مروری بر گیاه دارویی گل گاوزبان ایرانی (.Echium amoenum Fisch & C.A. Mey)
محورهای موضوعی :
نورالدین حسین پورآزاد
1
(استادیار، گروه علوم گیاهی و گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی مشگین‌شهر، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران)
حامد آراستگی مرنی
2
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی مشگین‌شهر، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران)
شیما بورنگ
3
(دانشجوی دکترای بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران)
کلید واژه: آنتی‌اکسیدان, ژرم‌پلاسم, آلفالینولنیک, گامالینولنیک,
چکیده مقاله :
تیره گاو زبان (Boraginaceae) دارای حدود 2000 گونه گیاهی است که در 100 جنس قرار داده شده‌اند. گیاهان این تیره در تمام مناطق معتدله و گرم به ویژه منطقه مدیترانه و مناطق آفریقای شمالی و جنوبی، اروپا، جزایر قناری و شرق آسیا می‌رویند. کشور ایران از جمله منابع مهم ذخایر ژرم پلاسم نوعی از گیاهان این خانواده به نام گل گاو زبان ایرانی می‌باشد. این گیاه با نام علمی Echium amoenum در مناطق کوهستانی و تا ارتفاع 2500 متر از سطح دریا رویش دارد. به منظور دسترسی کامل و یک جا به اطلاعات این گیاهان، نیاز ضروری است که اطلاعات لازم در قالب مقالات مروری در اختیار زارعین و محققین قرار داده شود. گل گاو زبان ایرانی حاوی ترکیبات زیست فعالی است که دارای اثرات سلامتی بخش ضد اکسیدانی، ضدباکتریایی، ضدویروسی، ضددیابتی، ضدالتهابی، مسکنی و تنظیم کننده سیستم ایمنی می باشد. در طب سنتی از گلبرگ‌های این گیاه به عنوان مدر، مسکن، معرق و کاهنده فشار خون استفاده می‌شود، این گیاه دارای بذور غنی از اسیدهای چرب ضروری آلفا لینولنیک و گامالینولنیک بوده که از جمله اسیدهای چرب ضروری مورد نیاز در ساختار پروستاگلاندین‌های دخیل در سنتز دیواره میلین عصبی بوده و به همین جهت در تهیه مکمل‌های دارویی برای پیشگیری از بیماری‌های عصبی همچون ام اس (M.S) به‌کار می‌رود. این گیاه به جهت بومی بودن و سازگاری به اکثر اقلیم‌های کشور از جمله پتانسیل‌های بالقوه در توسعه بخش گیاهان دارویی بوده که با توسعه کشت، تأمین طیف وسیعی از مواد موثره داروهای عرضه شده در داروخانه‌های کشور امکان پذیر بوده و خودکفایی در بخش دارویی را تسهیل خواهد نمود.
Introduction: The Boraginaceae family has about 2,000 species of plants in 100 genera. The plants of this family grow in all temperate and warm regions, especially the Mediterranean region and North and South Africa, Europe, the Canary Islands, and East Asia. Iran is one of the important sources of germplasm reserves of a type of plant in this family commonly called Gol Gav Zaban. This plant with the scientific name of Echium amoenum grows in mountainous areas up to 2500 meters above sea level. In order to have full and integrated access to the information on these plants, it is necessary to provide the necessary information in the form of review articles to farmers and researchers.Experimental: In this research, focusing on some keywords related to this plant such as: botany, chemical compounds, medicinal properties, cultivation method and biotechnology, related articles extracted from scientific sites Like Science direct and PubMed, then used as necessary information.Results and Disscussion: According to the information obtained, in traditional medicine, the petals of this plant are used as a diuretic, analgesic, diaphoretic, and blood pressure reducer. it oilseeds are rich in essential fatty acids such as alpha-linoleic and gamma-linoleic, which are the necessary precursor in the structure of prostaglandins involved in the synthesis of the myelin wall, therefore is used in the preparation of medicinal supplements to prevent neurological diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS).Extension:Due to the nativeness of this plant and its adaptation to most climates of the country, it is one of the potentials in the development of medicinal plants. With the development of cultivation, it is possible to supply a wide range of active ingredients of medicines offered in pharmacies, And can facilitate self-sufficiency in the pharmaceutical fields.
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