تاثیر تجربه موزه‌ای بر صلاحیت بین‌فرهنگی با رویکرد معادله ساختاری (مورد مطالعه دانشجویان ایرانی و افغانستانی)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات میان فرهنگیلیلا کلنتری 1 , حسنعلی پورمند 2 , رضا افهمی 3
1 - کارشناسی ارشد پژوهش هنر دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
2 - دانشیار پژوهش هنرٰ دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
3 - دانشیار پژوهش هنر، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
کلید واژه: صلاحیت بین‌فرهنگی ـ تجربه موزه‌ای ـ یادگیری ـ مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری ـ افغانستان,
چکیده مقاله :
رسیدن به پذیرش اجتماعی و احترام به تنوع فرهنگی نیازمند شناخت و آگاهی از تفاوت‌های نگرشی و رفتاری بین افراد مختلف جوامع چندفرهنگی است. محیط دانشگاهی به عنوان یکی از مهمترین مراکز آموزشی و مکانی که شرایط حضور افراد با پس‌زمینه‌های مختلف فکری و فرهنگی را فراهم می‌آورد، نقش بسیار مهمی در ارائه این شناخت به دانشجویان را بر عهده دارد. همچنین با توجه به تغییر تفکر و کارکرد موزه‌ها در قرن اخیر و تمرکز آنان بر مسائل اجتماعی، یادگیری، منافع و نیازهای عمومی می‌توان گفت که موز ه‌ها در ارائه شناخت و آگاهی از تفاوت‌های فرهنگی تاثیر فوق‌العاده‌ای دارند. هدف این مقاله بررسی تاثیر تجربه موزه ای در محیط دانشگاه بر صلاحیت بین فرهنگی دانشجویان ایرانی و افغانستانی است. چارچوب مفهومی این مطالعه بر اساس مدل دردورف از صلاحیت بین فرهنگی تنظیم گردیده و در قالب آن یک فرضیه اصلی مطرح شده است. این پژوهش در دسته پژوهشهای توسعه‌ای است به شیوه پیمایش و با استفاده از پرسشنامه و برگزاری نمایشگاه در قالب تجربه موزه ای بین دانشجویان ایرانی و افغانستانی دانشگاه خوارزمی انجام گرفته است. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد. بر مبنای یافته های تحقیق می توان گفت ارائه شناخت از طریق تجربۀ موزه‌ای بر صلاحیت بین فرهنگی تاثیر دارد.
Achieving social acceptance and respect for cultural diversity, requires recognition and awareness of attitudes and behavioral discrepancies among individuals in multicultural societies. The university atmosphere, as an important educational center that attracts persons with different intellectual and cultural background, plays a significant role in presenting such awareness to the students. Furthermore, given the change in function and outlook of museums in recent century and their focus on social, educational issues, and public interest and needs, the impact of museums on raising such awareness is substantial. This article aims to evaluate the impact of museum experience on intercultural competence of Iranian-Afghan students in academic atmosphere. The conceptual framework is designed based on Deardorff Intercultural Competence Model. This developmental survey was done using questionnaire and holding an exhibition in form of museum experience among Iranian-Afghan students in Kharazmi University. Structural Equation Modeling was applied to analyze the data. Our findings show that raising awareness through museum experience has a considerable impact on intercultural competence.
صادقی، علیرضا، 1392، دانش چندفرهنگی و ارتقای سطح زندگی در ایران، فصلنامه فرهنگ مشاوره و روان درمانی، سال چهارم، شماره 13،صص 111ـ 124.
فالک، جان اچ.، لین دی. دیرکینگ، 2012، نگاهی نو به تجربه دیدار از موزه، 1396، مهدی افشار، تهران: دفتر پژوهشهای فرهنگی، چاپ اول.
مِرِس، فرانسوآ و آندره دِواله، 2010، مفاهیم کلیدی موزهشناسی، 1393، کوروس سامانیان و دیگران. (http://icom.museum/professional-standards/key-concepts-of-museology/ ) [Accessed 4 May 2017]
Antos, Z., A. B. Fromm & V. Golding, 2017, Museums and Innovations, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, “Chapter Two; Intercultural Museum Practice: An Analysis of the Belonging Project in Northern Ireland, Margaret Quinn”.
Bodo, S. et al, 2009. Museums as places for intercultural dialogue (MAP for ID): selected practices from Europe. Published by the MAP for ID Group. (www.ne-mo.org/fileadmin/Dateien/public /service/Handbook_MAPforID_EN.pdf) [Accessed 21 June 2016]
Bloomfield, J., P. Wood, 2011, Intercultural Spaces and Centers, Intercultural Cities – Building the future in diversity. (http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/culture/Cities/Newsletter/newsletter19 /InterCentr es.pdf.) [Accessed 26 January 2016]
California Association of Museums, 2012, Museums as third place, Foresight Research Report, Santa Cruz, CA: Author. (http://art.ucsc.edu/sites/default/files/CAMLF_Third_Place_Baseline_Final.pdf ) [Accessed 9 October 2017]
Chan, Shin Ying, 2016, Intercultural Education and the Building of Global Citizenship Developing Intercultural Competence, PhD Thesis, The Education University of Hong Kong.
Coles, A., 2009, Museum Learning: Not Instrumental Enough?, K. Bellamy & C. Oppenheim, Learning to live. (https://nationalmuseums.org.uk/media/documents/publications/learning_to_live.pdf#pa ge=89) [Accessed 12 October 2017]
Deardorff, D. K., 2004, The Identification and Assessment of Intercultural Competence as a Student Outcome of Internationalization at Institutions of Higher Education in the United States, PhD Thesis, North Carolina State University.
Gibbs, K. et al, 2007, Lifelong Learning in Museums; A European Handbook, Publisher: EDISAI Ferrara Italy.
Griffith, R. L. et al, 2016, Assessing Intercultural Competence in Higher Education: Existing Research and Future Directions, ETS Research Report Series,Issue 2, pp. 1- 44.
Ham, S. H., B. Weiler, 2005, Interpretation Evaluation Tool Kit: Methods and Tools for Assessing the Effectiveness of Face-to-Face Interpretive Programs. CRC FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 228418783_ Interpretation_Evaluation_Tool_Kit) [Accessed 19 October 2017]
Ham, S. H., B. Weiler, 2006, Development of Research Instrument for Evaluating the Visitor Outcomes of Face-to-Face Interpretation. (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232878113_Development_ of_a_Research_Instrument_for_Evaluating_the_Visitor_Outcomes_of_Face-to-Face_Interpretation) [Accessed 19 October 2017]
Hammer, Mitchell R., 2015, The developmental paradigm for intercultural competence research, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 48, Pp. 12-13.
Hammer, R. M., 2008. The Intercultural Development Inventory: An Approach for Assessing and Building Intercultural Competence.In M. A. Moodian (Ed.), Contemporary leadership and intercultural competence: Exploring the cross-cultural dynamics within organizations (pp. 245-259), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. (https://idiinventory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/IDI-chapter-Moodian-book-2009.pdf) [Accessed 5 June 2016]
Hansen, A. 2014. Implementing Heritage Learning Outcomes. (ed Dimitra Christidou), chapter 1: The heritage learning framework and the Heritage Learning Outcomes, Published by Jamtli Förlag, Östersund, Sweden. [Accessed 5 November 2017]
Hermans, J. G., 2015. The Impact of Exposure to Diversity in the International University Environment and the Development of Intercultural Competence in Student. The European Higher Education Area, pp. 73-92.
Hermans, J. W. M., 2016, The Impact of an International University Environment on Student’s Intercultural Competence Development, PhD Thesis, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan.
Hooper‐Greenhill, E., 1992, Museums and the shaping of Knowledge, London and New York: Routledge.
Hooper‐Greenhill, E., 2004, Measuring Learning Outcomes in Museums, Archives and Libraries: The Learning Impact Research Project (LIRP), International Journal of Heritage Studies, Volume 10, Issue 2, pp. 151- 174.
Kennedy, J., 2016, The Room Where It Happens: How Policy and Perception are at play in Museum-School Relationships. (https://www.academia.edu/23772377/…) [Accessed 23 November 2017]
King, P. M. et al, 2013, How college student experience intercultural learning: key features and approaches. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 69-83.
Liu, L. K., 2016. Exploring intercultural competence through an intercultural extracurricular activity in Taiwan. Journal of Language and Cultural Education, 4(1), pp. 99-109.
Maron R, T., Harris P, R., Maron S, V., 2007, Managing cultural differences: Global leadership strategies for the twenty-first century (7th edition), Butterworth- Heinemann/ Elsevier England.
Moody, C. L., 2011. Utilizing Third Place Theory in Museum Design: Connecting Community Through the Experience of Art. Master’s Thesis of Florida State University.
Naguib, S., 2013, Museums, Diasporas and the Sustainability of Intangible Cultural Heritage, Sustainability, 5, pp. 2178-2190.
Peng, R., W. Wu, 2016, Measuring intercultural contact and its effects on intercultural competence: A structural equation modeling approach, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Volume 53, pp. 16-27.
Perry, B. L., L. Southwell, 2011, Developing intercultural understanding and skill: models and approaches,Intercultural Education, v22, n6 , pp. 453-466.
Rosenbush, K. H., 2014, Integrated Approach to Building Intercultural Competence, Learning and Performance Quarterly, 2(3), pp: 2-16.
Sarwari, A. Q., M. N. Abdul Wahab, 2017. Study of the relationship between intercultural sensitivity and intercultural communication competence among international postgraduate students: A case study at University Malaysia Pahang, Cogent Social Sciences, 3(1). Pp. 1-11.
Sandell, R., E. Nightingale, 2012, Museums, Equality and Social Justice, London and New York, Routledge.
Shah-Gordon, R., 2016, Intercultural Competence Development through Civic Engagement, PhD Thesis, Antioch University, USA.
Tate, N. B., 2012. Museums as Third Places or What? Accessing the Social Without Reservations. Museums & Social Issues, Volume 7, Number 2, pp. 269–283.
Wu, W. P., Fan, W. W., & Peng, R. Z., 2013, An analysis of the assessment tools for Chinese college students’ intercultural competence, Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 4, 581-592.
Yoo, T., 2010, Assessing the Assessment: A Pragmatic Analysis of the Public Trust and Accountability Characteristics of Accreditable Museums, PhD Thesis, Florida State University.
icom.museum [Accessed 2 September 2016]
moi.ir [Accessed 15 September 2017]
_||_