استخراج و تعیین ترکیب‌های تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس اندام‌های رویشی و زایشی مریم¬گلی لوله¬ای (Salvia macrosiphon Boiss.) در رویشگاه طبیعی استان فارس
محورهای موضوعی : اکولوژی محیطی
کلید واژه: اسانس, اندام گیاه, ترکیبات استری, تیره نعناع, مریم‌گلی لوله‌ای,
چکیده مقاله :
در این پژوهش برای اولین بار ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس اندام¬های مختلف (گل، برگ و ساقه) گونه دارویی و خودرو مریم¬گلی لوله¬ای با نام علمی Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. از تیره نعناع (Lamiaceae) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در این آزمایش، تعداد 30 تک¬بوته کامل در مرحله گلدهی به صورت تصادفی از منطقه جهرم استان فارس انتخاب و به سه گروه مساوی تقسیم شدند. سپس اندام¬های مختلف شامل گل، برگ و ساقه از یکدیگر تفکیک گردیدند. استخراج اسانس از هر اندام با سه تکرار و در هر تکرار 200 گرم ماده گیاهی به¬روش تقطیر با آب و با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر، صورت گرفته و ترکیبات شیمیایی آنها با دستگاه گاز کروماتوگرافی (GC) و گاز کروماتوگرافی متصل به طیف¬سنج جرمی (GC-MS) شناسایی گردید. عملکرد متوسط اسانس اندام¬های مختلف گل، برگ و ساقه به¬ترتیب 48/0، 28/0 و 06/0 درصد (وزنی/وزنی) به¬دست آمد. تعداد کل ترکیبات شناسایی و اندازه‌گیری شده عبارت بود از 25 ترکیب در گل، 18 ترکیب در برگ و 21 ترکیب در ساقه که به ترتیب 1/93 درصد، 4/93 درصد و 2/92 درصد از کل اسانس را در بر گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه ترکیبات اسانس نشان داد که گل دارای مقدار بالایی از لینالول بود. این در حالی است که ترکیبات بی¬سیکلو جرماکرن + ای- کاریوفیلن و جرماکرن دی + بی¬سیکلو جرماکرن اجزای اصلی در برگ و ساقه بودند. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که هیدروکربن¬های سزکوئی¬ترپنی بعنوان گروه مشترک و بالاترین مقدار در سه اندام مورد مطالعه، در برگ (1/69 درصد)، ساقه (0/68 درصد) و گل (5/34 درصد)، حاصل گردید. بیشترین مقدار ترکیبات مونوترپن‌های اکسیژن¬دار در گل به مقدار 3/27 درصد و مربوط به ترکیب لینالول یافت شد. در مجموع، اندام¬های مختلف مریم¬گلی لوله¬ای از کمیت و کیفیت اسانس متفاوتی برخوردار هستند و در بین آنها، گل‌ها برای تولید اسانس و ترکیب لینالول بیشتر توصیه می¬شوند.
This study is the first to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils in three organs (flower, leaf and stem) of Salvia macrosiphon Boiss., which grows wild and belongs to Lamiaceae family, in Fras procince. In the present experiment, 30 plants in full at flowering stage were randomly prepared from the Jahrom region of Fars province and divided into three groups of 10 and then flowers, leaves, and stems of each group were isolated for testing. Essential oil was extracted from each organ with three replications as in each repetition 200 g of plant material was used by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by a combination of GC-FID and GC-MS techniques to check their chemical variability. The mean yields of essential oil (w/w%) in flowers, leaves, and stems were , 0.48%, 0.28%, and 0.06%, respectively. The total number of compounds identified and quantified were twenty-five in flowers, eighteen in leaves and twenty-one in stems, representing 93.1%, 93.4% and 92.2% of the total oil, respectively. Results of essential oil compound analysis illustrated that flower expressed a high content of linalool. Meanwhile, bicyclogermacrene + (E)-caryophyllene and germacrene D + bicyclogermacrene were the major compounds in leaf and stem organs, respectively. Also, results showed that , in the three studied organs, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the common group with the highest amountin leaves (69.1%), stems (68.0%), and flowers (34.5%). The highest level of oxygenated monoterpens was found in the flower part, represented by 27.3% of linalool. In conclusion, the plant organs of S. macrosiphon had different qualities and concentrations of essential oil. Flowers were the most beneficial organ of this species for essential oil and linalool compound productions.
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