اندازه‌گیری فلزات کادمیوم، سرب، روی، آهن، آلومینیوم و مس در نمونه های چای وارداتی و داخلی موجود در بازار ایران با استفاده از روش هایICP-OES و CP-MS
محورهای موضوعی : میکروبیولوژی مواد غذایی
شیما کاظمی
1
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه مهندسی شیمی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران)
محمدجواد اسد الله زاده
2
(استادیار واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران)
خسرو عبدی
3
(استادیار دانشکده داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران ، ایران)
کلید واژه: اسپکتروسکپی نشری پلاسمای جفت ش, اسپکترومتری جرمی با پلاسمای جف, استخراج, چای, فلزات,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: میزان عناصر فلزی موجود در چای می تواند تاثیر مهمی بر سلامت افراد داشته باشد. تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی میزان فلزاتی شامل کادمیوم (Cd)، سرب Pb))، روی (Zn)، آهن Fe))، آلومینیومAl) ) و مس (Cu) در نمونه های چای وارداتی و چند چای ایرانی صورت پذیرفت. مواد و روش ها: ابتدا با استفاده از سه روش، هضم اسیدی Digestion))، دم کردن با حرارت تا دمای جوش(Brew) و روش دمکردگی Infusion)) آماده‌سازی نمونه‌های چای انجام گرفت و با استفاده از تکنیک های طیف بینی نشر اتمی با پلاسمای جفت شده القایی ICP-OES) ) و طیف‌سنجی جرمی پلاسمای جفت شده القایی (ICP-MS) میزان فلزات نمونه ها بررسی و نتایج به دست آمده مورد تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان می‌دهد که در میان عناصر مختلف، عنصر Al با غلظت μg/g 659 و عنصر Cd با غلظت μg/g 97/0 به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین غلظت را در میان عناصر مختلف در نمونه های مورد بررسی داشته‌اند. در بین روش های استخراج، روش Digestion میزان غلظت عناصر به صورت معنی داری بالاتر از دو روش دیگر بود. آنالیز آماری نتایج میانگین غلظت عناصر توسط دستگاهای ICP-OES وICP-MS نشان داد که تفاوت معنی داری در میزان غلظت عناصرCd ،Cu،Fe،Zn وAl بین نمونه های چای های وارداتی و بومی در هر یک از روش های استخراجیBrew, Infusion و Digestionوجود ندارد. نتایج تحلیل آماری نشان داد که در بین عناصر مختلف، میزان غلظت Pb به دست آمده با روش ICP-MS به صورت معنی داری بالاتر از میزان به دست آمده با ICP-OES برای چای های بومی یا وارداتی است. نتیجه گیری: با وجود بالاتر بودن غلظت فلزات اندازه گیری شده در کار حاضر نسبت به مرجع استاندارد فلزات در گیاه چای، محاسبه میزان دریافت روزانه نشان داد که میزان دریافت عناصر برای هر فرد بالغ همچنان در گستره مقدار مجاز سازمان بهداشت جهانی می‌باشد.
Introduction: The amount of heavey metal elements in tea mighg have significant impact on human health. In the present study, the amount of heavy metal elements such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) in some imported tea samples and local tea samples cultivated in Iran have been evaluated. Materials and Methods: The Tea samples were prepared by three different methods including Digestion, Brew and Infusion and the concentration of heavy metals in the prepared samples were measured by ICP-OES and ICP-MS. Results: Aluminum with a concentration of 853.9 µg/g and the cadmium element with the concentration of 0.99 µg/g were found to be the highest and lowest in the samples examind, respectively. Among the extraction methods, the concentration of extracted elements in digestion method was significantly higher than other methods. The statistical analysis of the obtained results by ICP-OES and ICP-MS revealed that there is no significant difference between the detected concentrations of Al, Zn, Fe, Cu and Cd eighter in the local or imported tea samples in each of the extraction methods. The obtained result showed that the amount of detected Pb in the ICP-MS technique for both internal and imported tea samples is significantly higher than those of ICP-OES technique. Conclusion: Concentrations of all metal elements in the studied tea samples were significantly higher than of standard reference (NIESNO.7). However, the estimated daily intake of all elements for each adult person is still within the allowable level of the World Health Organization.
Achudume, A. C. & Owoeye, D. (2010). Quantitative assessment of heavy metals in some tea marketed in Nigeria-Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in tea. Health, 2,9, 1097-1100.
AL-Oud Saud, S. (2003). Heavy Metal Contents in Tea and Herb Leaves. s. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6, 208-212.
Ansari, F., Norbaksh, R. & Daneshmandirani, K. (2007). Determination of heavy metals in Iranian and imported black tea. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 4(4), 243-248.
Dufresne, C. J. & Farnworth, E. R. (2001). A review of latest research findings on the health promotion properties of tea. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 12, 404–421.
Feng, H., Wang, T. & Yau Li, SF. (2003). Sensitive determination of trace-metal elements in tea with capillary electrophoresis by using chelating agent 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR). Food Chemisty, 81(4), 607-611.
Ghoochani, M., Shekkoohiyan, S., Yunesian, M., Nazmara, Sh. & Mahvi, M. (2015). Determination of aluminum and zinc in infusion tea cultivated in north of Iran. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 13, 49.
Mori, I., Ukachi, M., Nagano, K., Ito, H. & Yoshinaga, J. (2010). Characterization of Tea Leaves II for the determination of multi elements. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 23, 397-463.
Nookabkaew, S., Rangkadilok, N. & Satayavivad, J. (2006). Determination of trace elements in herbal tea products and their infusions consumed in Thailand. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 54(18), 6939–6944.
Qin, F. & Chen, W. (2007). Lead and Copper Levels in Tea Samples Marketed in Beijing, China. E Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 78, 128-131.
Salahinejad, M. & Aflaki, F. (2010). Toxic and essential mineral elements content of black tea leaves and their tea infusions consumed in Iran. Biological Trace Element Research, 134, 109-117.
Seenivasan, S., Manikandan, N., Muraleedharan, N. & Selvasundaram, R. (2008). Heavy metal content of black teas from south India. Food Control, 19 (8), 746-749.
Sharma, R. K. & Agrawal, M. (2005). Biological effects of heavy metals: an overview. Journal of Environmental Biology, 26 (2), 301-13.
Srividhya, B., Subramanian, R. & Raj, V. (2011). Determination of lead, manganese, copper, zinc, cadmium, nickel and chromium in tea leaves. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 13, 257–258.
Soetan, K. O., Olaiya, C. O. & Oyewole, O. E. (2010). The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants: A review. African Journal of Food Science, 4(5), 200-222.
Soylak, M. & Aydin, A. (2011). Determination of some heavy metals in food and environmental samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after coprecipitation. Food and Chemical Toxicology: An International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 49 (6), 1242-8.
Soylak, M., Tuzen, M., Souza, A. S., Das, G. A. K. M. & Ferreira, S. L. (2007). Optimization of microwave assisted digestion procedure for the determination of zinc, copper and nickel in tea samples employing flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 149 (2), 264-8.
Szymczycha-Madeja, A., Welna, M. C. & Pohl, P. (2012). Elemental analysis of teas and their infusions by spectrometric methods. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 35, 165-181.
Zhong, W. S., Ren, T. & Zhao, L. J. (2016). Determination of Pb (lead), Cd (cadmium), Cr (chromium), Cu (copper), and Ni (nickel) in Chinese tea with high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Food Drug Analytical, 24, 46–55.
_||_Achudume, A. C. & Owoeye, D. (2010). Quantitative assessment of heavy metals in some tea marketed in Nigeria-Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in tea. Health, 2,9, 1097-1100.
AL-Oud Saud, S. (2003). Heavy Metal Contents in Tea and Herb Leaves. s. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6, 208-212.
Ansari, F., Norbaksh, R. & Daneshmandirani, K. (2007). Determination of heavy metals in Iranian and imported black tea. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 4(4), 243-248.
Dufresne, C. J. & Farnworth, E. R. (2001). A review of latest research findings on the health promotion properties of tea. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 12, 404–421.
Feng, H., Wang, T. & Yau Li, SF. (2003). Sensitive determination of trace-metal elements in tea with capillary electrophoresis by using chelating agent 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR). Food Chemisty, 81(4), 607-611.
Ghoochani, M., Shekkoohiyan, S., Yunesian, M., Nazmara, Sh. & Mahvi, M. (2015). Determination of aluminum and zinc in infusion tea cultivated in north of Iran. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 13, 49.
Mori, I., Ukachi, M., Nagano, K., Ito, H. & Yoshinaga, J. (2010). Characterization of Tea Leaves II for the determination of multi elements. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 23, 397-463.
Nookabkaew, S., Rangkadilok, N. & Satayavivad, J. (2006). Determination of trace elements in herbal tea products and their infusions consumed in Thailand. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 54(18), 6939–6944.
Qin, F. & Chen, W. (2007). Lead and Copper Levels in Tea Samples Marketed in Beijing, China. E Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 78, 128-131.
Salahinejad, M. & Aflaki, F. (2010). Toxic and essential mineral elements content of black tea leaves and their tea infusions consumed in Iran. Biological Trace Element Research, 134, 109-117.
Seenivasan, S., Manikandan, N., Muraleedharan, N. & Selvasundaram, R. (2008). Heavy metal content of black teas from south India. Food Control, 19 (8), 746-749.
Sharma, R. K. & Agrawal, M. (2005). Biological effects of heavy metals: an overview. Journal of Environmental Biology, 26 (2), 301-13.
Srividhya, B., Subramanian, R. & Raj, V. (2011). Determination of lead, manganese, copper, zinc, cadmium, nickel and chromium in tea leaves. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 13, 257–258.
Soetan, K. O., Olaiya, C. O. & Oyewole, O. E. (2010). The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants: A review. African Journal of Food Science, 4(5), 200-222.
Soylak, M. & Aydin, A. (2011). Determination of some heavy metals in food and environmental samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after coprecipitation. Food and Chemical Toxicology: An International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 49 (6), 1242-8.
Soylak, M., Tuzen, M., Souza, A. S., Das, G. A. K. M. & Ferreira, S. L. (2007). Optimization of microwave assisted digestion procedure for the determination of zinc, copper and nickel in tea samples employing flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 149 (2), 264-8.
Szymczycha-Madeja, A., Welna, M. C. & Pohl, P. (2012). Elemental analysis of teas and their infusions by spectrometric methods. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 35, 165-181.
Zhong, W. S., Ren, T. & Zhao, L. J. (2016). Determination of Pb (lead), Cd (cadmium), Cr (chromium), Cu (copper), and Ni (nickel) in Chinese tea with high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Food Drug Analytical, 24, 46–55.