. and Rostogi, N.K. (1998). Genetic diversity for grain quality parameters in traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.). Accessions from Madhya Pradash India. Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension. 1 (2):103-106.
Tariku, S. (2017). Evaluation of upland rice genotypes and mega environment investigation based on GGE-biplot analysis. Rice Research. 5 (3):1-7.
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Allahgholipour, M. (2017). Study of genotype-environment interaction in rice genotypes with GGE biplot. Journal of Cereal Research. 6 (1): 1-14.
Abouzari-Gazafroudi, A., Honarnezhad, R. and Fotokian, M. H. (2008). Study of Genetic diversity in rice cultivars using morphological traits data. Journal of Research and Development. 21 (1): 110-117.
Arab, F.A., Alamzadeh, V. and Maghsoudi,V. (2013). Antioxidant activity of rice bran extract. 20th Congress of Food Science and Technology. Sharif University of Technology. 1-6.
Aljumaili, S.J., Rafii, M.Y., Latif, M.A., Sakimin, Z.S., Arolu, I.W. and Miah, G. (2018). Genetic diversity of aromatic rice germplasm revealed by SSR markers. BioMed Research International. Hindawi. 2018: 1-11.
Anis, G., EL-Sabagh, A., Ghareb, A. and EL-Rewainy. I. (2016). Evaluation of promising lines in rice (Oryza sativa L.) to agronomic and genetic performance under egyptian conditions. International Journal of Agricultural Research. 3: 52-57.
Balasubramanian, V., Morales, A.C., Cruz, R.T., Thiyagarajan, T.M., Nagarajan, R. Babu, M., Abdulrahman, S. and Hai, L.H. (2000). Adaptation of the chlorophyll meter (SPAD) technology for real-time N management in rice: A review. Institute Rice Research. Notes. 25 (1): 4-8.
Bonelli, L.E., Monzon, J.P., Cerrudo, A., Rizzalli, R.H. and Andrade, F.H. (2016). Maize grain yield components and source-sink relationship as affected by the delay in sowing date. Field Crops Research. 198: 215-225.
Chen, X.Q., Nagao N., Itani T. and Irifune, K. (2012). Anti-oxidative analysis, and identification and quantification of anthocyanin pigments in different coloured rice. Food Chemistry. 135: 2783-2788.
Ebrahimzadeh, M.A., Nabavi, S.M., Nabavi, S. F. and Eslami, S.H. (2010). Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of culinary-medicinal mushrooms, golden chanterelle Cantharellus cibarius and angel’s wings Pleurotus porrigens. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms. 12(3): 265-272.
Egli, D.B. (2015). Is there a role for sink size in understanding maize population–yield relationships? Crop Science. 55(6): 2453-2462.
Hasan-Nataj-Jelodar, I. (2011). Investigation of morphological and qualitative characteristics related to yield of promising rice lines. Zanjan University. M.Sc Thesis. 220 page.
Ghorbani, H., Samizadeh, H, Rabiei, B. and Gholipour, M. (2015). Grouping of different rice genotypes using factor analysis and cluster analysis. Journal of Agricultural Knowledge and Sustainable Production. 21 (3): 111-89.
Gholipour, M., Mohammad-Salehi, M. and Ebadi, A. (2005). Genetic variation and classification of different rice cultivars. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 35 (4):973-981.
Johnson, D.E. (1998). Applied multivariate methods for data analysis. Published by Duxbury Press in Pacific Grove, Calif. New York. 567 pages.
Jackson, J.E. (1991). A user’s guide to principal components. John Wiley and Sons Pub., New York. 427 page.
Jahani, M., Nematzadeh, Gh., and Mohammadi-Nejad, Gh. (2017). Assessment of genetic diversity through morphologic characteristics in rice genotypes. Journal of Crop Production. 9(1): 181-198.
Kadir, U.Y., Sezai, E., Yasar, Z., Memnune, S. and Ebru, Y. K. (2009). Preliminary characterization of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) genotypes for their physico-chemical properties. Food Chemistry. 114: 408-412.
Karbalaei-Aghamaleki, A., Karbalaei Agha-Maleki, M.T. and Ebrahim-Zadeh, M.A. (2017). Investigation of antioxidant activity in three rice cultivars. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 28 (167): 82-71.
Kato, T. and Yajima, M. (1995). Association among characters related to yield sink capacity in space-planted rice.Crop Science. 36: 1135-1139.
Li, Y., Suontama, M., Burdon, R.D. and Ungey, H.S.D. (2017). Genotype by environment interactions in forest tree breeding: review of methodology and perspectives on research and application. Tree Genetics & Genomes. 13(60): 1-18.
Maji, A.T., Bashir, M., Odoba, A.A., Gbanguba, U. and Audu, S.D. (2015). Genotype × environment interaction and stability estimate for grain yield of upland rice genotypes in Nigeria. Rice Research. 3 (2):2-5.
Mokata A.S. and Mehetre, S.S. (1998). Genetic divergence in rice. Advances in Plant Sciences. 11 (2): 189-192.
Manly, F. (1986). Multivariate statistical methods. Chapman and Hall. 224 pages.
Min, B., McClung, A.M. and Chen, M.H. (2011). Phytochemicals and antioxidant capacities in rice brans of different color. Journal of Food Science.76: C117-C126.
Mahendran, R., Veerabadhiran, P., Robin, S. and Raveendran, M. (2015). Principal component analysis of rice germplasm accessions under high temperature stress. International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research (IJASR). 5 (3): 355-359.
Nili, A., Rabiei, B., Allahgholipour, M. and Ebadi, A.A. (2017). Assessing molecular diversity and genetic relationships among rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. Cereal Research. 7 (1): 23-50.
Nemali, K.S., Bonin, C., Dohleman, F. G., Stephens, M., Reeves, W.R., Nelson, D.E. and Anstrom, D. (2015). Physiological responses related to increased grain yield under drought in the first biotechnology‐derived drought ‐tolerant maize. Plant, Cell & Environment. 38 (9): 1866-1880.
Pal, P., Singh, N., Kaur, P. and Kaur, A. (2018). Effect of parboiling on phenolic, protein, and pasting properties of rice from different paddy varieties. Journal of Food Science. 83 (11): 2761-2771.
Peng, S., Cassman, K.G. and Kropff, M.J. (1995). Relationship between leaf photosynthesis and nitrogen content of field-grown rice in the tropics. Crop Science. 35: 1627–1630.
Rahimi, M., Ramezani, M. and Rabiee, B. (2009). Identification of elite lines and hybrids of rice using factor analysis. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi. 84: 78-85.
Sarawgi, A.K. and Rostogi, N.K. (1998). Genetic diversity for grain quality parameters in traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.). Accessions from Madhya Pradash India. Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension. 1 (2):103-106.
Tariku, S. (2017). Evaluation of upland rice genotypes and mega environment investigation based on GGE-biplot analysis. Rice Research. 5 (3):1-7.