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List of Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - Strengthening of reinforced concrete shear walls with openings using carbon fiber‑reinforced polymers
AbstractReinforced concrete shear walls are one of the most widely used lateral load structural resisting elements in high rise buildings.Introducing openings in existing shear walls may be due to remodeling or municipality considerations, such as placementof staircases MoreAbstractReinforced concrete shear walls are one of the most widely used lateral load structural resisting elements in high rise buildings.Introducing openings in existing shear walls may be due to remodeling or municipality considerations, such as placementof staircases, windows, doors and elevators. Making openings in existing shear wall decrease the overall structural capacityand integrity of the wall, in addition to stress concentrations around the openings. This necessitates the strengthening of theopening rim with FRP wraps. This paper focuses on developing a 3D high-reliability dynamic nonlinear finite element modelon ABAQUS theory manual and users’ manual, version 6.10 (2010) to simulate the behavior of shear walls with openingsstrengthened with FRP wraps to investigate their seismic response under the monotonic loads. The proposed FE model hasbeen validated using previous experimental data in literature. The FE results indicated that the proposed configuration ofCFRP laminates substantially increases the lateral load strength and deformation capacity of the shear wall with openingsand also improves the ductility and energy dissipation of the shear wall.Keywords Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Modal participation of fixed–fixed single‑walled carbon nanotube with vacancies
AbstractThis article presents an investigation of dynamical behaviors of perfect and defected fixed–fixed single-walled carbon nanotube(SWCNTs) model as a beam structures. The fundamental frequencies and modal participation factors for fixed–fixedsupportedSW MoreAbstractThis article presents an investigation of dynamical behaviors of perfect and defected fixed–fixed single-walled carbon nanotube(SWCNTs) model as a beam structures. The fundamental frequencies and modal participation factors for fixed–fixedsupportedSWCTS are considered through this analysis for the first time. Energy-equivalent model is implemented to finda relationship between the energy stored in atomic chemical bonding and potential energy of mechanical beam structure.Nanotube software modeler is exploited to create a geometrical structural of SWCNTs by defining its length of nanotube,bond distance between two atoms, and chiral angle. The tube of SWCNTs are simulated as fixed–fixed-supported structureat both ends, while bonding between each two atoms is modeled by 3D beam element with circular cross section. Parametricresults are illustrated to display the effects of vacancy on activation and deactivation of vibration modes, fundamentalfrequencies, and modal participation factors of SWCNTs.Keywords F Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Shear resistance of masonry panel in infilled RC frames
The shear capacity of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames is determined experimentally by testing of five 2/3scale, one story, one bay infilled RC frame specimens with varying degrees of separation between upper and lower portionsof the masonry infill panel MoreThe shear capacity of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames is determined experimentally by testing of five 2/3scale, one story, one bay infilled RC frame specimens with varying degrees of separation between upper and lower portionsof the masonry infill panel. The main premise of this experimental study was to find the contribution of masonry panel inglobal resistance of infilled RC frames versus shear force. Based on the experimental results, a new method is proposedfor the determination of the shear resistance and the contribution of the masonry infill panel is derived. Comparisons ofexperimental and analytical results show that the proposed method for evaluating the shear resistance of the masonry panelsoffers a promising approach for the design of infilled RC frames. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that the shearresistance of masonry panel in infilled RC frames is strongly influenced by the stiffness and lateral resistance of the RC frame.Keywords Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Shear strength and stiffness enhancement of cross‑stiffened steel plate shear walls
AbstractNowadays, the use of steel plate shear walls, as an effective seismic resisting system, has been of great interest in enhancingthe lateral strength and stiffness of buildings both in renovation and seismic rehabilitation of existing concrete and steelstructures. MoreAbstractNowadays, the use of steel plate shear walls, as an effective seismic resisting system, has been of great interest in enhancingthe lateral strength and stiffness of buildings both in renovation and seismic rehabilitation of existing concrete and steelstructures. In the present research, the shear strength and stiffness of steel plate shear walls in various configurations ofstiffeners, including horizontal, vertical, and horizontal–vertical, were investigated by finite element method and finallysemi-empirical relations were presented in this regard. The results indicated that the shear strength and stiffness of stiffenedSPSWs were well predicted by the proposed relations, but increasing the number of stiffeners above a certain range will nothave a significant effect on enhancing the stiffness and strength.Keywords Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Lateral strength and ductility of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with NSM FRP rebars and FRP jacket
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapping of reinforced concrete (RC) columns is an effective way to improve their shearcapacity and ductility and prevent buckling in their longitudinal reinforcements. Another strengthening method called the nearsurface mounted (NSM) rein MoreFiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapping of reinforced concrete (RC) columns is an effective way to improve their shearcapacity and ductility and prevent buckling in their longitudinal reinforcements. Another strengthening method called the nearsurface mounted (NSM) reinforcement has been proven effective in improving the flexural strength of RC columns. In thisresearch, the strengthening of RC columns with the combined use of NSM rebars and FRP jacket was studied using a finiteelement modeling approach. After validating the numerical models with the existing experimental data, a comprehensiveparametric study was performed to determine the effect of axial load, implementing the FRP confinement around the base orover the entire height of the column, the number of plies of FRP jacket, the type of jacket fiber, the ratio of NSM reinforcement,and the compressive strength of the concrete on the behavior of the strengthened RC columns. The results show thatthe optimum number of plies of jacket for reaching a desirable level of ductility can be determined by setting the maximumcompressive strain in the confined concrete, ccu , to 0.008. Increasing the ratio of NSM reinforcement from 0.16% of the totalcross-sectional area to 1% led to approximately 28% increase in the lateral strength and 50% decrease in the ductility factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Static, free vibration, and buckling analysis of plates using strain‑based Reissner–Mindlin elements
AbstractA quadrilateral and a triangular element based on the strain approach are developed for static, free vibration and bucklinganalyses of Reissner–Mindlin plates. The four-node triangular element SBTP4 has the three essential external degrees offreedom at eac MoreAbstractA quadrilateral and a triangular element based on the strain approach are developed for static, free vibration and bucklinganalyses of Reissner–Mindlin plates. The four-node triangular element SBTP4 has the three essential external degrees offreedom at each of the three corner nodes and at a mid-side node; whereas the quadrilateral element SBQP has the samedegrees of freedom at each of the four corner nodes. Both elements use the same assumed strain functions which are in thelinear variation where bending and transverse shear strains are independent and satisfy the compatibility equations. The useof the strain approach allows obtaining elements with higher-order terms for the displacements field. The formulated elementshave been proposed to improve the strain-based rectangular plate element SBRP previously published. Several numericalexamples demonstrate that the present elements are free of shear locking and provide high-accuracy results compared to theavailable published numerical and analytical solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Effects of roof slope and wind direction on wind pressure distribution on the roof of a square plan pyramidal low‑rise building using CFD simulation
AbstractRoof shape and slope are both important parameters for the safety of a structure, especially when facing wind loads. Thepresent study demonstrates the pressure variations due to wind load on the pyramidal roof of a square plan low-rise buildingwith 15% wall open MoreAbstractRoof shape and slope are both important parameters for the safety of a structure, especially when facing wind loads. Thepresent study demonstrates the pressure variations due to wind load on the pyramidal roof of a square plan low-rise buildingwith 15% wall openings through CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation. Many studies on roofed structures havebeen performed in the past; however, a detailed review of the literature indicates that the majority of these studies focusedon flat, hip, gable and spherical roofs only. There is a lack of research that analyses these effects on pyramidal roof buildings.ANSYS (Analysis System) ICEM (Integrated Computer Engineering and Manufacturing)-CFD and ANSYS Fluentcommercial packages have been used for modelling and simulation, respectively, and ANSYS CFD Post was used to obtainthe results. A realizable k–ε turbulent model was used for the pressure distribution on the roof of the building model. Inthe present study, twenty-four models with different roof slopes (α), i.e. 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°, with various wind incidenceangles (ϴ), i.e. 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 75° were investigated. The influence of roof slope and wind incidence angle areanalysed in this study. Results have been represented through pressure coefficient (Cp) contours on the roof surface andvelocity streamlines of the flow field of the different cases. The optimization of the roof slope may be achieved by consideringdifferent wind incidence angles for buildings so that they may better withstand wind force in a specific area. When windpressure coefficients from building models with openings were compared with pressure coefficients from building modelswithout openings, it was found that the pressure coefficients for building models without openings are almost twice or threetimes that of the pressure coefficients for models with openings. Manuscript profile
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