اثر محلول پاشی کیتوزان پلاس بر خصوصیات رشدی و مورفولوژی گیاه نعناع دشتی ( (Mentha spicata L. تحت همزیستی با قارچ میکوریزا در نظام کشت ارگانیک
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
مینا کاویانی دارانی
1
,
عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی
2
*
,
محمد رضا اردکانی
3
,
حمید مظفری
4
,
داود حبیبی
5
1 - گروه زراعت، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران، ایران
2 - دانشکده داروسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم پزشکی، تهران
3 - عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه
4 - عضو هیات علمی واحد شهر قدس
5 - گروه زراعت، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: نعناع دشتی, خصوصیات رشد, کود زیستی میکوریزا, محلول پاشی کیتوزان پلاس, همزیستی میکوریزا و کیتوزان,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثر محلول پاشی کیتوزان پلاس تحت همزیستی قارچ میکوریزا بر خصوصیات رشدی و مورفو-فیزیولوژی گیاه نعناع دشتی ( (Mentha spicata L.در شرایط ارگانیک، تحقیق طی دو سال زراعی 97-98 و 98-99 در مزرعه ارگانیک تحقیقاتی-آموزشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج (مهردشت) اجرا شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک¬های کامل تصادفی با دو عامل شامل محلو ل پاشی با کیتوزان شامل شاهد (بدون محلول پاشی)، محلول پاشی با آب، محلول پاشی کیتوزان در دو غلظت 2000 و 4000 قسمت بر میلیون و عامل تلقیح قارچ میكوریزا شامل شاهد و تلقیح در خاک در چهار تکرار انجام شد. در ارزیابی خصوصیات رشدی و مورفولوژیكی گیاه طول دوره رشد، تعداد شاخه، تعداد گل آذین، ارتفاع بلندترین شاخه و گل آذین، قطر کانوپی و برای ارزیابی اثر قارچ میكوریزا بر گیاه نعناع دشتی، عناصر مغذی به ویژه فسفر مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از مطالعه بر خصوصیات رشدی گیاه نعناع دشتی نشان داد که اثرات همزیستی میکوریزایی، محلول پاشی کیتوزان و سال بر محتوای کلروفیل a، کلروفیل کل، تعداد شاخه و گل آذین، وزن تر و خشک گیاه، میزان فسفر و ماده خشک در سطح احتمال 5 درصد معنی دار بودند. به طور کلی استفاده از قارچ میکوریزا به همراه محلول پاشی کیتوزان توانست افزایش رشد و صفات مورفولوژیکی، جذب فسفر و سایر مواد مغذی را از طریق ازدیاد ریشه داشته باشد و در نهایت سبب بهبود عملکرد کمی و کیفی در گیاه نعناع دشتی شود. در پایان می¬توان چنین نتیجه گرفت که کاربرد همزمان محلول پاشی کیتوزان و قارچ میکوریز جایگزین کودهای شیمیایی در یک نظام کشت ارگانیک می¬تواند در ارتقای سلامت و بهداشت محصول کشاورزی، خاک و محیط زیست موثر باشد.
In order to investigate the effect of the foliar-spraying of chitosan-plus under the symbiosis of mycorrhizal fungus on the growth and morphological characteristics of Mentha spicata L. (Lamiaceae) under organic farming conditions, a field experiment was done in an organic farm located on the Research and Education field of I.A.U., Karaj Branch (Mehrdasht), Iran. The experimental treatments were arranged as a factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The experimental treatments included factor A: the foliar-spraying (control, water spraying, chitosan foliar spraying at two levels of 2000 and 4000 ppm) and inoculation (inoculation mycorrhizal fungus and non-inoculation). To evaluate the growth and morphological characteristics of the mint plant, the length of the growth period, the height of the tallest branch and the tallest inflorescence, the diameter of the canopy, and to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus on nutrients such as phosphorus were investigated. The results of the study on the growth characteristics of the desert mint plant showed that mycorrhizal symbiosis, chitosan foliar spraying and year on chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, number of branches and inflorescences, fresh and dry plant weight, phosphorus and dry matter content at the possible level were significant (p ≤ 0.05). Generally, the application of mycorrhizal fungi alone the foliar spraying of chitosan could an increase the growth and morphological traits, acquiring phosphorus and other nutrients through root growth and further improve the quantitative and qualitative yield of the mint plant. Finally, it can be concluded that the foliar application of chitosan and the soil applied of mycorrhizal fungi due to the non-use of chemical fertilizers in an organic farming system can lead to the health of agricultural products, soil, and environment.
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