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دسترسی آزاد مقاله
1 - مقایسه تطبیقی مؤلفه‌های غنای حسی دوره گذار باغ به پارک در تهران(مطالعه موردی: باغ ایرانی و پارک نیاوران)
صدف سرمدی آزاده شاهچراغی لیلا کریمی فردشناخت و تجربه انسان از حضور در منظر از طریق دریافت های حسی متعدد مانند، بینایی، شنوایی، بویایی، چشایی، لمسی و حواس وابسته به ذهن صورت می گیرد. تنوع تجربیات حسی کیفیتی را ایجاد می نماید که غنای حسی نامیده می شود. این پژوهش سعی در متناسب ساختن رابطه محیط کالبدی پارک های م چکیده کاملشناخت و تجربه انسان از حضور در منظر از طریق دریافت های حسی متعدد مانند، بینایی، شنوایی، بویایی، چشایی، لمسی و حواس وابسته به ذهن صورت می گیرد. تنوع تجربیات حسی کیفیتی را ایجاد می نماید که غنای حسی نامیده می شود. این پژوهش سعی در متناسب ساختن رابطه محیط کالبدی پارک های معاصر با نیاز و رفتار کاربران و افزایش غنای حسی آن از طریق شناسایی و اولویت بندی دریافت های حسی متنوع در منظر دارد. پژوهش حاضر با ماهیت آمیخته و هدف کاربردی به روش مقایسه تطبیقی بوده و پس از گردآوری اطلاعات پیشینه به روش کتابخانه ای، روش گردآوری و تحلیل اطلاعات در مطالعه میدانی، ترکیبی از دو روش، پیاده روی حسی و یادداشت برداری حسی است. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش بیانگر آن است که غنای حسی در باغ ایرانی بیشتر از پارک نیاوران بوده و در هر دو نمونه به ترتیب حس بینایی و شنوایی بالاترین تحریک حسی و حس چشایی کمترین تحریک را داشته است. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
2 - ارزیابی و مقایسه تغییرات برخی شاخص‌های متابولیکی و اکسیداتیو در قبل و بعد از زایش در گاوهای شیری نژاد هلشتاین
مریم کریمی دهکردی فروغ محمدی مجید غلامی آهنگرانه زمینه و هدف: با توجه به اهمیت دوره انتقال گاوهای شیری در سیکل تولید و تحقیقات اندک در خصوص وضعیت اکسیداتیو در این دوران، هدف از این مطالعه بررسی وضعیت استرس اکسیداتیو در دوره انتقال در گاوهای شیری است. روش کار: تعداد 42 راس گاو شیری هلشتاین از یکی از گاوداری های صنع چکیده کامله زمینه و هدف: با توجه به اهمیت دوره انتقال گاوهای شیری در سیکل تولید و تحقیقات اندک در خصوص وضعیت اکسیداتیو در این دوران، هدف از این مطالعه بررسی وضعیت استرس اکسیداتیو در دوره انتقال در گاوهای شیری است. روش کار: تعداد 42 راس گاو شیری هلشتاین از یکی از گاوداری های صنعتی در شهرکرد انتخاب شد. خون گیری در دو نوبت(دو هفته قبل و دو هفته بعد از زایمان) صورت گرفت و سرم برای اندازه گیری مالون دی آلدهید، گلوتاتیون احیا، آنزیم های سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، کاتالاز، گلوتایتون پراکسیداز و ظرفیت تام آنتی اکسیدانی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. به منظور مقایسه میانگین هر یک از این پارامترها در قبل و بعد از زایمان از روش آماری T-test استفاده گردید. یافته ها: میانگین مالون دی آلدهید خون بعد از زایمان(08/1 میکرومول در لیتر) در مقایسه با قبل از زایمان(772/0میکرمول در لیتر) افزایش یافت، هر چند از لحاظ آماری معنی دار نبود(05/0<p). میانگین ظرفیت تام آنتی اکسیدانی خون بعد از زایمان(19/374 نانومول در لیتر) در مقایسه با قبل از زایمان(6/442 نانومول در لیتر) کاهش معنی دار یافت(05/0>p). سطح گلوتاتیون خون بعد از زایمان(58/28 نانومول در لیتر) در مقایسه با قبل از زایمان(98/71 نانومول در لیتر) کاهش معنی دار یافت(05/0>p). هم چنین سطح آنزیم های سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، کاتالاز و گلوتایتون پراکسیداز بعد از زایمان نسبت به قبل از زایمان کاهش معنی داری داشت(05/0>p). نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش می توان نتیجه گرفت که گاوهای شیری در طول دوره انتقال در معرض استرس اکسیداتیو قرار گرفته، هر چند علایم بالینی را نشان نمی دهند. در نتیجه لزوم توجه به استفاده از آنتی اکسیدان ها در دوره انتقال از اهمیت فراوانی برخوردار می باشد. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
3 - An Investigation of the Effect of Cultural Consumption Index on the External Façade in Residential Architecture: A case studies of the City of Tehran in Transition Period
Sahar Haj Mohamadi Vahid Ahmadi Mohsen Tabassi Seyed Moslem Seyed AlhosseiniThe traditional structure of Tehran, as the then capital city, changed with the beginning of pseudo-modernism in the Qajar period in Iran. The transition period (the period of transferring from Qajar to Pahlavi Period), was the period of creating changes and sometimes c چکیده کاملThe traditional structure of Tehran, as the then capital city, changed with the beginning of pseudo-modernism in the Qajar period in Iran. The transition period (the period of transferring from Qajar to Pahlavi Period), was the period of creating changes and sometimes conflict in Iranian residential architecture, which was selected as the time interval to be studied in this research. Many reasons have been mentioned for such changes and the creation of transition period, among which the index of Cultural Consumption have been selected for discussion and analysis. The most palpable element changed in the residential buildings is the façade, which employed a different approach than the preceding period, by the emergence of extroversion. Research Question: the investigations made in this study aim at providing answers to three issues of “visibility of the influence of cultural consumption on the façade of residential architecture in the transition period in Tehran”, “how the index of cultural consumption has affected the façade in transition period”, and “the relational progress of the index of cultural consumption and the element of façade, from the late Qajar period to the First Pahlavi period”. Purpose of the Study: the main purpose of the current study is, particularly, investigating and analyzing the relationship between the index of cultural consumption and the element of façade in the residential architecture and its transformation progress in the transition period. Research Method: the interpretive-historical method was employed as the main method and the case study method as the complementary one. The Most Important Findings and Conclusion: by investigating the element of façade (especially, the urban façade) in the houses dating back to the late Qajar period to the First Pahlavi period, it seems that in Qajar period, transition period and the First Pahlavi period, the innovative, passive and relational approaches of cultural consumption have been used, respectively. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
4 - Reading the Architectural Spatial Organization of the Houses of Mashhad during the Transition Period, Emphasizing the Concept of Privacy
Sepideh Mousavi Mohsen Tabassi Fatemeh Mehdizadeh SerajAs a result of the tendency of the Qajar and Pahlavi kings toward modernity, the lifestyle of Iranians transformed at an incredible speed. The changes in the way of life affected the architecture of the houses and caused shifts in the direction of the desire for extrove چکیده کاملAs a result of the tendency of the Qajar and Pahlavi kings toward modernity, the lifestyle of Iranians transformed at an incredible speed. The changes in the way of life affected the architecture of the houses and caused shifts in the direction of the desire for extroversion and reducing the amount of privacy. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to study the effect of the spatial organization of houses in creating privacy. Accordingly, the main question of this research is how the concept of privacy in Mashhad houses has been affected by the characteristics of the spatial organization of houses in the transition period. The research method is based on the Space Syntax. In general, the methods used in the current research are divided into two main categories: documentary and field. The statistical population of study includes the houses built from 1895 to 1941, within the historical context of Mashhad. The results show that the houses of Mashhad during the transition period had an introverted spatial organization, which the level of introversion of the houses was gradually reduced. In general, it can be observed that the political, social, and cultural changes in this city quickly and during a short period were represented in the architecture of the houses. Even the presence of an element as powerful as religion could not practically keep the sanctuary of the holy city away from major social changes and transformations, which were taking place at the country level. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
5 - Peripartum Injection of Vitamins (E and B12) and Trace Minerals (Selenium and Iron) in Holstein Dairy Cows: Effect on Milk Production and Composition, Body Condition Score and Serum Metabolites
S.R. Mousavi F. Fatahnia G. Taasoli Y. MohammadiThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of injection of vitamin E and selenium, vitamin B12 and iron or their combination during the transition period on milk production and composition, body condition score (BCS) changes and serum metabolites of dairy cows. چکیده کاملThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of injection of vitamin E and selenium, vitamin B12 and iron or their combination during the transition period on milk production and composition, body condition score (BCS) changes and serum metabolites of dairy cows. A total of 40 Holstein dairy cows (659±57.9 kg of body weight (BW)) were divided into four groups based on parity, BW and BCS and randomly assigned to experimental treatments. Experimental treatments were T1: injection of NaCl % 0.9 as control treatment (C), T2: injection of 3000 IU of vitamin E and 30 mg of selenium (ESe), T3: injection of 700 μg of vitamin B12 and 254 mg of iron (B12Fe) and T4: injection of 3000 IU of vitamin E and 30 mg of selenium plus 700 μg of vitamin B12 and 254 mg of iron (ESe+B12Fe). Injection of ESe, B12Fe or ESe + B12Fe had no effect on BCS and its changes (P>0.05). Milk production, 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM), energy-corrected milk (ECM) and milk fat, protein and lactose content and yield did not influence by injection of ESe, B12Fe or ESe + B12Fe (P>0.05). Experimental treatments had no effect on serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, total protein, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations (P>0.05). It was concluded that injection of ESe, B12Fe or their combination during transition period had no effect on milk production and composition, BCS changes, and serum metabolites concentrations of Holstein dairy cows. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
6 - Insights of Herbal Supplements during Transition Period in Dairy Animals: An Updated Review
K.R. Sriranga A.K. Singh K.R. Harini A. Kumar I. Mukherjee A.B. Durge K.P. MohantaThere have been unsatisfactory results from antibiotic supplementation in long run for dairy animals. Antibiotic supplementation has been reported to accelerate the risk of antibiotic residues along with posing a potential threat to both human and animal health through چکیده کاملThere have been unsatisfactory results from antibiotic supplementation in long run for dairy animals. Antibiotic supplementation has been reported to accelerate the risk of antibiotic residues along with posing a potential threat to both human and animal health through compromised food safety. Therefore, there was a need of some alternative and safe supplementation to the dairy animals which may improve their production, reproduction, health, body condition, energy balance, and oxidative status. Herbal feed supplements are being widely used these days and scientists in the field of animal production are continuously devising the incorporation of some un-conventional herbal feed stuff in the diet of dairy animals. Herbal feed supplementation has been found comparatively much safer than any antibiotic or other inorganic feed supplements in farm animals. Transition management of dairy animals for improved post-partum performances has been a prime focus of most of the animal scientists. Transition period has far reaching effects on the post partum performances in regard to production, reproduction, health, body condition, energy balance, and oxidative status of dairy animals. Herbal supplements during transition period are anticipated to bring desired changes in the production, reproduction, health, body condition, energy balance, and oxidative status of dairy animals. Therefore, this review was framed with an aim of presenting a concise yet an informative discussion over the effects of supplementing herbal feed additives to the dairy animals to overview its effects on different production, reproduction and health parameters. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
7 - The Effect of Socio-Personal Factors on Economic and Managerial Variables in Shahroud Commercial Dairy Farms
Hamed Kashfi Ahmad Reza Yazdani Farhad Shirani Bidabadi Mehrdad LatifiThe purpose of this research was to study the effects of four personal and social variables including the age, literacy, job experience and size of herd on different variables such as implementing of managerial strategies in transition period, relevant costs of these st چکیده کاملThe purpose of this research was to study the effects of four personal and social variables including the age, literacy, job experience and size of herd on different variables such as implementing of managerial strategies in transition period, relevant costs of these strategies, average production per head and gross income of milk sale per head. For this purpose all required information were collected through questionnaire distribution among the owners of commercial dairy farms of Shahroud district. This questionnaire was included three parts. Relevant information about personal and social indices was inserted in first part. Second part included of relevant information about performance and non-performance of considered managerial strategies in transition period and third part was about relevant information about production and economic records. Finally all information about 50 herds was obtained and compared as well. Data analysis was through applying Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method. Also it was possible to specify any relation among independent and dependent variables through calculation of Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Finally it was revealed that social and personal factors have a significant effect on the implementation of management strategies and other independent factors. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
8 - The Effect of Feeding Top-Dress Cottonseed Bioactive Peptide and Organic Selenium on Milk Production, Liver Function, Metabolic, and Immunity Responses during the Prepartum of Holstein Dairy Cattle
Z. Mirbagheri Marvili H. Amanlou N. Eslamian FarsuniThe objective of this study was to assess the effect of feeding top-dress bioactive peptides from cottonseed (CSBP) and hydroxy seleno methionine (HSM) on the performance, immune system, and health status of Holstein cows during the prepartum period. One hundred and eig چکیده کاملThe objective of this study was to assess the effect of feeding top-dress bioactive peptides from cottonseed (CSBP) and hydroxy seleno methionine (HSM) on the performance, immune system, and health status of Holstein cows during the prepartum period. One hundred and eighty multiparous Holstein dry cows from 21 d before the expected calving date were assigned to one of the four experimental treatments of a random-ized complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement including 1) control group (containing inor-ganic Se recommended in NRC (2001)), 2) control plus 1.2 mg HSM, 3) control plus 300 g CSBP and 4) control plus 1.2 mg HSM and 300 g CSBP. The interaction of HSM and CSBP affected prepartum serum glucose concentration. Prepartum immune indicators and liver enzymes were not affected by the interaction of CSBP by HSM. In the postpartum period, the interaction of HSM by CSBP affected the concentration of serum glucose, cholesterol, total protein (TP), and creatine kinase (CK). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) tended to be significant by the interaction of HSM and CSBP. The interaction of CSBP with HSM in-creased milk production. The interaction of CSBP by HSM showed that the Pe0Se1 cows had the lowest milk BHB concentration compared to other treatments. These results demonstrate that feeding top-dress CSBP and HSM could improve milk yield. Increasing total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by HSM and pep-tide separately could be helpful as a tool to pass the inflammatory period peripartum. The liver functionality index wasn’t affected by any of the experimental treatments. پرونده مقاله
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