اثر محلول‌پاشي نانو دي‌اكسيدتيتانيوم و هيوميک‌اسيد بر عملکرد کمی و برخي صفات فیزیولوژیکی ذرت (Zea mays L.) تحت سطوح قطع آبیاری
محورهای موضوعی : فیزیولوژی محیطی
رضا جلکانی
1
,
محمدرضا دادنیا
2
*
,
علیرضا شکوه فر
3
,
سید کیوان مرعشی
4
,
سعید ذاکرنژاد
5
1 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
3 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
4 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
5 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
کلید واژه: عملکرد بیولوژیک, عملکرد دانه, قطع آبیاری, کاتالاز, کلروفیلa,
چکیده مقاله :
خشکی از مهمترین تنش‌های محیطی است که بر تولیدات گیاهی تأثیر منفی می‌گذارد. با توجه به نقش اسیدهیومیک و نانوذرات در بهبود عملکرد و مقاومت بیشتر گیاهان به تنش‌های محیطی آزمایشی بر روی گیاه ذرت به صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي در چهار تکرار در مزرعه‌ای واقع در شهرستان گتوند در تابستان سال‌های 1400 و 1401 اجرا شد. عامل اصلی سطوح آبیاری در 3 سطح شامل: آبیاری نرمال تا زمان برداشت، قطع آبياری در زمان ظهور بلال و قطع آبياری 7 روز بعد از ظهور بلال در کرت‌های اصلی قرار گرفته و محلول‌پاشی اسیدهیومیک در 4 سطح شامل: صفر، 1000، 2000 و 3000 پي‌پي‌ام در هكتار 60 روز بعد کاشت در کرت‌های فرعی و نانو دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم در 3 سطح شامل: صفر، 02/0 و 04/0 درصد در هکتار در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات متقابل رژیم آبیاری، اسیدهیومیک و دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم بر تعداد دانه در بلال، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و مالون‌دی‌آلدئید معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (1/9094 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در شرایط آبیاری نرمال با کاربرد 2000 پی‌پی‌ام در هکتار اسیدهیومیک و 02/0 درصد در هکتار نانو دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم به‌دست آمد که نسبت به تیمار قطع آبیاری در زمان ظهور بلال و عدم کاربرد اسیدهیومیک و نانو دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم (5579 کیلوگرم در هکتار) حدود 5/38 درصد افزایش نشان داد. بين سطوح مختلف کاربرد اسیدهیومیک از لحاظ ميزان کلروفيل a و b اختلاف معني‌دار وجود داشت. با افزايش کاربرد اسیدهیومیک در شرايط آبياري نرمال، اين صفات به ترتیب با میانگین 74/3 و 63/1 میلی‌گرم بر گرم افزايش يافتند. کاربرد 02/0 درصد در هکتار نانو دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم بالاترين ميزان کلروفیل a و b (با میانگین 38/3 و 51/1 میلی‌گرم بر گرم) را نشان داد. همچنین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در شرایط قطع آبیاری در زمان ظهور بلال با کاربرد 2000 پی‌پی‌ام اسیدهیومیک 50 درصد افزایش یافت. به‌طور کلی برای جلوگیری از اثرات تنش خشکی و امکان افزایش عملکرد استفاده از 2000 پی‌پی‌ام اسیدهیومیک و 02/0 درصد در هکتار نانو دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم در منطقه گتوند و مناطق مشابه از نظر آب و هوایی قابل توصیه است.
Drought is one of the most important environmental stresses that negatively affects crop production. Considering the role of humic acid and nanoparticles in improving the yield and resistance of plants to environmental stresses, experiment was conducted on corn as a double split plot experiment based on a complete block randomized design with four replications that was performed in the farm of Gotvand in summer cropping years 2021-22. The main factor was the irrigation levels at 3 levels including: normal irrigation until harvest, no irrigation at the time of ear emergence and no irrigation 7 days after ear emergence were placed in the main plots and, foliar application of humic acid at 4 levels including: 0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm per hectare 60 days after planting in subplots and nano titanium dioxide at 3 levels including: 0, 0.02 and 0.04 percent per hectare in subplots. The results showed that the triple interaction of irrigation regime, humic acid, and titanium dioxide was significant on number of grains per ear, grain yield, biological yield and malondialdehyde. The highest grain yield (9094.1 kg/ha) was obtained under normal irrigation conditions with the application of 2000 ppm/ha of humic acid and 0.02%/ha of nano titanium dioxide, which showed an increase of about 38.5% (5579 kg/ha) compared to the treatment of no irrigation at the time of ear emergence and no application of humic acid and nano titanium dioxide. There was a significant difference between different levels of humic acid application in terms of chlorophyll a and b levels. With increasing humic acid application under normal irrigation conditions, these traits increased by an average of 3.74 and 1.63 mg/g, respectively. The application of 0.02% per hectare of nano titanium dioxide showed the highest levels of chlorophyll a and b (with an average of 3.38 and 1.51 mg/g). Also, catalase enzyme activity increased by 50% under conditions of irrigation interruption at the time of ear emergence with the application of 2000 ppm humic acid. In general, to prevent the effects of drought stress and increase yield, the use of 2000 ppm humic acid and 0.02 percent per hectare of nano titanium dioxide is recommended in the Gotvand region and similar regions in terms of climate.
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