Journal of Water Science & Engineering: 1 (3)

Open Access Article

1 - The effect of Super attractive using on practive and the parts of practice on single cross corn grain 704 at lorestan weather condition
یدالله یوسفی فرد علی عصاره منوچهر کلهر

Water deficit is one of the most important difficulties, in which happes in dry zone and half dry zones.Water deficit, as the determinative factor, determinates the growing and extension of the plant cover inthese areas. Using the supper attractive, may reduce the produ More

Water deficit is one of the most important difficulties, in which happes in dry zone and half dry zones.Water deficit, as the determinative factor, determinates the growing and extension of the plant cover inthese areas. Using the supper attractive, may reduce the production in the crops and control the plantcover in face of dry stress and water deficit. In this paper, the effect of supper attractive stockosorb onthe irrigation interval, number of irrigation time, content of utilizable water for the one growinginterval, efficiency of water use and seed practice in the surface unit and practice elements werestudied.In this paper four cares were studised, includig: instance care, full irrigation (in other word 4 to 5days) (T1), under irrigation in which is after the 75% outlet of moisture field capacity(T2), underirrigation by using the supper attractive (T3), and the last care is under irrigation with supper attractiveand solution propagation (T4). In irrigation level practises , irrigation for the instance was done when50% of field capacity was outlet. For irrigation deficit practices, 75% discharge of FC moisture wasthe base of irrigation deficit. More over this study showed that grain practise, number of grain range incorn, biological efficiency, stem diameter, and weight of thousand again in 5% surface weremeaningful. Moreover, biggest use of water is belongs to care of T4 and the lowest use belongs to careof T1. And this paper showed that in order to use this supper attractive polymer not only increasefunction of product efficiency but also increase the function of water using. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Investigation of Leaching Requirement of Continuous and Alternate Ponding Methods in Saline and Sodic Soils in South of Khouzestan Province
علی اکبر جلالی حسین سخایی راد

In this study, leaching experiments were carried out by both continuous and alternate ponding methodsin the south of Khouzestan province. In equal applied water leaching, alternate ponding leachingmodel had a better performance than continuous ponding method in desalini More

In this study, leaching experiments were carried out by both continuous and alternate ponding methodsin the south of Khouzestan province. In equal applied water leaching, alternate ponding leachingmodel had a better performance than continuous ponding method in desalinization and dealkalization.In term of alternate method,there was not ayn difference between 5 and 8 day periods in one-meterdepth. Even thought the trends of desalinization and dealkalization showed a slight difference,particularly in early stayes, the figure of two alternative methods were the same, finally. Obtainedresults were compared with the results of other researchers experiential models. Comparison ofdesalinization field experiment results and models result’s showed that Dieleman model a relationshipbased on experimental and theoretical opinion had a better performance than the other experientialmodels. The performance of this model in alternate ponding method was better than continuousponding method. More ever, based of soil analysis results, due to enough amount of calcium in soilafter leaching, there did no need reclamation materials. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Investigation of Stability in earth dam using Ansys, and Geo –Studio Software
علی دلوری نژاد هوشنگ حسونی زاده امیرعباس کمان بدست

Analysis of seepage and stability is considered as an important case in designing which today, withadvanced numeric software acceptable results will be obtained before and after Construction. In thepresent study, the behavior of earth dam against effective factors was i More

Analysis of seepage and stability is considered as an important case in designing which today, withadvanced numeric software acceptable results will be obtained before and after Construction. In thepresent study, the behavior of earth dam against effective factors was investigated by softwareAnsys12. The studied dam is Maroun soil dam, which is located in 19Km north of Behbehan andconstructed on Maroun River. This dam is soil- gravely dam. It was tried in this research that stabilityof dam be evaluated by finite element method and Ansys software, and then compare by softwareresults like Geo-studio. At first Following, the stability of dam slope was considered and the behaviorof dam was stimulated by several methods and there were relatively same results for the amount ofsafety factor and unstable surface. Safety factor was 4.21 for upstream by bishop method in Ansys and4.71 in Geo-studio and for downstream 1.5, 1.8, respectively. Finally, the maximum and minimumamount of tension was determined by analyzing tension, strain and movement and the areas withdifferent sediments and possible cracking and subside regions were determined. In this part, bothsoftwares provided relatively same results and the maximum amount of movement in dam estimated5-6 meters. However, both softwares are best ones in analyzing and finite method and completelycorrect introducing of current conditions could have acceptable analyses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Prediction of Vegetation Cover Effect on Bank and Bed Hydraulic Roughness Coefficient in Shiraz Khoshk River
محمدرضا نیک منش

Soil and water resources management of rivers has an important role because of direct relation withdifferent systems such as earth, life, social and people. Although the use of vegetation cover inbioengineering and biological stabilization and also soil and water resour More

Soil and water resources management of rivers has an important role because of direct relation withdifferent systems such as earth, life, social and people. Although the use of vegetation cover inbioengineering and biological stabilization and also soil and water resources management projects hasmany advantages, but improper methods of design and implementation cause hydraulic specificationsof river alter. The vegetation cover in river reach decreases flow mean velocity, river's width andincreases sedimentation in river bed and therefore discharge capacity be reduced. In this paper, we willinvestigated different projects of retrieval vegetation cover and bioengineering in Shiraz Khoshk Riveras an influential element in Shiraz city and their effects on hydraulic specifications of river. Also,advantages and disadvantages of bioengineering and biological stabilization projects of the river arediscussed. Also problematic river reach caused by improper biological stabilization was identified andthe inappropriate implementation effects of vegetation cover on increase of hydraulic roughnesscoefficient and reduction of discharge capacity were investigated. Based on results, although erosionrate of Khoshk River’s banks in sections without vegetation cover was more than sections withvegetation cover, sometimes vegetation cover caused a significant increase of hydraulic roughnesscoefficient and significant reduction of section area and discharge capacity. The Khoshk River’ssections such as upstream and downstream of Chamran Boulevard Bridge, upstream of Ghadir Bridgeand downstream of Fazilat Bridge were analyzed by HEC-RAS. In these sections for stream flowvalues of 100 to 250 m3/sec, reduction of 10 to 28.5% was obtained. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Investigating Temporal Trends and Spatial Characteristics of Rainfall and Meteorological Drought in the West of Iran during the Last Few Decades
صفر معروفی حسین طبری علی آئینی حسین معروفی

Drought is one of the most serious problems arising for human societies and ecosystems from climatevariability. This phenomenon causes billions of dollars in global damages annually and affects morepeople than any other form of natural disasters.In this study, the trend More

Drought is one of the most serious problems arising for human societies and ecosystems from climatevariability. This phenomenon causes billions of dollars in global damages annually and affects morepeople than any other form of natural disasters.In this study, the trends of rainfall and meteorological drought time series were investigated at tenstations located in the east of Iran for the period of 1966–2005. Amounts of drought severity werecomputed using standard precipitation index (SPI) for a 12-month time scale. The trend analyses of thedata were also performed using the Mann–Kendall test and the Sen’s slope estimator. The results ofthis study showed that the rainfall and drought data had high variations to average values in the studyperiod, and these variations increased with increasing aridity towards the east of the study area. Theresults of the trend tests revealed statistically significant decreasing trends in the rainfall time series ofSar-Pol-Zohab, Bijar, Sanandaj and Saghez stations at the rates of 7.99, 6.68, 5.51 and 5.03 mm/year,respectively. Furthermore, drought severity significantly increased at Kermanshah, Saghez, Sanandajand Khorram-Abad stations during the last four decades. The results indicated that all of the stationsexperienced at least one extreme drought during the study period. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - An Analysis of changes in hydraulic parameters on water entrainment in converging channels
ایوب مرادی مهدی قمشی بهنام سروری نژاد

Building of Dam from thousands of years BC was known, and the humans with use of them alwaystry to preserve and utilize surface water resources, but sedimentation problem always is the mostimportant factor in shortening the useful life of dams , and a lot of reservoirs More

Building of Dam from thousands of years BC was known, and the humans with use of them alwaystry to preserve and utilize surface water resources, but sedimentation problem always is the mostimportant factor in shortening the useful life of dams , and a lot of reservoirs were filled by sedimentsdue to this process and therefore most of dams have been abandoned. One of the most importantphenomena that affects sedimentation is density current. Research must be continue to recognize therole of this phenomena in sediment process. In this research the effect of changes in parameters suchdischarges, concentration and slope gradient in density currents were investigated in the convergingchannels. Experiments were carried out in a flume with changeable bed slope, width 72.5 cm, depth 60cm, Length 6 meter, three convergence angle, three discharge, three concentrations and three bed slopein laboratory models of hydraulic of Shahid Chamran University. The results showed that increase ofdischarges and slope gradient will increase water entrainment and increasing of concentration willdecrease it. Finally an equation is presented for water entrainment in each convergent angle. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Modeling of pattern and dissipating energy in the gabion stepedspillway using flow-3D
کمال علاسوند جواد احدیان حسین فتحیان

Characteristics and behavior of the flow in hydraulic structures, a complex phenomenon that isimperative to use software that will beto be study.Gabiony stepped spillway is a simple hydraulicstructures to control erosion downstream of dams, and, depreciation of structur More

Characteristics and behavior of the flow in hydraulic structures, a complex phenomenon that isimperative to use software that will beto be study.Gabiony stepped spillway is a simple hydraulicstructures to control erosion downstream of dams, and, depreciation of structures is used. Roughstairway consisting of overflow from the stairs near the crest of the weir is started and continues tohave a lower heel. Research shows that the rate of depreciation of energy in Spillways stairs of the flat(no stairs) has the same size . In this study, the ratio of width to length roughness (b / h) was equal to0.25 , 0.5 ,1 , and three-positions height roughness and three-state roughness height to flow 220, 4(lit/s). In the nine-step model with a height of stair 0.1 m and 21-degree slope was investigated Andthe roughness effect on the distribution of power and the creation of the vortex on the stairs of astepped spillway Gabyvny was down by Flow-3D software . This research showed rough results in theflow range 0.004 , 0.009 , 0.01(m^3/s) by the nappe regime to collapse and from flow 0.016 metersper second to the higher flow is a skmming flow regime. Most energy-related depreciation In the flow0.016 with 79.5 Percent Energy depreciate and Depreciation less energy to flow 0.22 (m^3/s) with20.4 Percent of energy is depreciate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Determination chlorine of groundwater with electrical conductivity by Geostatistical methods (Case study of drinking water wells Mashhad)
سید حسین موسوی فضل علیرضا فرید حسینی بیژن قهرمان

Information on chlorine concentration in groundwater for drinking and agriculture is important. If theconcentration of this element is in too much water can cause problems for humans and is toxic toplants. Measurement of chloride in groundwater is extensive, costly and More

Information on chlorine concentration in groundwater for drinking and agriculture is important. If theconcentration of this element is in too much water can cause problems for humans and is toxic toplants. Measurement of chloride in groundwater is extensive, costly and time consuming. Find easyand inexpensive method has a special importance. the Statistical methods are based on spatialvariables. Changes of these variables point to the other have a certain continuity. This study forevaluation the ability of geostatistical methods for estimating chlorine using auxiliary variablesElectrical Conductivity in groundwater of Mashhad and the surrounding was conducted . For thispurpose, 276 wells were sampled and Parameters were measured electrical conductivity and chlorine.The data with software GS+ were analyzed. To determine the spatial correlation of data, Variogramswere calculated and plotted.The results showed good continuity exists between the measuredparameters. The correlation between two variables based on the variogram, 0 .91 Was calculated.Spherical model for Electrical Conductivity and Gaussian model for chlorine based on the minimumamount of RSS as the most suitable model was fitted to the data. For Comparison of methodsestimation of the root mean square error (RMSE) and plot of observational and estimated values wereused. Geostatistical methods, the chlorine more accurately than IDW and NDW methods wereestimated. Manuscript profile

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