اثرات غلظت¬های مختلف سرب بر برخی از پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه برنج (Oryza sativa L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
جواد صلواتی
1
(گروه زراعت، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران، )
هرمز فلاح
2
(گروه زراعت، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران)
یوسف نیک نژاد
3
(استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران)
داوود براری تاری
4
(استادیار گروه اگروتکنولوژی، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران.)
کلید واژه: برنج, تنش اکسیداتیو, تنش سرب, متابولیسم پرولین, متابولیسم کلروفیل,
چکیده مقاله :
سرب (Pb) نه تنها رشد و عملکرد گیاه را تغییر می دهد بلکه ممکن است خطرات بالقوه سمی برای سلامتی انسان داشته باشد. در تحقیق حاضر، تاثیر غلظت¬های مختلف سرب (150 و 300 میکرومولار) بر رشد و فرآیندهای فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه برنج تحت شرایط هیدروپونیک مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان دادند که تیمارهای سرب با تاثیر منفی بر متابولیسم کلروفیل، باعث کاهش رنگیزه¬های فتوسنتزی و در نتیجه، کاهش رشد و بیومس گیاه برنج شد. تنش سرب با افزایش تجمع پراکسید هیدروژن و متیل گلی اکسال، باعث القای تنش اکسیداتیو و آسیب به غشاهای زیستی شد. افزایش غلظت سرب باعث افزایش تجمع سرب در گیاه برنج شد که با افزایش تجمع پرولین و فیتوکلاتین¬ها همراه بود. فعالیت آنزیم¬های آنتی اکسیدان و چرخه گلی اکسالاز در برگ گیاه برنج تحت سمیت سرب افزایش یافت. تیمارهای سرب باعث تغییر سطح ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدان غیرآنزیمی (گلوتاتیون و آسکوربیک اسید) در برگ گیاه برنج شد بطوری‌که باعث کاهش نسبت¬های آسکوربیک اسید احیاشده به اکسید شده و گلوتاتیون احیاشده به اکسیده شده نسبت به گیاهان شاهد شد. بنابراین، غلظت¬های 150 و 300 میکرومولار سرب در خاک می¬تواند تاثیرات منفی بر فرآیندهای فیزیولوژیکی و متابولیک¬های مهم گیاه برنج القا کند که باعث کاهش رشد و بیومس گیاه شود.
Lead (Pb) not only negatively alters plant growth and yield but may also have potentially toxic risks to human health. In the present study, the effects of different concentrations of Pb (150 and 300 μM) on growth, physiological and biochemical attributes of rice under hydroponic conditions were investigated. The results showed that Pb treatments with negative effects on chlorophyll metabolism reduced photosynthetic pigments and, consequently, diminished the growth and biomass of rice plants. Pb stress induced oxidative stress and damage to bio-membranes by increasing the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and glyoxalase cycle was upregulated in rice leaves under Pb toxicity. Pb treatments altered the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds (glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASA)) in the leaves of rice plants by reducing the ratios of reduced ASA to oxidized ASA and reduced GSH to oxidized GSH compared to control plants. Therefore, concentrations of 150 and 300 μM Pb in the soil can induce negative effects on important physiological and metabolic processes of rice, which reduce plant growth and biomass.
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