بررسی تاثیرات شش نوع کود نیتروژن دار بر رشد، محتوای کلروفیلی، پروتئین، فسفر و پتاسیم در افوربیا تیروکالی Euphorbia tirucalli L. تحت شرایط کشت گلدانی
محورهای موضوعی : ریزجلبک
اطهره ذبیحی
1
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آرین ساطعی
2
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مازیار احمدی گلسفیدی
3
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مهدی عبادی
4
1 - گروه زیست شناسی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان،ایران
2 - گروه زیست‌شناسی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران،
3 - گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران،
4 - گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران،
کلید واژه: ازتوباکتر, اوره , پتاسیم, پروتئین, فسفر, کلروفیل, کود نیتروژن,
چکیده مقاله :
مطالعه حاضر به بررسی اثر انواع کود نیتروژن بر شاخص‌های رشد، محتوای کلروفیلی، پروتئین بخش هوایی و میزان دو عنصر پتاسیم و فسفر در ریشه و اندام هوایی گیاه افوربیا تیروکالی می پردازد. گیاهان حاصل از قلمه‌های هفت ماهه، یک دوره چهارماهه را در خاک بدون کود (شاهد) و یا در دوازده تیمار شامل کود زیستی حاوی آزتوباکتر کروکوکوم، کود اوره و چهار نوع از انواع رایج کود NPK در دو غلظت ۲ و ۴ گرم بر لیتر و در بلوکهای کامل تصادفی را در شرایط گلخانه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی گرگان از ابتدای اسفند ۱۳۹۷ گذراندند. شاخص‌های رشد مورد بررسی شامل وزن خشک و تر گیاه، ریشه و اندام هوایی و نیز نسبت وزن تر و خشک ریشه به گیاه بود. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که بر خلاف انتظار، کودهای شیمیایی به ویژه اوره، اکثراً باعث کاهش شاخص‌های رشد و به خصوص کاهش رشد سیستم ریشه ای شدند. کود زیستی نیز باعث بهبود شاخص‌های رشد در مقایسه با شاهد نشد. همچنین به کارگیری این کودها منجر به افزایش محتوای پروتئین بخش هوایی نگردید. به رغم افزایش پتاسیم ریشه در برخی تیمارها و یا افزایش انتقال فسفر از ریشه به اندام هوایی در اکثر تیمارها، مطالعه همبستگی‌ها نشان داد که تغییرات محتوای پتاسیم ریشه و یا فسفر اندام هوایی با تغییرات رشد همبستگی نداشته است. با این حال افزایش فسفر اندام هوایی همبستگی معنی دار مثبت و یا منفی را به ترتیب با محتوای کلروفیل a و b اندام هوایی نشان داد. همچنین تغییرات محتوای کلروفیل، همبستگی منفی با توسعه سیستم ریشه ای داشته است. لزوم بازنگری در صرف هزینه کود نیتروژن برای این گیاه، نتیجه کاربردی کار حاضر است.
The present study investigates the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on growth indices, chlorophyll content, protein of the aerial parts, and the amount of potassium and phosphorus in the roots and aerial parts of Euphorbia tirucali. Plants obtained from seven-month cuttings, spent four months in soil without fertilizer (control) or in twelve treatments including biofertilizer containing Azotobacter crococum, urea fertilizer and four common types of NPK fertilizer in two concentrations of 2 and 4 g / l in complete randomized blocks in the greenhouse of the Islamic Azad University of Gorgan from the beginning of March 2019.The growth indices including the dry and fresh weight of the plant, roots and shoots as well as the ratio of fresh and dry weight of the root to the plant have been studied. The results of the present study showed that, contrary to expectations, chemical fertilizers, especially urea, mostly reduced the growth indices and especially the growth of the root system. Biofertilizers also did not improve growth indices compared to the control. Also, the use of these fertilizers did not increase the protein content of the aerial parts. Despite the increase in root potassium in some treatments or the increase in phosphorus transfer from root to shoot in most treatments, the correlation study showed that changes in root potassium or shoot phosphorus content were not correlated with growth changes. However, an increase in shoot phosphorus showed a significant positive or negative correlation with shoot chlorophyll a and b content, respectively. Changes in chlorophyll content also had a negative correlation with root system development. The need to reconsider the cost of nitrogen fertilizer for this plant is a practical result of the present work.
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