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Open Access Article
1 - Surfactant Effect on the Synthesis of B4C-nano TiB Composite by Co-precipitation Method
Saeid Abedini Khorrami Roshanak Lotfi Shahram MoradiTitanium diboride is one of the candidate materials for high temperature applications and also for control rod elements in high temperature reactors. This paper presents the experimental data on the composites of B4 C-nano TiB2 that were synthesized successfully by co-p MoreTitanium diboride is one of the candidate materials for high temperature applications and also for control rod elements in high temperature reactors. This paper presents the experimental data on the composites of B4 C-nano TiB2 that were synthesized successfully by co-precipitation methodat 1523K. Titanium tetraisopropanol, boron carbide, isopropanol and triton x-100were used as the precursor materials. Titanium tetraisopropanol and boron carbide were dissolved in isopropanol (solution A). Then, boron carbide was dissolved in deionized water and isopropanol (solution B). Solution B was gradually added to solution A. The prepared mixture was stirred and heated at 298K for 4h. In this research, B4 C-nano TiB2 composites are contained 10 w% TiB2 .The phase constitution and microstructure of B4 C- nano TiB2 during synthesis were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine phase and microstructure of TiB2 -B4 C composites. The distribution sizes of TiB2 nanoparticles on B4 C were calculated between 10-82 and 20-35 nm without and with surfactant, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Contributing factors on the removal of Azo-dyes from industrial wastewater: A comparison of the efficiency of sonocataysis and photocatalysis process
Azam Pirkarami Leila Fereidooni Kambiz TahvildariThe influence of the number of operating parameters on photocatalytic and sonocatalytic Acid Red 88 degradation from an aqueous solution was investigated in this paper. The experimental results indicated that the sonocatalytic process with Ni-TiO2 was far more effective MoreThe influence of the number of operating parameters on photocatalytic and sonocatalytic Acid Red 88 degradation from an aqueous solution was investigated in this paper. The experimental results indicated that the sonocatalytic process with Ni-TiO2 was far more effective for the degradation of high concentration azo dyes, regardless of the process condition. In order to achieve a larger surface area of the catalyst, Ni-TiO2 was suspended in the aqueous solution. The optimum experimental conditions obtained as catalyst dosage of 0.6mg L-1, pH of 7 and dye concentration of 30 mg L-1. The COD value of the solution after photodegradation showed a significant decrease to 59 mg L-1 from 1573 mg L-1 while this value decreased to 34 mg L-1 after sonocatalytic degradation. The catalyst performance was evaluated by SEM and XRD techniques. Dye removal efficiency of 88% was obtained by sonocatalysis process with a dye concentration of 300 mg L-1 and within a pH range of 2-11. However, the efficiency was only 28% after photocatalytic degradation with the same dye concentration and within a more limited pH range of 3-9. Therefore, a specific method was proposed in this article for azo dye degradation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - One-pot Four-component Reaction for Convenient Synthesis of New Quinoxaline Derivatives in the Presence of K2CO3
Sama Taherjoo Anvar MirzaeiConvenient and simple procedures for the synthesis of functionalized Quinoxaline derivatives were developed via one-pot four-component reaction of o-aminoanilin, acetylenic ester, and malonyl dichloride in the presence of K2 CO3 as effective base catalyst. These compoun MoreConvenient and simple procedures for the synthesis of functionalized Quinoxaline derivatives were developed via one-pot four-component reaction of o-aminoanilin, acetylenic ester, and malonyl dichloride in the presence of K2 CO3 as effective base catalyst. These compounds widely are used in various industries like paint, pharmaceutical and medicine. Quinoxaline derivatives are also part of antibiotics structure such as Actinomycin, Lomacin. In other hand, using of K2 CO3 as economically catalyst and the simplicity of the present procedure for synthesis of Quinoxaline derivatives makes it an interesting alternative to complex multistep approaches.. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by their elemental analysis and spectral data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A Green and Efficient One-pot Synthesis of Propanamides by a Three-component Reaction of 2-(2-oxopropyl) isoindoline-1,3-dione, Alkyl isocyanide and an E-cinnamic acid under Catalyst-free Conditions in Water
Ali Ramazani Ali Jafari Sang Woo Joo Yavar Ahmadi Fariba Sadri Pegah Azimzadeh AsiabiA green and convenient protocol is described for the preparation of E-1-(alkylamino)-3- (1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl viaone-pot three-component reaction between 2-(2-oxopropyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione, an alkyl isocyanide and an E-cinnamic acid in w MoreA green and convenient protocol is described for the preparation of E-1-(alkylamino)-3- (1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl viaone-pot three-component reaction between 2-(2-oxopropyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione, an alkyl isocyanide and an E-cinnamic acid in water at room temperature. The methods used to follow the reactions are TLC and NMR, which indicated that there is no side product and the products were obtained without any purification. The structures of the products were deduced from their 1 H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectra. The present methodology offers several advantages such as a simple procedure, catalyst-free, mild reaction conditions, high yields, and the absence of any volatile and hazardous organic solvents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Ultrasound Assisted Emulsification Microextraction as a Simple Preconcentration Method for Determination of Atrazine in Environmental Samples
Sana Berijani Mohsen Zeeb Elham PournamdariWe represent an environmentally friendly sample of pre-treatment method, ultrasound assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) followed by gas chromatography nitrogen phosphorous detector (GC-NPD), to specify atrazine residues in environmental samples. Some parame MoreWe represent an environmentally friendly sample of pre-treatment method, ultrasound assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) followed by gas chromatography nitrogen phosphorous detector (GC-NPD), to specify atrazine residues in environmental samples. Some parameters affecting the extraction efficiency such as the type and volume of the extraction solvent, emulsification time and addition of salt are optimized. According to the results, 30 µL of chlorobenzene was chosen as the extraction solvent and the required time for quantitative analysis was 5 minutes without ionic strength and pH adjustment. Under the optimum conditions, limit of detection (LOD) is 0.02 µgL-1 and the percentage of mean extraction efficiency for 3 µgL-1 of analyte is 93.3% with good precision about 2.5% for triplet analysis. The calibration curve is linear at the range of 0.1-600 µgL-1. The procedure is applied successfully for assessing a matrix effect on agricultural water samples and lettuce with relative recovery of 100.8-102.5% with precision in the range of 2.5-3.2%. The results have demonstrated a successful robustness of the method for rapid and quantitative determination of trace amounts of atrazine in environmental samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - An Iridatropylium Cation: Investigation of Electronic Structure
Ali Peikari Reza GhiasiA study of the [C6 H6 Ir(PH3 )3 ]+ iridatropylium cation structure based on frontier orbital analysis, thermodynamic analysis, and natural bond orbital (NBO) theory is the main aim of the present research. Also, HOMO, LUMO energies, hardness, electrophilicity and chemic MoreA study of the [C6 H6 Ir(PH3 )3 ]+ iridatropylium cation structure based on frontier orbital analysis, thermodynamic analysis, and natural bond orbital (NBO) theory is the main aim of the present research. Also, HOMO, LUMO energies, hardness, electrophilicity and chemical potential were calculated. Structural analysis indicated the optimized geometry shows a good agreement with the experimental results in iridabenzene.The thermodynamic properties at different temperatures were calculated, revealing the correlations between standard heat capacity, standard entropy, standard enthalpy changes and temperature. Quantum theory of atoms in molecule analysis (QTAIM) was used for characterizing of Ir-P and Ir-c bonds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Modification of Polyvinyl Alcohol via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for Targeted Drug Delivery Applications
Sedigheh Ehsanimehr Peyman Najafi Moghadam Nasim Movagharnezhad Amir Reza FareghiIn current study,a hydrogel based on biocompatible polymerwas prepared. The functionalization of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)with epichlorohydrin(ECH) to produce epichlorohydrin-g-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA/ECH) as a suitable macroinitiator for atom transfer radical polymerizati MoreIn current study,a hydrogel based on biocompatible polymerwas prepared. The functionalization of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)with epichlorohydrin(ECH) to produce epichlorohydrin-g-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA/ECH) as a suitable macroinitiator for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reaction was investigated.ThenN-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) waspolymerized on the surface of macroinitiatorin presence of CuCl as a catalyst and Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as aligand using ATRP to produce PNVP-g-PVA. The synthesized copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Also equilibrium swelling was studied in distilled water and indicated the sustained expansion of them. At last, loading capacity and release profiles of ceftriaxone as a model drug from the hydrogel were determined by UV– Vis absorption measurement at λmax= 243 nm. In vitro drug release behavior was investigated in three different media (HCl solution: pH=3 and bicarbonate buffer solutions: pH=7 and pH=8). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - An Environmentally Route for Synthesis of Triarylmethanes Catalyzed by Heteropolyphosphotungstic Acid in Water
Azim Ziyaei Halimehjani Elham Vali Shamiri Seyyed Emad HooshmandAn efficient and environmentally benign procedure for synthesis of triarylmethanes is developed via condensation of aromatic aldehydes and N,N-dimethylaniline using small quantity of heteropolyphosphotungstic acid (HPW) as catalyst in water. Good functional group tolera MoreAn efficient and environmentally benign procedure for synthesis of triarylmethanes is developed via condensation of aromatic aldehydes and N,N-dimethylaniline using small quantity of heteropolyphosphotungstic acid (HPW) as catalyst in water. Good functional group tolerance, simple green experimental procedure, and good to excellent yields of products are the most advantages of this work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Preconcentration and Determination of Trace Amounts of Aromatic Compounds in Non-alcoholic Beer Samples by In-syringe Dispersive liquid–liquid Microextraction
Mashaallah Rahmani Massoud Kaykhaii Elham Ghasemi Mohadeseh TahernejadIn this paper, a new simple and effective method based on dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure is proposed for rapid and simultaneous separation and preconcentration of ultra trace amounts of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes (BTEX) in non- MoreIn this paper, a new simple and effective method based on dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure is proposed for rapid and simultaneous separation and preconcentration of ultra trace amounts of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes (BTEX) in non-alcoholic Beer samples. In this experiment, a glass syringe was used as extraction unit. With this simple configuration, the centrifugation step, which is a time consuming step was eliminated and also the possibility of using solvents with density lighter than water as extractant solvent was provided; and therefore applicability of DLLME will be expanded to a wider range of solvents. The influence of extraction parameters, such as kind and volume of extractant and disperser solvents, volume of sample and pH of the sample solution and its ionic strength were investigated and optimized. The best efficiency of extraction acquired using acetone and nonanol as dispersive and extraction solvents respectively. Under the optimum condition, the proposed method provided a linear range (10-1300 μg.L−1) with correlation coefficient (R2 ) of 0.998, and relative recovery of 97.3-101.5%. The limit of detection was in the range of 2.0- 2.8 μg.L−1. At the end, the proposed micro extraction method was successfully applied for the determination of BTEX compounds in a few real non-alcoholic Beer samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Malvasylvestris Flower Extracts as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in HCl Solution
Razieh Salahandish Ali Ghaffarinejad Ali MoradpourIn this study, Malvasylvestris flower extract (MFE) was used as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution. Malvasylvestris extract was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS). Potentiodynamic polarization and ele MoreIn this study, Malvasylvestris flower extract (MFE) was used as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution. Malvasylvestris extract was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS). Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies revealed that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing MFE concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies performed at various contact times of alloy with acid solution showed that the corrosion rate is reduced considerably in the presence of bioinhibitor. Corrosion studies at various temperatures (298 –338 K) showed that even at temperatures higher than 298 K the inhibition efficiency is good (>91%).Thermodynamic test results indicate that the MFE adsorption on the metal surface occurs by a chemisorption mechanism, and its adsorption isotherm is Langmuir. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluation of the Effective Parameters on Fe3+ Precipitation in the Bioleaching Process
Monireh Zolfaghari Abbas Rashidi Ali Haghighi AslFerric ion is a strength oxidant and its precipitation is an undesired phenomenon in the bioleaching process. Previous studies showed that it considerably occurs in bioleaching operations even at optimum conditions. Although there have been many reports on the Fe3+ prec MoreFerric ion is a strength oxidant and its precipitation is an undesired phenomenon in the bioleaching process. Previous studies showed that it considerably occurs in bioleaching operations even at optimum conditions. Although there have been many reports on the Fe3+ precipitation, no study has made a mathematical modeling of the affecting parameters. The aim of the present work is the development of a model that represents the impact of some parameters on the Fe3+ precipitation.The polynomial model was developed. The resulted model presents the positive effect of all parameters on minimization of Fe3+ precipitation; particularly, the effects of pH and iron concentration, which are more significant. The validation of model was confirmed using F-test(P<0.001) and the coefficient of determination(R2 =96.84%). The optimum values of parameters were determinedas:pH=1.5,Temperature=35.5°C, iron concentration=20g/l,pulp density=15%(w/v).The non-linear nature of the modeled response for Fe3+ precipitation was explained by a second-order polynomial equation. Also it was observed that by increasing the considered parameters, precipitation rate was increased. The severity of the effects of the parameters at the studied range was as follows: pH and iron concentration> temperature> pulp density. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Sonosynthesis and Characterization of TiO2/ZrO2 Nanocomposite and Photocatalytic degradation of Congo red Dye under UV Light
Khatere Jalili Shokufeh Aghabeygi Behroz MirzaNanoTiO2 , nanoZrO2 and TiO2 /ZrO2 nanocomposite were prepared via sol gel method by using ultrasonic irradiation. The precursor sol of zirconium was prepared from an aqueous solution of ZrCl4 and titanium tetra 2-propoxide was diluted by 2-propanol and deionized water MoreNanoTiO2 , nanoZrO2 and TiO2 /ZrO2 nanocomposite were prepared via sol gel method by using ultrasonic irradiation. The precursor sol of zirconium was prepared from an aqueous solution of ZrCl4 and titanium tetra 2-propoxide was diluted by 2-propanol and deionized water The TiO2 /ZrO2 nanocomposite was synthesized from directly mixing Titanium dried gel into Zirconium gel. The reaction mixture was placed under ultrasonic irradiation probe for 2 hours. The filtrated composite gel was washed and calcinated at 500 °C for 3h in furnace. The FT-IR spectroscopy and the XRD study were exhibited that the crystal structure and purity of the TiO2 /ZrO2 nano composite FESEM images were indicated the morphology and the average size of the NPs. The mean crystallite size of the NanoTiO2 , nanoZrO2 and TiO2 /ZrO2 nanocomposite were determined 57, 19 and 23 nm respectively. The photocatalytic performance was highly increased when nano-composite of TiO2 /ZrO2 was used to degradation of Congo red (CR) solution. The TiO2 /ZrO2 nano composite was shown higher photo-degradation efficiency than the pure nanoTiO2 and nanoZrO2 . Manuscript profile
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