مقایسه میزان و روند غلظت ذرات گرد و غبار در ارتباط با متغیر های اقلیمی در نیمه غربی ایران

محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی هوا

ناهید محمودی مه پاش ¹ , بابک سوری ²

1 - کارشناس ارشد علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست دانشگاه کردستان
2 - دانشیار گروه محیط زیست دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه کردستان

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/01/30 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/06/22 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/07/01

کلید واژه: غلظت گرد و غبار, تغییرات اقلیمی, نیمه غربی ایران,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: امروزه یکی از مشکلات و بحران های اساسی جوامع بشری وقوع پدیده گرد و غبار است. بنابراین در پژوهش حاضر به مقایسه غلظت گردوغبار در ارتباط با متغیرهای اقلیمی در سه شهر سنندج، خرم آباد و اندیمشک واقع در عرض های جغرافیایی مختلف در نیمه غربی ایران پرداخته شده است.روش بررسی: به منظور سنجش غلظت گرد و غبار از روش نمونه برداری غیر فعال استفاده شد. جهت ارزیابی روند تغییرات و ارتباط آنها با برخی از پارمترهای هواشناسی به ترتیب از روش آزمون من کندال و همبستگی پیرسون استفاده شد.یافته ها: یافته ها نشان داد بیشترین میانگین غلظت گرد و غبار شهرهای سنندج، خرم آباد و اندیمشک به ترتیب به میزان (48/45±0/1،84/14±0/1 و07/1±65/1) میلی گرم بر متر مربع بدست آمد. بررسی روند تغییرات غلظت گرد و غبار نشان داد در میان ایستگاه های مختلف ایستگاه سنندج دارای روند کاهشی در سطح معنی داری 95 درصد (047/0=P-value) می باشد. نتایج ارزیابی همبستگی بین مقادیر گرد و غبار سه ایستگاه با پارامترهای هواشناسی نشان داد، در ایستگاه سنندج بین غلظت گرد و غبار و میانگین دما رابطه مثبت وجود دارد (05/0 p <، 61/0 r =). اما بین غلظت گرد و غبار با رطوبت نسبی (05/0 p <،71/0=r) و بارش (05/0 >p،61/0=r) رابطه منفی مشاهده شد. بین غلظت گرد و غبار و سرعت باد در ایستگاههای خرم آباد (05/0 p <، 61/0=r) و اندیمشک (001/0 p <، 72/0=r) رابطه مثبت و معنادار وجود داشت.بحث و نتیجه گیری: براساس یافته هامی توان نتیجه گرفت مقادیر گرد و غبار در مناطق مختلف بسته به موقعیت جغرافیایی، شرایط توپوگرافی، اقلیمی، پارامترهای هواشناسی و همچنین منشاء آن ها نیز متفاوت است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Purpose: Today one of the issues and essential crises of human societies is incidence of dust phenomenon. Therefore, in researches, the dust concentration has been compared in relation to climatic variables in Sanandaj, Khoramabad and Andimeshk cities located in different geographical areas in the western half of Iran.Material and Methodology: Inactive sampling was done for measuring dust density. Menkendal test and Pierson cohesion were done for assessment of changes process and their relation with some meteorology parameters.Results: Results showed that the most average density of dust in Sanandaj, Khoramabad and Andimeshk cities were (1.45±0.48, 1.14±0.84 & 1.65±1.07) mg to m2. Checking changes process of dust density showed that Sanandaj station has decreasing process in meaningful level 95 percent (P-value=0.047) between different station. Results of cohesion assessment among dust amounts in 3 stations with metrology parameters showed that in Sanandaj station there was positive relation between dust density and temperature average (p < 0.05, r = 0.61), but there was negative relation between dust density with comparative damp (p < 0.05, r = 0.71) and downfall (p < 0.05, r = 0.61) In Khoramabad (p < 0.05, r = 0.61)  and Adimeshk (p < 0.001, r = 0.72) stations there was positive and meaningful relation between dust density and wind speed. Discussion and Conclusion: By these findings it can be concluded that dust amounts in different areas depends on geographical condition, topography requirements, continental, metrology parameters and also their origins are various. 

منابع و مأخذ:

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- Hatami-Manesh M, Mortazavi S, Solgi
E, Mohtadi A. Assessing the capacity of
trees and shrubs species to accumulate of
particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5 and
PM0.2). Iranian Journal of Health and
Environment. 2019;12(1):1-16. eng.
2- Brignole D, Drava G, Minganti V,
Giordani P, Samson R, Vieira J, et al.
Chemical and magnetic analyses on tree
bark as an effective tool for
biomonitoring: A case study in Lisbon
(Portugal). Chemosphere. 2018;195:508-
14.
3- Song C, He J, Wu L, Jin T, Chen X, Li R,
et al. Health burden attributable to
ambient PM2. 5 in China. Environmental
pollution. 2017;223:575-86.
4- Su Y, Liang Y. The foliar uptake and
downward translocation of
trichloroethylene and 1, 2, 3-
trichlorobenzene in air–plant–water
systems. Journal of hazardous materials.
2013;252:300-5.
5- Shahsavani A, Yarahmadi M, Jafarzade
Haghighifard N, Naimabadie A,
Mahmoudian MH, Saki H, et al. Dust
Storms: Environmental and Health
impacts. Journal of North Khorasan
University of Medical Sciences. 
28 فصلنامه انسان و محیط زیست، شماره58 ،پاییز1400 ،صص 17-29 محمودی مه پاش و همکار
2011;2(4):45-56. eng.
6- Griffin DW. Atmospheric movement of
microorganisms in clouds of desert dust
and implications for human health.
Clinical microbiology reviews.
2007;20(3):459-77.
7- Wang Y, Stein AF, Draxler RR, Jesús D,
Zhang X. Global sand and dust storms in
2008: Observation and HYSPLIT model
verification. Atmospheric environment.
2011;45(35):6368-81.
8- Goudarzi G, Shirmardi M, Naimabadi A,
Ghadiri A, Sajedifar J. Chemical and
organic characteristics of PM2. 5
particles and their in-vitro cytotoxic
effects on lung cells: The Middle East
dust storms in Ahvaz, Iran. Science of
The Total Environment. 2019;655:434-
45.
9- Sielicki P, Janik H, Guzman A,
Namieśnik J. The progress in electron
microscopy studies of particulate matters
to be used as a standard monitoring
methodfor air dust pollution. Critical
reviews in analytical chemistry.
2011;41(4):314-34.
10- Fallah zazuli M, Vafaeinezhad A,
Kheirkhah zarkesh MM, Ahmadi dehka
F. Source routing of dust haze
phenomenon in the west and southwest
of Iran and its synoptic analysis by using
remote sensing and GIS. Journal of RS
and GIS for Natural Resources.
2014;5(4):61-78.
11- Mehrabi S, Soltani S, Jafari R. Analyzing
the Relationship Between Dust Storm
Occurrence and Climatic Parameters.
Journal of Water and Soil Science.
20 .81-69:)71(19;15eng.
12- Bauer SE, Im U, Mezuman K, Gao CY.
Desert Dust, Industrialization, and
Agricultural Fires: Health Impacts of
Outdoor Air Pollution in Africa. Journal
of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.
2019;124(7):4104-20.
13- Nadafi K, Nabizadeh N, Soltanianzadeh
Z, Ehrampoush M. Evaluation of dustfall
in the air of Yazd. 2006.
14- Masatoshi Y. Climatology of yellow
sand (Asian sand, Asian dust or Kosa) in
East Asia. Science in China Series D:
Earth Sciences. 2002;45(1):59-70.
15- Zarasvandi A, Moore F, Nazarpour A.
Mineralogy and morphology of dust
storms particles in Khuzestan Province:
XRD and SEM analysis concerning.
Iranian Journal of Crystallography and
Mineralogy. 2011;19 (3): 511-8.
16- Ghahri F, Ranjbar Saadat Abadi A,
Katiraie PS. A study on weather patterns
and dust sources associated with sever
dust events in the summer in the south
west of Iran. Scientific Journal
Management System. 2012;7 (1): 74-93.
17- Kayet N, Pathak K, Chakrabarty A,
Kumar S, Chowdary V, Singh C, et al.
Assessment of foliar dust using Hyperion
and Landsat satellite imagery for mine
environmental monitoring in an open
cast iron ore mining areas. Journal of
Cleaner Production. 2019;218:993-1006.
18- Zeinali B. Investigation of frequency
changes trend of days with dust storms in
western half of Iran. Journal of Natural
Environmental Hazards. 2016;5 (7): 87-
100.
19- Hojati S, Khademi H, Cano AF, Landi A.
Characteristics of dust deposited along a
transect between central Iran and the 
مقایسه میزان و روند غلظت ذرات گرد و غبار در.... 29
Zagros Mountains. Catena. 2012; 88
1:27-36.
20- Verma SK, Deb MK, Suzuki Y, Tsai YI.
Ion chemistry and source identification
of coarse and fine aerosols in an urban
area of eastern central India.
Atmospheric Research. 2010;95 (1):65-
76.
21- Gao Z, Wang X, Shen L, Xiang H, Wang
H. Characteristics of Aerosol Chemical
Compositions and Size Distributions
during a Long-Range Dust Transport
Episode in an Urban City in the Yangtze
River Delta. Atmosphere. 2019;10(2):68.
22- Ta W, Xiao H, Qu J, Xiao Z, Yang G,
Wang T, et al. Measurements of dust
deposition in Gansu Province, China,
1986–2000. Geomorphology. 2004;57
(1-2):41-51.
23- Feng-D Zh, Jie-X G, Zakey A, Giorgy F.
Effects of climate changes on dust
aerosol ove