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List of Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - Analysis of Russia’s Foreign Policy in the Middle East
Ebrahim Motaghi Morteza OmraniThe Middle East and various issues concerning it receive so much attention by Moscow. After passing through a transition period and overcoming economic difficulties and achieving internal order and stability, Russia considers itself a "restored power" and strives to reg MoreThe Middle East and various issues concerning it receive so much attention by Moscow. After passing through a transition period and overcoming economic difficulties and achieving internal order and stability, Russia considers itself a "restored power" and strives to regain its status as a powerful and influential power in the international system. Being based on an explanatory-analytical approach and a theoretical framework and using the library method, this paper aims to analyze Russian foreign policy in the Middle East. The main research question is: What is Russia’s foreign policy in the Middle East? Finally, the response to the main question of the study would be: Russia is seeking to enhance its relations with the Middle East countries to achieve the goals and interests of Moscow within the framework of its foreign policy in the Middle East. That's why it turned itself into a key contributor in the crisis of Syria. Russia's measures in the Middle East and its involvement in the crisis of Syria increased ties and cooperation with Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Strategic Cooperation between Iran and Russia; Opportunities and Challenges
Mehdi AmiriThe relations between Iran and Russia in recent years has turned the concludinga strategic and long-term agreement into a dominant debate among experts. Thisattempt can be considered as an important step into strengthening strategicrelations Iran-Russia, which is based MoreThe relations between Iran and Russia in recent years has turned the concludinga strategic and long-term agreement into a dominant debate among experts. Thisattempt can be considered as an important step into strengthening strategicrelations Iran-Russia, which is based on the mutual interests of the parties andextending their interaction in a long-term period. Despite the diversity andmultiplicity of issues contained in this agreement, relations between the twocountries during the past twenty years have proved that this agreement inpractice and especially in terms of economic goals has not been able to affect thetotality of the relations between the two countries and it is a solid basis forChange in the relations between the two countries. Basically, the relationsbetween the two countries during these years has been less based on the attentionand reliance on this agreement, and the strategic transformation that has takenplace in the cooperation of the two countries in the field of regional issues suchas the Syrian crisis is the product of the understanding of the military andpolitical elites of the two countries on the time requirements and developmentsand therefore, strategic cooperation between them in the region was inevitable.For this reason, the agreement cannot be considered as a substitute for thecomprehensive strategic cooperation document. The document of strategiccooperation Iran-Russia should be a starting point and a great departure for new,all-round and multifaceted relations with Russia and become the basis for turningMoscow into a long-term strategic partner of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Inorder to achieve such a document, it is very important to accurately assess thepotential and actual capacities and resources that advance the relations betweenthe two countries and to identify the opportunities and obstacles for it. In thepresent article, while trying to explain the conceptualization of the nature ofstrategic relations, the most important factors promoting this type of relationsbetween Iran and Russia are pointed out, and in addition to explaining some ofthe challenges and limitations of this process, also the requirements of it will beexplained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Interaction and confrontation between the media and the religion of Islam in the Middle East (with emphasis on Iran)
Halimeh BoroumandReligion and media are two very important phenomena in Middle Eastern societies today. In these societies, the media is considered a newcomer, whose serious presence in different areas of these societies is barely a century old; While religion has been one of the ancien MoreReligion and media are two very important phenomena in Middle Eastern societies today. In these societies, the media is considered a newcomer, whose serious presence in different areas of these societies is barely a century old; While religion has been one of the ancient and important elements in the structure of societies in the Middle East for centuries and millennia. This article is an attempt to examine the different dimensions of the confrontation between these two phenomena in Middle Eastern societies in general, and Iranian society in particular, and it tries to explore different ways in which the media appears as a tool for and against religion. It has been shown how religion has been able to use the media in many cases and how it has sometimes been at war with the media, feeling threatened by the media. The present article is based on the hypothesis that the interaction and confrontation between media and religion has profound and important effects on the studied societies and also on how the political and social culture of these societies is formed; Influences whose dimensions can play a decisive role in the confrontation between tradition and modernity and its fate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Principles and components of democracy in the thoughts of Mohammad Mojtahed Shabestari; Emphasizing on the methodology of Quentin Skinner
Zekrollah Manafi Ehsan Shakeri Alireza EsmailzadToday, democracy has been proposed as the most desirable biopolitical way and all political systems use the label of democracy to gain legitimacy and continuity of life and claim the legitimacy by creating some democratic political institutions. Nevertheless, every thin MoreToday, democracy has been proposed as the most desirable biopolitical way and all political systems use the label of democracy to gain legitimacy and continuity of life and claim the legitimacy by creating some democratic political institutions. Nevertheless, every thinker has paid special attention to it. This article tries to study democracy and its principles in the religious views and ideas of Mohammad Mojtahed Shabestari, in the framework of Skinner's hermeneutic methodology. By studying the views and ideas of Mujtahid Shabestari as a religious thinker and influential in the Iranian intellectual currents after the Islamic Revolution, a democratic interpretation on religion can be given to his thought and he with a hermeneutic view, a modern interpretation on traditional concepts such as justice, council, etc. presented that is compatible with contemporary human understanding or modern understanding on religion. Also, Mujtahid Shabestari has tried to reconcile religion and modernity, and to offer a modern interpretation that is in line with the spirit of the time. He on basis on this approach to modern concepts such as democracy especially to principles of freedom and equality, believes in the possibility and existence of "Muslim democracy". In his view, these two principles should manifest themselves in the heart of society with different traditions as the core of the political system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The arrival of the Arabic language in India and its reflection in the Middle East
Abolfath MomeniArabic is the international language of the Islamic world, which gradually spread outside the Arabian Peninsula, including the Indian subcontinent, due to the increasing development of the religion of Islam. This language was used almost exclusively by the Muslims of th MoreArabic is the international language of the Islamic world, which gradually spread outside the Arabian Peninsula, including the Indian subcontinent, due to the increasing development of the religion of Islam. This language was used almost exclusively by the Muslims of this land in India, but with the development of Islamic governments in the subcontinent, the Arabic language was also supported by the rulers of India, and the development of this language in later periods caused the spread of Arabic script in It became a land and over time, found different approaches and practices. The present article uses a descriptive-inductive method to investigate how the Arabic language entered India. The results indicate that with the spread of Islam in the subcontinent and the religious need of Muslims to learn the language of religion, this language entered the land of India from the first century AH and in various aspects of Indian life, including political, economic, Socially and livelihood, as well as in India's trade and cultural interactions with the Arabs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Contextualization of the Sunni Crescent; Iran's Strategy to Balance Religious Unilateralism in the Shiite Crescent
Mansour AnbarmouArab countries always accuse Iran of trying to weaken Sunni groups in favor of strengthening Shiites. This research is an attempt to challenge the existing opinions regarding Iran's exclusive reliance on the Shiite Crescent and investigate the evolution of Iran's approa MoreArab countries always accuse Iran of trying to weaken Sunni groups in favor of strengthening Shiites. This research is an attempt to challenge the existing opinions regarding Iran's exclusive reliance on the Shiite Crescent and investigate the evolution of Iran's approach towards the Sunni groups in the framework of understanding its belongings. Iran's foreign strategies have always been defined by emphasizing Shiite/Islamic concepts, yet developments of the Arab Spring, showed Iran that unilateralism and excessive emphasis on Shiite groups could not provide maximum interests. The religious divide of Iran's Shiite government has never been an obstacle to communication with foreign Sunni groups in the way of expanding Iran's regional influence, However, Iran's relationship with Sunni groups in Palestine, Egypt, Pakistan and Afghanistan has a longer history in the Middle East. In last decade Iran has tried to create a Sunni crescent in South and Central Asia centered on the countries of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. The Sunni crescent plays a complementary and balancing role to the Shiite crescent. The formation of Sunni Crescent naturally leads to consequences for Iran in the regional and domestic level, such as regional competitions as well as the rivalry of the Iranian Sunnis with the Sunni groups supported by Iran in the Sunni Crescent. As much as Iran requests foreign Sunni groups to develop their political activities; it depoliticized the Sunnis inside Iran. To answer the research questions, Qualitative methods will be conducted to discover all the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Sunni Crescent also in particular in which context Sunni crescent can change the content of belonging and bring about new ideas regarding regional identitiesArab countries always accuse Iran of trying to weaken Sunni groups in favor of strengthening Shiites. This research is an attempt to challenge the existing opinions regarding Iran's exclusive reliance on the Shiite Crescent and investigate the evolution of Iran's approach towards the Sunni groups in the framework of understanding its belongings. Iran's foreign strategies have always been defined by emphasizing Shiite/Islamic concepts, yet developments of the Arab Spring, showed Iran that unilateralism and excessive emphasis on Shiite groups could not provide maximum interests. The religious divide of Iran's Shiite government has never been an obstacle to communication with foreign Sunni groups in the way of expanding Iran's regional influence, However, Iran's relationship with Sunni groups in Palestine, Egypt, Pakistan and Afghanistan has a longer history in the Middle East. In last decade Iran has tried to create a Sunni crescent in South and Central Asia centered on the countries of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. The Sunni crescent plays a complementary and balancing role to the Shiite crescent. The formation of Sunni Crescent naturally leads to consequences for Iran in the regional and domestic level, such as regional competitions as well as the rivalry of the Iranian Sunnis with the Sunni groups supported by Iran in the Sunni Crescent. As much as Iran requests foreign Sunni groups to develop their political activities; it depoliticized the Sunnis inside Iran. To answer the research questions, Qualitative methods will be conducted to discover all the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Sunni Crescent also in particular in which context Sunni crescent can change the content of belonging and bring about new ideas regarding regional identities Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Russia and the new security system in the Persian Gulf; Approach and strategy
Aref BijanThe purpose of this article is to examine Russia's approach and strategy regarding the new security system in the Persian Gulf. The region of the Persian Gulf, which is strategically important for the whole world, is experiencing extremely alarming trends. Ensuring secu MoreThe purpose of this article is to examine Russia's approach and strategy regarding the new security system in the Persian Gulf. The region of the Persian Gulf, which is strategically important for the whole world, is experiencing extremely alarming trends. Ensuring security in the strategically important area of the Persian Gulf is one of the key regional problems of our time. Over the past decades, tensions have not subsided in the Persian Gulf zone. This negatively affects security, political and economic stability in the region and in the world. In the meantime, Russia maintains traditionally friendly relations with all the countries of the Persian Gulf region without exception, and builds interaction with them on an equal and mutually respectful basis. The Russian concept of security in the Persian Gulf zone, which provides for the priority of regional cooperation and the participation of neighbors, instead of focusing on non-regional players, can be effective in ensuring peace and de-escalation, which at the same time faces various problems. This article uses qualitative methodology and based on Barry Buzan's theory of regional security to answer the question, what is Russia's approach and strategy to the security of the Persian Gulf region. Russia seeks to create a Long-term and lasting peace in the Persian Gulf Region by providing a concept of collective security and tries to act as a mediator. Russia's strategy for the security of the Persian Gulf is to replace the US plan and cooperate with all influential actors in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigation and Comparison of Four Different Discourses in Sociology and Iranian Society
Ebrahim Ekhlasi Maryam Khaleghinezhad KhaleghinezhadThe emergence of hermeneutics and the significance of meaning in the social sciences opened new horizons for the state and society. This study aims to compare the established discourses in sociology and Iranian society as, on the one hand, the emergence of discourse the MoreThe emergence of hermeneutics and the significance of meaning in the social sciences opened new horizons for the state and society. This study aims to compare the established discourses in sociology and Iranian society as, on the one hand, the emergence of discourse theory and the emphasis on the fluidity of meaning and action has led to the formation of four discourses in sociology, and on the other hand, there is no comprehensive study of the Iranian society in the context of the mentioned discourses. As shown by the characteristics and analysis of these four different periods, the constitutional era was introduced as having a strong society and a weak government. Then the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry, the reign of Reza Shah, and the contemporary era were introduced as periods with strong state and society, weak society and strong state, and small state and active society, respectively. It is noteworthy that all the salient features of strength (active) and weakness (passive) are considered to achieve more objective analyses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Feasibility assessment of political-security convergence Between Iran and Afghanistan during the Taliban Era
Neda HajivosoughIn today's world, convergence between countries, especially neighboring countries, is of fundamental importance. Iran and Afghanistan have long lived as a unified land under the name of "Greater Khorasan". These two neighboring Muslim countries have multiple cultural, r MoreIn today's world, convergence between countries, especially neighboring countries, is of fundamental importance. Iran and Afghanistan have long lived as a unified land under the name of "Greater Khorasan". These two neighboring Muslim countries have multiple cultural, religious, linguistic, historical, and racial ties with each other after independence, and these multiple commonalities have led the two countries to prioritize expanding their relations with each other and to constantly strive to improve and deepen their relations despite ups and downs. The main question of this research is to explore the potential convergence or divergence between Iran and Afghanistan during the Taliban era in the tumultuous Middle East region. By using the theory of convergence and focusing on political convergence, and drawing on the theories of thinkers in this field such as Jacob, Thuen, and Tuscany, and using the content analysis method, the research information has been analyzed. The results show that Iran and Afghanistan share a common border, language, and similar cultures, and have many common regional interests. However, the Taliban's control over the Afghan government in 2021 has created new challenges for these relations. These challenges include access to Afghan rivers, border issues, a large number of Afghan refugees in Iran, and the spread of illegal drugs to Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Discourse Analysis of Islamic Revolution Third Generation and Its Role in Political Development
Seyed Abbas HusseiniThe Islamic revolution has undergone many generations since its formation. In this regard, four generations can be identified throughout the life of Islamic Republic. The third generation is one of the generations of Islamic Republic which has taken discourse functional MoreThe Islamic revolution has undergone many generations since its formation. In this regard, four generations can be identified throughout the life of Islamic Republic. The third generation is one of the generations of Islamic Republic which has taken discourse functionality through enjoying from its special characteristics, overcoming demands and utilizing from elements and slogans of reform discourse and has defined itself as anti-discourse versus dominant discourse. The purpose of present study was to investigate the third generation of Islamic Revolution and its role in political development using discourse analysis method. Hence, the main question of present study is that: the discursive elements of Islamic Revolution's third generation are received from what kind of structures? And how can the third generation play a role in political development of Iran after the revolution? Following hypothesis was considered to answer the main question: the third generation of Islamic Revolution receives its discursive elements from structures such as characteristics, overcoming demands and utilizing from elements and slogans of reform discourse and can play a significant role in political development with its approach to liberal discourse. Manuscript profile
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