بررسی اثر کودهای زیستی بر برخی از صفات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. تحت رژیم‌های رطوبتی مختلف خاک

محورهای موضوعی : فیزیولوژی محیطی

رامین چم ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری، گروه خاکشناسی، واحد مرودشت،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،مرودشت،ایران)
سید علی ابطحی ² (استاد، گروه خاکشناسی،واحد مرودشت،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،مرودشت،ایران)
مجتبی جعفری نیا ³ (استادیار، گروه زیست شناسی،واحد مرودشت،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،مرودشت،ایران)
جعفر یثربی ⁴ (استادیار، گروه علوم خاک،دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه شیراز،شیراز،ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/11/12 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/02/09 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/06/01

کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, باکتری‌های محرک رشد, زرین گیاه, صفات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی,

چکیده مقاله :

زرین گیاهBoiss. Dracocephalum kotschyi از مهمترین گیاهان دارویی خانواده نعناعیان (Lamiaceae) است تغییرات برخی از صفات فیزیولوژیکی، اثر کود‌های زیستی در چهار سطح بر رشد زرین گیاه در شرایط که به علت تحمیل شرایط نامساعد محیطی در حال انقراض است. به‌منظور بررسی کارایی کود‌های زیستی بر روی تنش خشکی در سه سطح (آبیاری تا تکمیل 4٠، 6٠ و 80 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه‌ای) آزمایشی در سال ۱۳۹۸ به اجرا درآمد. بررسی روند تغییرات رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی، فلورسانس کلروفیل و میزان نسبی آب برگ در زرین گیاه نشان داد که با افزایش تنش خشکی میزان کلروفیل a، b و کلروفیل کل به همراه فلورسانس کلروفیل (Fv/Fm) کاهش معنی‌داری داشت. در حالی که مصرف کود‌های زیستی سوپرنیتروپلاس و بیوفسفر در شرایط آبیاری تا تکمیل ۶٠ و ۴٠ درصد ظرفیت مزرعه ای به‌طور معنی‌داری میزان صفات فوق‌الذکر را در برگ‌های زرین گیاه در مقایسه با گیاهان تیمار شده با کود نیتروکسین و گیاهان شاهد بالاتر نگه داشت. افزایش شدت خشکی همچنین باعث افزایش معنی‌دار در کربوهیدرات‌ها، پروتیین‌های محلول، آنتوسیانین‌ها و فلاونویید‌ها گردید، که البته مصرف کود‌های زیستی حاوی باکتری‌های محرک رشد٬ میزان این ترکیبات در مقایسه با شاهد همراه با افزایش بیشتری بود. بیشترین میزان آنتوسیانین (۸۲/۳۷ میلی‌گرم بر گرم بافت تازه) و ترکیبات فلاونویید‌ها (۶۲/۱۶ میلی‌گرم بر گرم بافت تازه) مربوط به گیاهان رشد یافته تحت تنش خشکی شدید (آبیاری تا تکمیل ۴٠ درصد ظرفیت مزرعه‌ای) و مصرف کود زیستی بیوفسفر به‌دست آمد. براساس نتایج این آزمایش استفاده از کود‌های زیستی سوپرنیتروپلاس و بیوفسفر باعث بهبود خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی زرین گیاه در هر دو شرایط تنش کم آبی و بدون تنش گردید. افزایش صفات اندازه‌گیری شده، نشان‌دهنده نوعی سازگاری به شرایط تنش خشکی به حساب می‌آید.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Dracocephalum kotschyi is one of the most important medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family, which is endangered due to unfavorable environmental conditions. Therefore, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of biofertilizers on changes in some physiological and biochemical traits, the effect of biofertilizers at four levels (nitroxin, super nitroplus, biophosphorus and non-use of biofertilizer) on Dracocephalum kotschyi growth under drought stress at three levels (irrigation until the completion of 80%, 60 and 40% of field capacity), an experiment in 1398 in the form of factorial in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in a greenhouse was carried out. The study of changes in photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf relative water content in Dracocephalum kotschyi in response to various biofertilizers and different irrigation regimes showed that with increasing drought stress, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll along with chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) had a significant decrease. While the use of supernitroplus and biophosphorus biofertilizers in irrigation conditions up to 60 and 40% of field capacity significantly increased the above-mentioned traits in the Dracocephalum kotschyi leaves in comparison with plants treated with nitroxin fertilizer and control plants (Without biofertilizer). Increased drought intensity also caused a significant increase in carbohydrates, soluble proteins, anthocyanins and flavonoids, although the use of biofertilizers containing growth-promoting bacteria, further enhanced the amount of these compounds compared to the control (no fertilizer treatment). The highest levels of anthocyanins (37.82 mg g-1 fresh weight) and flavonoid compounds (16.62 mg g-1 fresh weight) were found in plants grown under severe drought stress (irrigation up to 40% of field capacity) and Biophosphorus application.

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