طراحی مدل توسعه پایدار ورزش همگانی عراق: رویکرد نظریه زمینه ای کلاسیک گلیزری
علی غانم عبدالغنی
1
(
دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
)
رسول نظری
2
(
دانشیار، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران.
)
ضرغام الجدان
3
(
استادیار، گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه بصره، عراق
)
خسرو جلالی
4
(
دانشیار، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران.
)
کلید واژه: توسعه پایدار , پایدارسازی, عملکرد پایدار, ورزش همگانی. ,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: توسعه پایدار ورزش، بهویژه در ورزش همگانی کمتر موردتوجه بوده است. هدف تحقیق حاضر طراحی مدل توسعه پایدار ورزش همگانی عراق بود.
روششناسی: تحقیق مبتنی بر پارادایم تفسیری و با روش نظریه داده بنیاد گلیزری اجرا شد. با 17 نفر از خبرگان ورزشی در عراق بهصورت هدفمند مصاحبههای عمیق نیمه ساختاریافته انجام شد. دادهها با کدگذاری باز، انتخابی و نظری تجزیهوتحلیل شد.
یافتهها: تعداد 121 کد باز نهایی تولید شد که در سه بخش دستهبندی شدند. سیستم ورزش همگانی عراق با ابعاد زیرساختی و فیزیکی، عمومی، برنامهای، مالی، و نگرشی-شناختی؛ فرآیند اجتماعی پایه با ابعاد نیروهای شکننده چرخه معیوب سیستم ورزش همگانی، زمینههای پایدارسازی، عناصر حمایتی پایدارسازی، و اقدامات پایدارسازی پایه و پیشرفته، و اثرات سیستم پایدار ورزش همگانی با ابعاد کارکردهای درون سیستمی و فرا سیستمی بود.
نتیجهگیری: برای حرکت به سمت پایداری در ورزش همگانی عراق ضمن شکستن چرخه معیوب حاکم بر سیستم فعلی، باید با تمرکز بر فرآیند اجتماعی پایه و اقدامات پایدارسازی پایه و پیشرفته موجبات ظهور یک وضعیت پایدار در ساختار ورزش همگانی عراق را فراهم نمود، که این سیستم پایدار ورزش همگانی کارکردهای مثبت درون سیستمی و برون سیستمی را به دنبال خواهد داشت.
چکیده انگلیسی :
Objective: The sustainable development of sports, especially in sport for all, has been given less attention. The aim of the current research was to design a model of sustainable development of sport for all in Iraq.
Methodology: The research was conducted based on interpretive paradigm and with the data theory method of Glazeri Foundation. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 sports experts in Iraq. Data were analyzed by open, selective and theoretical coding.
Findings: 121 final open codes were produced, which were categorized into three sections. Iraq's sport for all system with infrastructural and physical, general, programmatic, financial, and attitudinal-cognitive dimensions; The basic social process with the dimensions of the fragile forces of the vicious cycle of the sport for all system, the fields of stabilization, the supporting elements of stabilization, and the basic and advanced stabilization measures, and the effects of the sustainable system of sport for all with the dimensions of intra-system and extra-system functions.
Conclusion: In order to move towards sustainability in Iraq's sport for all while breaking the vicious cycle that governs the current system, it is necessary to focus on the basic social process and basic and advanced stabilization measures to create a stable situation in the structure of Iraqi sport for all, which this system Sustainable sport for all will have positive intra-system and extra-system functions.
Alizadeh, V., Shahlai Bagheri, J., Honari, H., & Shabani bahar, G. (2020). Determine Strategies and Consequences of Handball Development of IRAN Based on the Grounded Theory approach. Sport Management and Development, 9(4), 88-108. (Persian). https://doi.org/10.22124/jsmd.2020.16194.2288
Artinian, B. M., Giske, T., & Cone, P. H. (2009). Glaserian Grounded Theory in Nursing Research: Trusting Emergence. Springer Publishing Company. https://books.google.com/books?id=x40H5m4WBmcC
Bahmanpour, H., & Shajie, R. (2018). Sustainability through sport: implementing Agenda 21 of the Olympic Movement (1 ed.). Shourafarin. (Persian).
Bailey, R., Hillman, C., Arent, S., & Petitpas, A. (2013). Physical activity: an underestimated investment in human capital? Journal of Physical Activity Health, 10(3), 289-308.
Chalip, L. H., Johnson, A. T., & Stachura, L. (1996). National Sports Policies: An International Handbook. Bloomsbury Academic. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQvDEAAAQBAJ
De Bosscher, V., De Knop, P., Van Bottenburg, M., & Shibli, S. (2006). A conceptual framework for analysing sports policy factors leading to international sporting success. European Sport Management Quarterly, 6(2), 185-215.
De Bosscher, V., De Knop, P., Van Bottenburg, M., Shibli, S., & Bingham, J. (2009). Explaining international sporting success: An international comparison of elite sport systems and policies in six countries. Sport Management Review, 12(3), 113-136.
Dohlsten, J., Barker-Ruchti, N., & Lindgren, E.-C. (2021). Sustainable elite sport: Swedish athletes’ voices of sustainability in athletics. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise Health, 13(5), 727-742.
Ghorbani, M. H., & Safari Jafarloo, H. R. (2021). The functions of Sport and Physical Education for Iran's Sustainable Development (A Grounded Theory model). Sport Management and Development, 10(1), 32-46. (Persian). https://doi.org/10.22124/jsmd.2021.5048
Ghorbani, M. H., Safari Jafarloo, H. R., & Esmaeili, M. R. (2020). Sustainable Development Through Sport: Barriers and Strategies. Sport Management Studies, 12(60), 83-102. (Persian). https://doi.org/10.22089/smrj.2020.8198.2808
Glaser, B. G. (1978). Theoretical sensitivity: advances in the methodology of grounded theory. Sociology Press. https://books.google.com/books?id=73-2AAAAIAAJ
Glaser, B. G., & Holton, J. (2005). Basic social processes. Grounded theory review, 4(3), 1-29.
Green, M., & Houlihan, B. (2005). Elite Sport Development: Policy Learning and Political Priorities. Routledge. https://books.google.com/books?id=tTQdm3PnmoIC
Green, M., & Oakley, B. (2001). Elite sport development systems and playing to win: uniformity and diversity in international approaches. Leisure Studies, 20(4), 247-267.
Hashemi, M. S., Nasrollahi, Z., & Bameri, S. (2017). The affecting factors on environment and sustainable development in MENA and OECD countries; Based on STIRPAT. Journal of Iranian Economic Issues, 3(2), 127-148. (Persian). https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_2680_85a62199cfad1d3989aa729823b80244.pdf
Haut, J., Grix, J., Brannagan, P. M., & Hilvoorde, I. v. (2017). International prestige through ‘sporting success’: an evaluation of the evidence. European journal for sport society, 14(4), 311-326.
Houlihan, B., & Green, M. (2008). Comparative Elite Sport Development: Systems, Structures and Public Policy. Butterworth-Heinemann. https://books.google.com/books?id=nRLO284UouYC
Johnston, D. J. (2002). Sustainable development: our common future. OECD Observer(233), 3-4.
Kamal, A., & Altay, U. (2020). Analyzing the Reality of the Human and Financial Capabilities of Managing Basketball Sports Tournaments in Iraq from the Central Iraqi Federation, sub-federations, Referees, Premier League teams’ Point of View. Journal of Physical Education, 32(2), 8-19. https://doi.org/10.37359/JOPE.V32(2)2020.988
Kelly, N. (2020). The role of sport in advancing environmental sustainability: A case study of community-level hockey facilities in Ontario, Canada Brock University].
Kenny, M., & Fourie, R. (2015). Contrasting classic, Straussian, and constructivist grounded theory: Methodological and philosophical conflicts. The qualitative report, 20(8), 1270-1289.
Keshavarz, L., Farahani, A., & Mohammadkhani, J. (2018). An Analysis of Factors Affecting the Behavior of Iranian Championship Sport by Scenario Planning Approach. Organizational Behavior Management in Sport Studies, 5(1), 99-108. (Persian). https://fmss.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_4509_b006c47995176233f833daecf6433bee.pdf
Kuper, S., & Szymanski, S. (2014). Soccernomics: Why Spain, Germany and Brazil Win, and why the USA, Japan, Australia - and Even Iraq - are Destined to Become the Kings of the World's Most Popular Sport (World cup Edition ed.). HarperSport. https://books.google.com/books?id=wOSDoAEACAAJ
Lawson, H. A. (2005). Empowering people, facilitating community development, and contributing to sustainable development: The social work of sport, exercise, and physical education programs. Sport, education and society, 10(1), 135-160.
Lis, A., & Tomanek, M. (2020). Sport management: Thematic mapping of the research field. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20, 1201-1208.
Lyras, A., & Peachey, J. W. (2011). Integrating sport-for-development theory and praxis. Sport Management Review, 14(4), 311-326.
Mohamadi Torkamani, E., Bagheri, Q., Zarei Matin, H., Moeini, H., & Khanifar, H. (2016). Iranian Elite Athlete’s Lifestyles (Providing a Grounded Theory). Research on Educational Sport, 4(11), 71-96. (Persian). https://doi.org/10.22089/res.2016.846
Mohammadamini, S., Ahmadi, s., & Solymani, M. (2021). Designing a model for sustainable development in women's sport of Iran. Research on Educational Sport, 9(24), 213-240. (Persian). https://doi.org/10.22089/res.2020.8991.1892
Mondalizadeh, Z., Ehsani, M., Kozechian, H., & Honari, H. (2021). Sport Sustainable Development; Concepts, Barriers, and Proposals. Sport Management and Development, 10(1), 1-10. (Persian). https://doi.org/10.22124/jsmd.2021.5029
Nazari, R., & Ghasemi, H. (2013). The role of mass media as an opportunity for sustainable development in sport. Communication Management in Sport Media, 1(1), 40-44. (Persian). https://sportmedia.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_573_f91761df97b25e372f9c5ded7fe03325.pdf
Pourkiani, M., Hamidi, M., Goodarzi, M., & Khabiri, M. (2017). Analyzing the role of championship and professional sport on sport development. Sport Management Studies, 9(42), 55-72. (Persian). https://doi.org/10.22089/smrj.2017.454.1143
Sam, M. P., & Jackson, S. J. (2006). Developing national sport policy through consultation: The rules of engagement. Journal of Sport Management, 20(3), 366-386.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research Methods for Business Students. Financial Times Prentice Hall. https://books.google.com/books?id=u-txtfaCFiEC
Shabani, A., Razavi, S. M. H., & Hadavi, F. (2020). Developing an Analytical Structural Model for the Development of Women's Championship Sport. Contemporary Studies On Sport Management, 9(18), 53-64. (Persian). https://doi.org/10.22084/smms.2020.20702.2498
Shilbury, D., Sotiriadou, K. P., & Green, B. C. (2008). Sport development. Systems, policies and pathways: An introduction to the special issue. Sport Management Review, 11(3), 217-223.
Skille, E. A. (2011). Sport for all in Scandinavia: sport policy and participation in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 3(3), 327-339.
Szathmári, A., & Kocsis, T. (2020). Who cares about Gladiators? An elite-sport-based concept of Sustainable Sport. Sport in Society, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2020.1832470
Thornberg, R., & Charmaz, K. (2014). Grounded theory and theoretical coding. In U. Flick (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative data analysis (pp. 153-169). Sage.
Thornberg, R., Halldin, K., Bolmsjö, N., & Petersson, A. (2013). Victimising of school bullying: A grounded theory. Research Papers in Education, 28(3), 309-329.