The effect of foli Analysis and Identification of Essential Oil Constituents in the Vegetative and Reproductive Organs of Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. in Natural Habitat of Fars Province
Subject Areas : Environmental ecology
Keywords: Essential oil, Ester compounds, Lamiaceae, Plant part, Salvia macrosiphon,
Abstract :
This study is the first to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils in three organs (flower, leaf and stem) of Salvia macrosiphon Boiss., which grows wild and belongs to Lamiaceae family, in Fras procince. In the present experiment, 30 plants in full at flowering stage were randomly prepared from the Jahrom region of Fars province and divided into three groups of 10 and then flowers, leaves, and stems of each group were isolated for testing. Essential oil was extracted from each organ with three replications as in each repetition 200 g of plant material was used by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by a combination of GC-FID and GC-MS techniques to check their chemical variability. The mean yields of essential oil (w/w%) in flowers, leaves, and stems were , 0.48%, 0.28%, and 0.06%, respectively. The total number of compounds identified and quantified were twenty-five in flowers, eighteen in leaves and twenty-one in stems, representing 93.1%, 93.4% and 92.2% of the total oil, respectively. Results of essential oil compound analysis illustrated that flower expressed a high content of linalool. Meanwhile, bicyclogermacrene + (E)-caryophyllene and germacrene D + bicyclogermacrene were the major compounds in leaf and stem organs, respectively. Also, results showed that , in the three studied organs, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the common group with the highest amountin leaves (69.1%), stems (68.0%), and flowers (34.5%). The highest level of oxygenated monoterpens was found in the flower part, represented by 27.3% of linalool. In conclusion, the plant organs of S. macrosiphon had different qualities and concentrations of essential oil. Flowers were the most beneficial organ of this species for essential oil and linalool compound productions.
Adams, R.P. (2011). Identification of essential oils by ion trap mass spectroscopy. Academic Press, New York.
Amin, A. (2020). The most common traditional medicinal plants in Iran. Choogan Publication. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Arvin, P. and Firouzeh, R. (2022). Study on phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and essential oil compounds of Chenopodium botrys L. from Raz and Jargalan regions. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research. 38(4): 519-531. (In Persian)
Bahadori, M.B., Valizadeh, H., Asghari, B., Dinparast, L., Bahadori, S. and Moridi Farimani, M. (2016). Biological activities of Salvia santolinifolia Boiss. a multifunctional medicinal plant. Current Bioactive Compounds. 12(4): 297-305.
Bahadori, M.B., Valizadeh, H. and Farimani, M.M. (2016). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the volatile oil of Salvia santolinifolia Boiss. from southeast of Iran. Pharmaceutical Sciences. 22(1): 42-48.
Bakhshi Khaniki, G. and Lari Yazdi, H. (2009). Survey on essential oils composition in Salvia limbata & Salvia macrosiphon. Biology Journal. 4(1): 33-42.
Biswas, K.K., Foster, A.J., Aung, T. and Mahmoud, S.S. (2009). Essential oil production: relationship with abundance of glandular trichomes in aerial surface of plants. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 31: 13–19.
Charchari, S., Chafaa, I., Kassoussi, K., Zekri, M.M., Benhalla, A. and Boudina, N. (2010). Glandular trichomes, secretory cavities and essential oil of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.). Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 13(3): 267-274.
British Pharmacopoeia. (2007). Appendix XI. Vol. 2, HMSO, London.
Clark, S. (2001). Cell signaling at the shoot meristem. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2: 276–284.
Clebsch, B. (2003). The new book of Salvias: Sages for every garden. Timber Press, Portland.
Davies, N.W. (1998). Gas chromatographic retention indices of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on methyl silicon and Carbowax 20M phases. Journal of Chromatography. 503: 1-24.
Feduraev, P., Chupakhina, G., Maslennikov, P., Tacenko, N. and Skrypnik, L. (2019). Variation in phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of different plant organs from Rumex crispus L. and Rumex obtusifolius L. at different growth stages. Antioxidants. 8(7): 237.
Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., Pedro, L.G. and Scheffer, J.J.C. (2008). Factors affecting secondary metabolite production in plants: volatile components and essential oils. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 23(4), 213–226.
Gohari, A.R., Ebrahimi, H., Saeidnia, S., Foruzani, M., Ebrahimi, P. and Ajani, Y. (2011). Flavones and flavone glycosides from Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 10(2): 247-251.
Guesmi, F., Saidi, I., Bouzenna, H., Hfaiedh, N. and Landoulsi, A. (2019). Phytocompound variability, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, anatomical features of glandular and aglandular hairs of Thymus hirtus Willd. Ssp. algeriensis Boiss. and Reut. over developmental stages. South African Journal of Botany. 127: 234–243.
Giuliani, C., Ascrizzi, R., Tani, C., Bottoni, M., Maleci Bini, L., Flamini, G. and Fico, G. (2017). Salvia uliginosa Benth.: Glandular trichomes as bio-factories of volatiles and essential oil. Flora. 233: 12–21.
Hamedi, A., Jamshidzadeh, A., Ahmadi, S., Sohrabpour, M. and Zarshenas, M.M. (2016). Salvia macrosiphon seeds and seed oil: pharmacognostic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy. 3(4): 27-37.
Hazzoumi, Z., Moustakime, Y. and Amrani Joutei, K. (2020). Essential oil and glandular hairs: diversity and roles. Essential Oils of Nature. 2: 1-16.
Hedayati, A., Mirjalili.M.H. and Hadian, J. (2016). Chemical diversity in the essential oil from different plant organs of Salvia sahendica Boiss. & Buhse. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology) 29: 908-918. (In Persian)
Heydari, Z., Yavari, A., Jafari, L. and Mumivand, H. (2020). Study on the chemical diversity of essential oil from different plant parts of Salvia sharifii Rech. f. & Esfand. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 36(4): 627-641. (In Persian)
Jalali, K., Yavari, A., Jafari, L. and Mumivand, H. (2021). Comparison of essential oil content and composition of different parts from Teucrium polium L. in natural habitat of Kerman province. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 10: 175-188. (In Persian)
Jamwal, K., Bhattacharya, S. and Puri, S. (2018). Plant growth regulator mediated consequences of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 9: 26-38.
Jamzad, Z. (2012). Flora of Iran (Vol. 76): Lamiaceae. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran.
Javidnia, K., Miri, R. and Jamalia, A. (2005). Composition of the essential oil of Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. from Iran. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 20: 542–543.
Jiyanpour, M. and Yavari, A. (2022). Extraction and determination of content and composition of essential oils of vegetative and reproductive organs of Zataria multiflora. Plant Process and Function. 11(49): 55-62. (In Persian)
Karalija, E., Dahija, S., Tarkowski, P. and Ćavar Zeljković, S. (2022). Influence of climate-related environmental stresses on economically important essential oils of Mediterranean Salvia sp. Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 864807.
Li, Y., Kong, D., Fu, Y., Sussman, M.R. and Wu, H. (2020). The effect of developmental and environmental factors on secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 148: 80-89.
Ma, H. (2005). Molecular genetic analyses of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis in flowering plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology. 56: 393-434.
Maina, S., Ryu, D.H., Bakari, G., Misinzo, G., Nho, C.W. and Kim, H.Y. (2021). Variation in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of various organs of African Cabbage (Cleome gynandra L.) accessions at different growth stages. Antioxidants. 10(12): 1952.
Matloubi Moghddam, F., Amin, G. and Safavi Poorsohi, E. (2000). Composition of stem bark essential oil from Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 8(1-2): 28-29. (In Persian)
Mozaffarian, V. (2007). A Dictionary of Iranian plant names. Farhang Moaser, Tehran, Iran.
Omidbaigi, R. (2007). Approaches to the production and processing of medicinal plants, Volume I, Behnashr Publication. Mashad.
Rajabi, Z., Ebrahimi, M., Farajpour, M., Mirza, M. and Ramshini, H. (2014). Compositions and yield variation of essential oils among and within nine Salvia species from various areas of Iran. Industrial Crops and Products. 61: 233–239.
Rechinger, K.H. (1982). Flora Iranica (Vol. 152). Graz: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Austria.
Sajjadi, S.E., Emami, S.A. and Nemati, R. (2000). Composition of the essential oil of Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. Pharmaceutical Sciences. 3: 51-56.
Sefidkon, F., Mirza, M. and Javidtash, I. (2005). Essential oil composition of Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. from Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 8(2): 126-129.
Shibamoto, T. (1987). Retention indices in essential oil analysis. In Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis, Sandra P, Bichi C (Eds). Alfred Heuthig, New York.
Tiwari, P. (2016). Recent advances and challenges in trichome research and essential oil biosynthesis in Mentha arvensis L. Industrial Crops and Products. 82: 141–148.
Verma, N. and Shukla, S. (2015). Impact of various factors responsible for fluctuation in plant secondary metabolites. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 2(4): 105-113.
Valifard, M., Mohsenzadeh, S. and Kholdebarin, B. (2017). Salinity Effects on phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Salvia macrosiphon. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science. 41: 295–300. (In Persian)
Xu, X., Smaczniak, C., Muino, J.M. and Kaufmann, K. (2021). Cell identity specification in plants: lessons from flower development. Journal of Experimental Botany. 72(12): 4202-4217.
Yavari, A. (2022). Study on essential oil variability of Salvia sharifii Rech. f. & Esfand. in different natural habitats of Hormozgan province. Ecophytochemistry Journal of Medicinal Plants. 9(4): 33-47. (In Persian