• Home
  • Emerging 2019-ncov disease: A narrative review on the personal and social preventive behaviors

Share To

Article Url


Manuscript ID : FH-2106-1079 Visit : 185 Page: 13 - 18

Article Type: Original Research

Emerging 2019-ncov disease: A narrative review on the personal and social preventive behaviors

Subject Areas :

Vahid Ranaei 1 , Soudabeh Yarmohammadi 2 , Leyla Alizadeh 3 , Sakineh Dadipoor 4 , Zahra Pilevar 5 , Teamur Aghamolaei 6

1 - Student Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
2 - School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran,Iran
4 - Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
5 - School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
6 - Cardiovascular research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

Received: 2021-05-21 Accepted : 2021-08-06 Published : 2021-09-01

Keywords: Social distance /, Isolation /, Pandemic /, Disinfection, Coronavirus /,

Abstract :

The zoonotic 2019-nCoV is driving an apparent rapid spread among human populations. Apart from deaths and disabilities, the social and economic downturn of viral spread is inevitable. Currently, there isn't any specific vaccine or treatment and there is an urgent need for early interventions based on available information about the subject. In this review article, after an introduction to 2019-nCoV outbreak and behavioral changes, the role of health care workers, universities, and the government is reviewed. In addition, the personal and social controlling behaviors associated with 2019-nCoV disease are comprehensively discussed. Given that medical teams are expected to treat the patients by working for long hours and scarifying their lives, concurrently, sectors such as government, university and health care workers have a critical role in prevention and control measures. Pandemics require changing of social and personal behaviors regarding socialization, hygiene, etc. Implementation of vigilant controlling measures associated with personal and social behaviors such as timely dissemination of accurate information, early identification, and isolation of people who have 2019-nCoV disease, quarantine, stopping mass gatherings, providing advanced remote medical treatments, and education of personal hygiene seems to be the most efficient interventions to contain the pandemic of 2019-nCoV. Personal and social preventive behaviors suppress the peak and slowdowns the rapid spread of outbreaks until effective drugs and vaccines become available.

References:


  1. Chan JF-W, Yuan S, Kok K-H, To KK-W, Chu H, Yang J, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):514-23.
    2.
  2. Drosten C, Günther S, Preiser W, Van Der Werf S, Brodt H-R, Becker S, et al. Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2003;348(20):1967-76.
    3.
  3. Ksiazek TG, Erdman D, Goldsmith CS, Zaki SR, Peret T, Emery S, et al. A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2003;348(20):1953-66.
    4.
  4. de Groot RJ, Baker SC, Baric RS, Brown CS, Drosten C, Enjuanes L, et al. Commentary: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): announcement of the Coronavirus Study Group. Journal of Virology. 2013;87(14):7790-2.
    5.
  5. Sahin AR, Erdogan A, Agaoglu PM, Dineri Y, Cakirci AY, Senel ME, et al. 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Review of the Current Literature. EJMO. 2020;4(1):1-7.
    6.
  6. Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O’Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, et al. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery. 2020;76,71-6.
    7.
  7. Ying L, Albert AG, Annelies W-S, Joacim R. The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to. Journal of Travel Medicine. 2020; 13;27(2):taaa021.
    8.
  8. Anderson RM, Heesterbeek H, Klinkenberg D, Hollingsworth TD. How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic? Lancet. 2020;395(10228):931-4.
    9.
  9. Novel CPERE. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi. 2020;41(2):145.
    10.
  10. George R, George A. Prevention of COVID-19 in the workplace. South African Medical Journal. 2020;110(4).
    11.
  11. Adhikari SP, Meng S, Wu Y-J, Mao Y-P, Ye R-X, Wang Q-Z, et al. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review. Infectious Diseases of Poverty. 2020;9(1):1-12.
    12.
  12. Hemida MG, Alnaeem A. Some One Health based control strategies for the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. One Health. 2019:100102.
    13.
  13. Huh S. How to train the health personnel for protecting themselves from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection during their patient or suspected case care. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions. 2020;17:10.
    14.
  14. Heymann DL, Shindo N. COVID-19: what is next for public health? Lancet. 2020;395(10224):542-5.
    15.
  15. Lunn P, Belton C, Lavin C, McGowan F, Timmons S, Robertson D. Using behavioural science to help fight the coronavirus. ESRI Working Paper No. 656 March 2020. 2020.
    16.
  16. Khedmat L. New coronavirus (2019-nCoV): An insight toward preventive actions and natural medicine. The International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health. 2020;8(1):44-5.
    17.
  17. Khan Z, Muhammad K, Ahmed A, Rahman H. Coronavirus outbreaks: prevention and management recommendations. Drugs & Therapy Perspectives. 2020:1-3.
    18.
  18. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(8):727-33.
    19.
  19. World Health Organization (WHO): Water, sanitation, hygiene and waste management for COVID-19: technical brief, 03 March 2020. World Health Organization, 2020.
    20.
  20. Yang Y, Peng F, Wang R, Guan K, Jiang T, Xu G, et al. The deadly coronaviruses: The 2003 SARS pandemic and the 2020 novel coronavirus epidemic in China. Journal of Autoimmunity. 2020;19,102434.
    21.
  21. Chinazzi M, Davis JT, Ajelli M, Gioannini C, Litvinova M, Merler S, et al. The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Science. 2020; 368(6489):395-400.
    22.
  22. Peeri NC, Shrestha N, Rahman MS, Zaki R, Tan Z, Bibi S, et al. The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned? International Journal of Epidemiology. 2020; 49(3):717-726.
    23.
  23. Watkins J. Preventing a covid-19 pandemic. British Medical Journal Publishing Group; 2020;368.
    24.
  24. Milton DK, Fabian MP, Cowling BJ, Grantham ML, McDevitt JJ. Influenza virus aerosols in human exhaled breath: particle size, culturability, and effect of surgical masks. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(3).
    25.
  25. Svoboda T, Henry B, Shulman L, Kennedy E, Rea E, Ng W, et al. Public health measures to control the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome during the outbreak in Toronto. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2004;350(23):2352-61.
    26.
  26. World Health Organization (WHO): Rational use of personal protective equipment for coronavirus disease (COVID-19): interim guidance, 27 February 2020. World Health Organization, 2020.
    27.
  27. MacIntyre CR, Seale H, Dung TC, Hien NT, Nga PT, Chughtai AA, et al. A cluster randomised trial of cloth masks compared with medical masks in healthcare workers. BMJ open. 2015;5(4):e006577.
    28.
  28. Zhai J. Facial mask: A necessity to beat COVID-19. Build Environ. 2020.
    29.
  29. Nicas M, Best D. A study quantifying the hand-to-face contact rate and its potential application to predicting respiratory tract infection. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 2008;5(6):347-52.
    30.
  30. Kwok YLA, Gralton J, McLaws M-L. Face touching: A frequent habit that has implications for hand hygiene. American Journal of Infection Control. 2015;43(2):112-4.
    31.
  31. Morita K, Hashimoto K, Ogata M, Tsutsumi H, Tanabe S-i, Hori S, editors. Measurement of Face-touching Frequency in a Simulated Train. E3S Web of Conferences; 2019: EDP Sciences.
    32.
  32. Cheng VC, Tai JW, Ho SK, Chan JF, Hung KN, Ho PL, et al. Introduction of an electronic monitoring system for monitoring compliance with Moments 1 and 4 of the WHO" My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene" methodology. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2011;11(1):151.
    33.
  33. Boyce J, Chartier Y, Chraiti M, Cookson B, Damani N, Dharan S. WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2009.
    34.
  34. Siddharta A, Pfaender S, Vielle NJ, Dijkman R, Friesland M, Becker B, et al. Virucidal Activity of World Health Organization–Recommended Formulations Against Enveloped Viruses, Including Zika, Ebola, and Emerging Coronaviruses. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2017;215(6):902-6.
    35.
  35. World Health Organization (WHO): Guidelines for drinking-water quality: first addendum to the fourth edition. 2017.
    36.
  36. Rutala WA, Weber DJ. Guideline for disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities, 2008. 2008.
    37.
  37. Eponyms A. Email/Username: Password: Remember me. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001;218(2):161-80.
    38.
  38. Te Velthuis AJ, van den Worm SH, Sims AC, Baric RS, Snijder EJ, van Hemert MJ. Zn2+ inhibits coronavirus and arterivirus RNA polymerase activity in vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these viruses in cell culture. PLOS Pathogens. 2010;6(11).
    39.
  39. Hellewell J, Abbott S, Gimma A, Bosse NI, Jarvis CI, Russell TW, et al. Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts. The Lancet Global Health. 2020;8,4e451-e611.
    40.
  40. Zhang Y, Jiang B, Yuan J, Tao Y. The impact of social distancing and epicenter lockdown on the COVID-19 epidemic in mainland China: A data-driven SEIQR model study. MedRxiv. 2020.
    41.
  41. Shao P. Impact of city and residential unit lockdowns on prevention and control of COVID-19. MedRxiv. 2020.
    42.
  42. Stoney RJ, Esposito DH, Kozarsky P, Hamer DH, Grobusch MP, Gkrania-Klotsas E, et al. Infectious diseases acquired by international travellers visiting the USA. Journal of Travel Medicine. 2018;25(1):tay053.
    43.
  43. Cetron M, Simone P. Battling 21st-century scourges with a 14th-century toolbox. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2004;10(11):2053.
    44.
  44. Ying S, Li F, Geng X, Li Z, Du X, Chen H, et al. Spread and control of COVID-19 in China and their associations with population movement, public health emergency measures, and medical resources. MedRxiv. 2020.
    45.
  45. Li Y, Yu IT, Xu P, Lee JHW, Wong TW, Ooi PL, et al. Predicting super spreading events during the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemics in Hong Kong and Singapore. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2004;160(8):719-28.
    46.
  46. World Health Organization (WHO): Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Geneva, Switzerland. 2005.
    47.
  47. Cheung JC, Ho LT, Cheng JV, Cham EYK, Lam KN. Staff safety during emergency airway management for COVID-19 in Hong Kong. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020;8(4):e19.
    48.
  48. Bawazir A, Al-Mazroo E, Jradi H, Ahmed A, Badri M. MERS-CoV infection: Mind the public knowledge gap. Journal of Infection and Public Health. 2018;11(1):89-93.
    49.
  49. Vassis D, Belsis P, Skourlas C, Pantziou G. Providing advanced remote medical treatment services through pervasive environments. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. 2010;14(6):563-73.
    50.
  50. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lance 2020;395(10224):565-74.
    51.
  51. World Health Organization (WHO): Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public. 2020.
    52.

Related articles

The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024

Home| Login| About Us| Contact Us|
[فارسی] [العربية] [fa] [ar]