نظام حقوقی استفاده از انرژی هسته‌ای در فعالیت‌های نظامی ممنوع نشده با تأکید بر قضیه آکوس
محورهای موضوعی : تحقیقات حقوقی بین المللی
1 - پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای
کلید واژه: آژانس بین‌المللی انرژی اتمی, پادمان, پیمان آکوس, فعالیت نظامی ممنوع نشده انرژی هسته¬ای, ,
چکیده مقاله :
حقوق بین‌الملل، درعین‌حال که کشورهای غیر دارنده سلاح هسته‌ای را از دستیابی به سلاح هسته‌ای منع نموده، با رعایت شرایطی به آن‌ها اجازه داده است مواد هسته‌ای را در فعالیت‌های نظامی ممنوع نشده استفاده نموده و اعمال پادمان آژانس بین‌المللی انرژی اتمی نسبت به آن را مستثنا نمایند. متعاقب انعقاد پیمان آکوس فی‌مابین امریکا، انگلستان و استرالیا در سپتامبر 2021 مبنی بر انتقال 12 فروند زیردریایی هسته‌ای نظامی از سوی دو دولت نخست به استرالیا (معروف به پیمان آکوس)، موضوع امکان مستثنا نمودن پادمان آژانس نسبت به این فعالیت‌ها، به یک نگرانی بین‌المللی تبدیل گردیده و در دستور کار شورای حکام آژانس قرار گرفت. اینکه به لحاظ حقوقی فعالیت‌های نظامی ممنوع نشده متضمن چه مفهومی بوده و مبانی و جایگاه حقوقی و همچنین شرایط بهره‌مندی از آن در حقوق بین‌الملل به چه صورت می‌باشد پرسشی است که مقاله حاضر به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و با تأکید بر قضیه آکوس به بررسی آن پرداخته است. یافته‌های این پژوهش حاکی از آن است که حقوق بین‌الملل موجود با رعایت شرایطی برخورداری کشورهای غیر دارنده سلاح هسته‌ای از کاربردهای نظامی ممنوع نشده انرژی هسته‌ای و مستثنا نمودن فعالیت‌های مربوط به آن از شمول پادمان آژانس را اجازه داده، لیکن اعطای چنین اجازه‌ای به این کشورها، خلا حقوقی نظام منع گسترش هسته‌ای تلقی و نگرانی‌های بین‌المللی را موجب شده است
International law, while prohibiting non-nuclear weapon states from acquiring nuclear weapons, has allowed them to use nuclear materials in non-proscribed military activities and under certain conditions, exclude them from International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards. Following the conclusion of the Pact between the US, UK and Australia in September 2021 to transfer of 12 military nuclear submarines by the first two states to Australia (known as the Aukus Pact), non-applicability of the Agency safeguard to these activities has become an international concern and the issue was placed on the agenda of the Board of Governors of the Agency. The legal definition of the this non proscribed military activity or and also legal base of permissibility of using nuclear materials in these activities in international law are question the present article has studied I in a descriptive-analytical way with an emphasis on the Ankus Case. The findings of this research indicate that the existing international law allows the non-nuclear weapon states to enjoy the non-proscribed military uses of nuclear energy and to exclude its related activities from the the Agency safeguards, but this is regarded as a grey area and a legal lacuna of the nuclear non-proliferation regime has caused international concerns.
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