مسئولیت مدنی دولت در حفظ سلامت شهروندان از منظر فقه شیعه، حقوق شهروندی و اسناد بینالملل
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق خصوصیحسین اسماعیل زاده 1 , دکتر عباس مقدری امیری 2 , عبدالحمید مرتضوی 3
1 - دکتری رشته حقوق خصوصی، واحد ساری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه حقوق، واحد جویبار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جویبار، ایران.
3 - استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، واحد ساری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری، ایران.
کلید واژه: حقوق شهروندی, فقه شیعه, مسئولیت مدنی دولت, اسناد بین الملل, حق سلامت,
چکیده مقاله :
حق بر سلامت و درمان به عنوان یکی از تعهدات دولت، بستر لازم را در جهت اجرای بهتر فراهم میکند و شهروندان نیز به نحو احسن قادر خواهند بود تا به حقوق قانونی خود دست یابند. دولتها در جهت حفظ سلامت شهروندان دارای تکالیفی میباشند و در صورتی که دولت به تعهدات خویش عمل نکرده و سبب ورود خسارت به شهروندان شود، بدون شک دولت باید خسارات وارده را جبران نماید. علیالخصوص که دولت در تامین بهداشت عمومیو رفع نیازهای درمانی، مطابق میثاق ملت و دولت و توافقات و تعهدات بین المللی کاملاً دارای مسئولیت است. لذا مسئولیت مدنی دولت به معنای مسئولیت ناشی از فعالیتهای دولت میباشد. بنابراین در مقاله حاضر بیان خواهد شد، مسئولیت دولت ممکن است ناشی از عدم انجام وظایف در قبال مردم، مطلوب نبودن انجام وظایف و یا تاخیر در انجام وظایف و تعهدات دولت در برابر مردم باشد. بنابراین مسئولیت مدنی دولت ممکن است ناشی از عملکرد دولت یا کارمندان دولتی باشد که در بروز عواملی که سلامت مردم را تحت شعاع قرار میدهد، نقش داشتهاند، یا در شرایطی که توان پیشگیری از آن یا حل آن را داشتهاند، به این کار مبادرت نورزیدهاند.
The right to health and treatment, as one of the obligations of the government, provides the necessary platform for better implementation, and citizens will be able to achieve their legal rights in a better way. Governments have duties to protect the health of citizens, and if the government does not fulfill its obligations and causes damage to citizens, the government must compensate for the damage. Especially since the government is fully responsible for providing public health and meeting medical needs, according to the covenant between the nation and the government and international agreements and obligations. Therefore, the civil responsibility of the government means the responsibility arising from the activities of the government. Therefore, it will be stated in this article, the government's responsibility may be due to the failure to fulfill the duties towards the people, the undesired performance of the duties, or the delay in the fulfillment of the duties and obligations of the government towards the people. Therefore, the civil responsibility of the government may be due to the performance of the government or government employees who have played a role in the occurrence of factors that affect the health of the people, or they did not do so in situations where they could have prevented it or solved it.
منابع فارسی
2) منابع عربی
3) منابع انگلیسی
ب) مقالات
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