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دسترسی آزاد مقاله
1 - A Comparative Study of Explicit and Implicit Mediators at Iranian High Schools: Students’ L2 Anxiety and Listening Comprehension
Mohammad Darijani Mehry Haddad Narafshan Leila AnjomshoaAs conceptualized in Vygotsky’s (1978) theory of mediation, the present quantitative study scrutinized the impact of explicit and implicit mediators on high school students’ L2 listening anxiety and listening comprehension. Over six months, two groups of 34 چکیده کاملAs conceptualized in Vygotsky’s (1978) theory of mediation, the present quantitative study scrutinized the impact of explicit and implicit mediators on high school students’ L2 listening anxiety and listening comprehension. Over six months, two groups of 34 Iranian high school students were exposed to pronunciation instruction (explicit mediator-using phonetic rules- and implicit mediator-without phonetic rules), and a control group of 17 students received no pronunciation instruction. Pretests and posttests were used to measure learners’ improvements in listening anxiety and comprehension. Small changes were observed in both variables for the control group, whereas significant progress was found for both experimental groups, especially the explicit group. The results revealed that pronunciation instruction is a meaningful mediator in developing listening comprehension and decreasing listening anxiety among high school students, even when instructional time is restricted. This study has some practical implications suggesting that Iranian school teachers and book designers should consider pronunciation instruction effects when teaching listening to school students. پرونده مقاله -
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2 - Iranian EFL Learners' Attitudes toward the Application of Different Models of Dynamic Assessment to Listening Comprehension Instruction
Mahshid Ghanaat Fariba Rahimi Esfahani Sajad Shafiee Mehrdad SepehriSimultaneous evaluation of the impact of different types of dynamic assessment on EFL learners' listening comprehension has never been conducted as far as the related literature discloses. Most of the studies connected with the dynamic assessment and various language sk چکیده کاملSimultaneous evaluation of the impact of different types of dynamic assessment on EFL learners' listening comprehension has never been conducted as far as the related literature discloses. Most of the studies connected with the dynamic assessment and various language skills have focused on speaking and writing performance. The present qualitative study aimed to examine Iranian EFL learners' attitudes toward the application of three models of dynamic assessment; namely, Interactionist Dynamic Assessment (I-DA), Group Dynamic Assessment (G-DA), and Computerized Dynamic Assessment (C-DA to Listening Comprehension Instruction. For this purpose, the Preliminary English Test (PET) was administered to 140 Iranian EFL female learners in four English Language Institutes in Ahvaz, Iran, who were chosen through availability sampling, and 80 of them were selected as homogeneous participants of the study. Then, they were given a perception questionnaire intended to elicit their insights about applying the different types of dynamic assessment. Three parallel questionnaires were constructed, each consisting of 15 items, and asking the learners about the efficacy of interactionist dynamic assessment in the I-DA group, group dynamic assessment in the G-DA group, and computerized dynamic assessment in the C-DA group. The descriptive analysis of the respondents' answers revealed that the degree of the IDA, GDA, and CDA learners' positive attitudes towards the application of DA reached statistical significance. This finding implies that EFL teachers may need to deliberate on the positive influence of different dynamic assessment models on EFL learners' listening comprehension improvement and, therefore, provide them with more opportunities to interact. پرونده مقاله -
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3 - Estimating Pragmatic Competence of EFL Learners' Listening Comprehension via Gricean Cooperative Principles
Mohammad Reza Afshar Bahman Gorjian Elkhas Veysi Sasan Sharafi Mansoureh ShekaramizUnderstanding the pragmatic meanings of the utterances in exchanges is a serious challenge among English language learners. This study aimed to estimate the pragmatic competence of EFL learners’ listening comprehension concerned with cooperative principles (CPs) o چکیده کاملUnderstanding the pragmatic meanings of the utterances in exchanges is a serious challenge among English language learners. This study aimed to estimate the pragmatic competence of EFL learners’ listening comprehension concerned with cooperative principles (CPs) of TOEFL candidates taking the listening modules. The maxims of quantity, quality, relation, and manner helped test takers uncover the indirect or figurative meanings of the speakers' intended meaning of utterances. The design of the study was exploratory-quantitative and interpretative. The participants were 150 high and low achievers of MA students majoring in TEFL. The research instrument was a 50-item listening test that was randomly selected from the Educational Testing Service (ETS). The participants took the listening test in the fall semester of 2022. Data from the listening test were collected and analyzed via t-test and ANOVA. Findings showed understanding CPs was effective in the learners’ listening performance. Furthermore, results indicated high and low achievers' recognition of quantity and manner principles was significantly different. However, there was no such difference in learners’ comprehension regarding the maxims of quality and relevance. Implications of the study suggest that EFL learners must focus more on the pragmatic meanings of quantity and manner rather than quality and relevance maxims. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
4 - Relationship between Critical Thinking Ability and Listening Comprehension Strategies: Focus on Advanced EFL Learners
Azar Bagheri MasoudzadeThis study was an endeavor to explore the relationship between advanced EFL students' listening comprehension strategies and their critical thinking ability. To do this, 75 Iranian EFL learners of both genders were selected as the subjects of the study. All of them were چکیده کاملThis study was an endeavor to explore the relationship between advanced EFL students' listening comprehension strategies and their critical thinking ability. To do this, 75 Iranian EFL learners of both genders were selected as the subjects of the study. All of them were advanced learners that were selected based on cluster sampling. The employed instruments were two related questionnaires, Critical Thinking Questionnaire (CTQ) and Listening Comprehension Strategies Questionnaire (LCSQ). On the first day, the researcher explained the instruction of this survey clearly and the participants were provided with CTQ to evaluate the strategies employed by them. On the second day, LCSQ were distributed among them. The participants had to responded all the questions in the limited time. Fortunately, none of the students were absent during the data collection procedure, and this factor would increase the reliability of the results. Findings of the study revealed a significant relationship between advanced EFL students' listening comprehension strategies and their critical thinking ability. Results can be significant since identifying the strategies that students apply, assist them to overcome the difficulties they might encounter in different language skills. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
5 - A Comparative Study of the Effect of Explicit and Implicit Pronunciation Instruction on Critical Thinking and Listening Comprehension of English Language Learners
Mohammad Darijani Mehry Haddad Narafshan Leila AnjomshoaCommunication in English and critical thinking are two essential 21st-century competencies. A variety of teaching and learning techniques are being developed to equip students with these skills and meet the challenges of global competition. Critical thinking skills shou چکیده کاملCommunication in English and critical thinking are two essential 21st-century competencies. A variety of teaching and learning techniques are being developed to equip students with these skills and meet the challenges of global competition. Critical thinking skills should be developed and transferred through education, but there are few empirical studies available to help educators decide how to enhance critical thinking in the classroom. Accordingly, the present mixed-methods study scrutinized the impact of explicit and implicit pronunciation instruction on the critical thinking and listening comprehension of English language learners. Over 6 months, two groups of 34 English language learners were exposed to pronunciation instruction (explicit mediators using phonetic rules, and implicit mediators without phonetic rules), and a control group of 17 students received no pronunciation instruction. Pre-tests and post-tests were used to measure learners’ improvement in critical thinking and listening comprehension. Moreover, semi-structured interviews were used to show the participants’ reflections regarding pronunciation instruction. The results of the data analysis revealed no significant change for the control group, but significant progress was found for both experimental groups’ listening comprehension and critical thinking, especially the explicit group. Besides, the qualitative analysis showed that pronunciation instruction increased phonological awareness, listening improvement, and a sense of being analytic among participants in the explicit pronunciation group. Moreover, pronunciation instruction increased listening improvement among implicit pronunciation group participants. In brief, the findings suggest that helping students learn critical thinking skills does not require a comprehensive reorganization of the high school curriculum. It is possible to offer a critical thinking program like this during the school day without seriously disrupting the school’s already full schedule. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
6 - The Effect of Task-Based Activities on Iranian Beginner EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension
Ali Asghar Noshad Mostafa ZamanianThe purpose of this study was to explore the effect of applying task-based activities on students’ listening comprehension improvement. It also aimed at providing evidence to show how shifting from a traditional language teaching approach into the TBLT approach ca چکیده کاملThe purpose of this study was to explore the effect of applying task-based activities on students’ listening comprehension improvement. It also aimed at providing evidence to show how shifting from a traditional language teaching approach into the TBLT approach can positively affect the process of learning listening skill. To do this, 80 participants were selected from three English language institutes in Shiraz. Participants of the study were chosen by assigning a placement test and they were divided into two groups. In the experimental group, the participants were taught listening skills based on the tenets of task-based teaching while the participants in the control group were taught listening skills traditionally. This process continued for 20 sessions. A pre-test and post-test were administered. One-way ANOVA, correlation and t-test analyses were used to determine whether differences between the sample means were statistically significant or not. It was found that the students of the experimental group, who experienced task-based principles of teaching listening, performed remarkably better than those of the control group on the final listening post-test. And it was concluded that there was a statistically significant difference between the effects of tasked-based activities and traditional activities on Iranian beginner EFL learner’s listening comprehension. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
7 - Effects of Closed-caption Programs on EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension and Vocabulary Learning
Gholam Hossein ShahsavandiThis study aimed at investigating the impact of closed-caption program on listening comprehension of English movies and vocabulary learning. Sixty-four graduate students studying at Shiraz Islamic Azad University were selected as the participants of the study. The parti چکیده کاملThis study aimed at investigating the impact of closed-caption program on listening comprehension of English movies and vocabulary learning. Sixty-four graduate students studying at Shiraz Islamic Azad University were selected as the participants of the study. The participants were divided into two groups: experimental group (with closed caption program) and control group (without closed caption program). A BBC documentary movie (EARTH PLANET), was selected based on the content and level of difficulty of the language (matched to level of proficiency of the participants (advanced level)). Both classes watched the movie, but class one with closed-caption and the other one without closed-caption. Two researcher-designed tests (one listening comprehension test and one vocabulary test) were employed as the instruments. To ensure the reliability of the tests, the researcher conducted a pilot study. The results of the Guttmann reliability indicated that the tests were highly reliable. The participants answered the relevant multiple-choice vocabulary and listening comprehension questions. The results of independent sample t-test analysis clearly indicated that closed-caption program had a positive impact on participants’ listening comprehension. It can be said that the participants of the experimental group comprehended the movie better than the participants of the experimental group. However, closed-caption program did not have an effect on participants' vocabulary learning or vocabulary recognition and there wasn’t any difference between the performance of male and female participants of the experimental group in listening comprehension and vocabulary learning tests. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
8 - The Impact of Explicit Instruction of Metadiscourse Markers on EFL Learners' Listening Comprehension
tooba mardaniAccording to Hyland (2000), metadiscourse is recognized as an important means of facilitating communication, supporting a writer's position, and building a relationship with an audience. This study aims to investigate the impact of explicit instruction of metadiscourse چکیده کاملAccording to Hyland (2000), metadiscourse is recognized as an important means of facilitating communication, supporting a writer's position, and building a relationship with an audience. This study aims to investigate the impact of explicit instruction of metadiscourse markers on EFL learners' listening comprehension. The participants of this study were 50 undergraduate students majoring in English Translation at the University of Khorasgan. To elicit the relevant data, participants were given a pretest of listening comprehension to check their initial knowledge and unprompted use of metadiscourse markers. The participants were divided into two groups randomly. Students in the experimental group were taught metadiscourse markers in addition to a process method, while those students in the control group were thought only a process method. Finally, a post test measuring their listening comprehension with metadiscourse markers in focus was administered. The results indicated generally that explicit instruction of metadiscourse markers significantly improves EFL learners' listening comprehension. The findings call practitioners to pay more serious attention to metadiscourse markers in making EFL curricula. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
9 - The effect of discourse markers on listening comprehension of EFL Iranian high and low proficiency Learners
Neda Javadi Ramin RahmanyThis research was designed to investigate the effects of discourse markers on EFL Iranianlearners' listening comprehension. Fifty eight male and female students took a pre-test as aproficiency test first, 39 students out of 58 are needed. To gain this aim, a language pr چکیده کاملThis research was designed to investigate the effects of discourse markers on EFL Iranianlearners' listening comprehension. Fifty eight male and female students took a pre-test as aproficiency test first, 39 students out of 58 are needed. To gain this aim, a language proficiencytest, i.e., Nelson test will be given to the total participants. After calculating Mean and StandardDeviation, each person with +1SD above the mean will be assigned to high level of languageproficiency and each one with -1SD below the mean will be assigned to low level of languageproficiency. Then they were assigned to two experimental groups and a control group, twentystudents for high level proficiency of DMs group, nineteen students for low level proficiency ofDMs group and nineteen students for control group were selected. During four sessions of thetreatment, each experimental group worked on four listening passages taken from IELTS sample.The participants in two experimental groups were encouraged to think and notice meaningfullyto the DMs and their functions how concepts are linked in listening passages by DMs. Alongwith the experimental groups, the participants in the control group also worked on the differentfour listening passages. At the end, three post tests were performed in one session. Finally OnewayANOVA was used to analyze the results of the control and the two experimental groups’post- tests, and a significant difference was observed in the high proficiency experimental groupof DMs and control groups, but there was not observed any remarkable difference between thelow proficiency group and control group. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
10 - The Effectiveness of Shadow-Reading With and Without Written Script on Listening Comprehension of Iranian Intermediate EFL Students.
Meisam Shafiei Ramin Rahmany Ataollah MalekiListening comprehension is at the heart of language learning (Kurita, 2012). It is an importantlanguage skill to develop in terms of second language acquisition (SLA) (Dunkel, 1991; Rost,2001; Vandergrift, 2007).In spite of its importance, L2 learners often regard liste چکیده کاملListening comprehension is at the heart of language learning (Kurita, 2012). It is an importantlanguage skill to develop in terms of second language acquisition (SLA) (Dunkel, 1991; Rost,2001; Vandergrift, 2007).In spite of its importance, L2 learners often regard listening as themost difficult language skill to learn. In this study, shadowing as an act or task in listening, inwhich the learner tracks the target speech and repeats it immediately as exactly as possible, isrecommended to enhance the students’ listening comprehension skills. More specifically, thisstudy aimed at investigating the effect of shadowing with and without written script on theIranian EFL students’ listening comprehension. Seventy seven participants out of apopulation of ninety nine students were randomly picked through the administration ofPreliminary English Test (PET). The participants were three groups of intermediate level.The First group, did shadow-reading as the first experimental group with written script (groupA); the second group, who did shadow-reading as the second experimental group withoutwritten script (group B); and the third, who acted as the control group (group C or nonshadowing).The data were collected through the administration of a pre- test and a post-test.The analysis of the test scores, using a one-way ANOVA, revealed that the experimentalgroups (A & B) performed statistically better in the test. It also revealed that the shadowingwith written script group performed statistically better than the without written script group. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
11 - A Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Persian vs. English Subtitled Movies on Listening Comprehension Ability among Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners
sanaz darvishi Seyed Taghi AndiThe present study examined the effects of Persian versus English subtitled movies on listening comprehension ability among Iranian intermediate EFL learners. To do so, 60 EFL learners were selected through OPT from two classes at a private institute in Sari, Mazandaran چکیده کاملThe present study examined the effects of Persian versus English subtitled movies on listening comprehension ability among Iranian intermediate EFL learners. To do so, 60 EFL learners were selected through OPT from two classes at a private institute in Sari, Mazandaran province. The participants were classified into three groups: two experimental groups: a) English subtitle group (N=20); Persian subtitle group (N = 20) and a control group (N=20). The instruments of this study were listening pre- and posttests. The collected data were analyzed through a paired sample t-test and a One-way ANOVA. The result showed that both Persian and English subtitle films had a significant effect on intermediate EFL learners’ listening comprehension performance. Therefore the first and the second hypotheses were rejected. Moreover, there was statistically meaningful difference between the performances of experimental and control groups in listening comprehension after they received instruction. Therefore, the third hypothesis was rejected. This study had few implications for language teachers, practitioners and syllabus designers to use audiovisual programs in facilitating language learning process. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
12 - The effect of discourse markers on intermediate learners’ listening comprehension
Neda Javadi Ramin RahmanyThis research was designed to investigate the effects of discourse markers on EFL Iranian learners' listening comprehension. Fifty eight male and female students took a pre-test as a proficiency test first, 39 students out of 58 are needed. To gain this aim, a language چکیده کاملThis research was designed to investigate the effects of discourse markers on EFL Iranian learners' listening comprehension. Fifty eight male and female students took a pre-test as a proficiency test first, 39 students out of 58 are needed. To gain this aim, a language proficiency test, i.e., Nelson test will be given to the total participants. After calculating Mean and Standard Deviation, each person with +1SD above the mean will be assigned to high level of language proficiency and each one with -1SD below the mean will be assigned to low level of language proficiency. Then they were assigned to two experimental groups and a control group, twenty students for high level proficiency of DMs group, nineteen students for low level proficiency of DMs group and nineteen students for control group were selected. During four sessions of the treatment, each experimental group worked on four listening passages taken from IELTS sample. The participants in two experimental groups were encouraged to think and notice meaningfully to the DMs and their functions how concepts are linked in listening passages by DMs. Along with the experimental groups, the participants in the control group also worked on the different four listening passages. At the end, three post tests were performed in one session. Finally One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the results of the control and the two experimental groups’ post- tests, and a significant difference was observed in the high proficiency experimental group of DMs and control groups, but there was not observed any remarkable difference between the low proficiency group and control group پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
13 - The Relationship between the Emotional Intelligence of Iranian EFL Learners and Their Performance on the Listening Section of IELTS
hassti gholam-shahbaziThis study was an attempt to explore the role of emotional intelligence on the whole andits components particularly problem solving in EFL learners’ listening comprehensionperformance in the IELTS tests. For this purpose, a total of 39 advanced learners homogenize چکیده کاملThis study was an attempt to explore the role of emotional intelligence on the whole andits components particularly problem solving in EFL learners’ listening comprehensionperformance in the IELTS tests. For this purpose, a total of 39 advanced learners homogenizedaccording to Oxford Placement Test took part in this study. Participants completed the IELTSlistening tests and were asked to fill out the Bar-On emotional intelligence questionnaire. Theobtained quantitative data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients. Resultsindicated a non-significant correlation between the whole EI scores and listening performance oflearners. There were, however, a significant relationship between problem solving and EI. Thesocial responsibility component of EI was also found to have a significant relationship withlistening. The findings are discussed with regard to the role of the IELTS test as a standardizedtest and the high level of learners. Implications and suggestions for further research arepresented. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
14 - The Effect of Teaching Metacognitive Listening Strategy during Shadowing Activity on Field-Dependent and Field-Independent EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension
پرستو علی زاده اقیانوس مونا خبیریThis study aimed to compare the effect of teaching metacognitive listening strategies through shadowing activity on the listening comprehension of field-dependent (FD) and field-independent (FI) EFL learners. Since the researcher had access only to female participants,8 چکیده کاملThis study aimed to compare the effect of teaching metacognitive listening strategies through shadowing activity on the listening comprehension of field-dependent (FD) and field-independent (FI) EFL learners. Since the researcher had access only to female participants,85 female EFL learners from a language institute in Tehran, at the pre-intermediate level of proficiency with the age range of 18-35 were selected out of the initial 120 participants based on their performance on a piloted PET. The Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) was administered to the selected participants in order to categorize them into the two experimental groups (49 FD and 36 FI). The participants including both FD and FI sat in several classes. During a five-week instruction period (twice a week), both groups practiced listening comprehension for 45 minutes through a combination of shadowing activity, and metacognitive strategy instruction with no difference in treatment. The results of the independent samples t-test demonstrated that there was no significant difference between listening posttest scores of FI and FD groups. Therefore, it was concluded that metacognitive strategy training coupled with shadowing activity could be equally beneficial in terms of listening proficiency for all students regardless of their perceptual tendency (FD/FI). The findings of the present study have implications for language teachers regarding metacognitive strategy training and listening comprehension enhancement. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
15 - The Impact of Contextual Clue Selection on Inference
لیلا براتی رضا بی ریاLinguistic information can be conveyed in the form of speech and written text, but it is the content of the message that is ultimately essential for higher-level processes in language comprehension, such as making inferences and associations between text information and چکیده کاملLinguistic information can be conveyed in the form of speech and written text, but it is the content of the message that is ultimately essential for higher-level processes in language comprehension, such as making inferences and associations between text information and knowledge about the world. Linguistically, inference is the shovel that allows receivers to dig meaning out from the text with selecting different embedded contextual clues. Naturally, people with different world experiences infer similar contextual situations differently. Lack of contextual knowledge of the target language can present an obstacle to comprehension (Anderson & Lynch, 2003). This paper tries to investigate how true contextual clue selection from the text can influence listener’s inference. In the present study 60 male and female teenagers (13-19) and 60 male and female young adults (20-26) were selected randomly based on Oxford Placement Test (OPT). During the study two fiction and two non-fiction passages were read to the participants in the experimental and control groups respectively and they were given scores according to Lexile’s Score (LS)[1] based on their correct inference and logical thinking ability. In general the results show that participants’ clue selection based on their personal schematic references and background knowledge differ between teenagers and young adults and influence inference and listening comprehension. [1]- This is a framework for reading and listening which matches the appropriate score to each text based on degree of difficulty of text and each text was given a Lexile score from zero to four. پرونده مقاله -
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16 - The Effect of Digital Stories on Enhancing Iranian Pre-intermediate EFL Learners' Listening Comprehension
Nasrin Hadidi لیلا حسن زادهLearning a foreign language is a challenging process in which learners need motivation and encouragement through the use of modern techniques. The present paper investigates the effects digital stories may have on Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners’ listening c چکیده کاملLearning a foreign language is a challenging process in which learners need motivation and encouragement through the use of modern techniques. The present paper investigates the effects digital stories may have on Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners’ listening comprehension. To this end, the researchers carried out a quasi-experimental research in a language institution in Tabriz (Iran). In total, forty, 11-14-year-old female students participated in this research. Twenty students were in the experimental group and twenty in the control group. The Preliminary English Test (PET) was administered at the beginning of the study to check whether all participants were homogeneous in terms of English language proficiency. A pre-test of listening comprehension was designed to gather initial data on the learners' listening skill prior to the treatment. The experimental group was presented with digital stories in a technology-equipped classroom. After the treatment, a post-test was administered to both groups to test the learners' progression in listening comprehension. Then, using an ANCOVA test, the performance of two groups was compared.The findings indicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the final test. The results raise interesting issues related to the use of technology in the context of foreign language learning, substantiating the link between technology rich environment and improved language learning. پرونده مقاله -
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17 - The Comparative Effect of Using Listening Strategies on Reflective and Impulsive Visually Impaired Learners’ Listening Comprehension
فروزان بیرانوند بهدخت مال امیریThis study aimed to compare the effect of listening strategies, namely, metacognitive, cognitive and social/affective strategies, on impulsive and reflective visually impaired EFL learners’ (VILs) listening comprehension. The participants of the study were 58 male چکیده کاملThis study aimed to compare the effect of listening strategies, namely, metacognitive, cognitive and social/affective strategies, on impulsive and reflective visually impaired EFL learners’ (VILs) listening comprehension. The participants of the study were 58 male and female VILs at pre-intermediate level within the age range of 12-18 in the west of Iran, Khorram Abad. These participants were selected non-randomly from among 10 different classes available to the researcher. To select the participants, the researcher talked to learners of these 10 classes and sought the consent of 58 learners to take part in the study. The Preliminary English Test (PET) pre-piloted on 30 students with almost similar characteristics to the target sample was administered to 72 students for selecting a homogenized group of participants. Then, 58 students were selected. Afterwards, the researcher administered the Personality Questionnaire developed by Eysenck (1975) to categorize them into two experimental groups of impulsive and reflective. Furthermore, the researcher made sure that the two groups were homogeneous regarding their listening comprehension prior to the start of the treatment. In this study, both experimental groups practiced listening comprehension through listening strategies, namely, metacognitive, cognitive and social/affective strategies. The listening section of the PET test was administered as the posttest at the end of the treatment to both groups and their mean scores on the tests were compared through Independent Samples t-test. The results of statistical analyses led to the rejection of null hypothesis with the conclusion that the reflective learners significantly outperformed the impulsive students on the posttest of listening comprehension. پرونده مقاله -
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18 - The Relationship between L2 Listening Comprehension and Listening Fatigue among Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners
سعید نجفی صارم حمید مرعشی مسعود سیریListening is referred to by many scholars as the most important as well as the most complicated skill in the language, which can cause mental fatigue in the learners. This study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between L2 listening comprehension and listen چکیده کاملListening is referred to by many scholars as the most important as well as the most complicated skill in the language, which can cause mental fatigue in the learners. This study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between L2 listening comprehension and listening fatigue among Iranian EFL learners. For this purpose, 86 intermediate and upper-intermediate Iranian EFL learners randomly selected after administering a paper-based TOEFL among an initial sample of 120 BA learners majoring in English language translation, took part in the study. A TOEFL listening test and a researcher-made validated listening fatigue questionnaire were utilized in order to gather the necessary data. Afterwards, during the qualitative phase, oral interviews were employed to obtain 30 % of the participant’s’ attitudes about the relationship between listening comprehension and listening fatigue. Applying a Pearson product-moment correlation revealed that there was a significant relationship between L2 listening fatigue and their listening comprehension. These findings were also supported by a small qualitative phase and learners gave their positive support and attitude about the relationship. These findings have some pedagogical implications for teaching and learning an L2, the most important of which is that in order to enhance EFL learners’ L2 listening comprehension, it is better to reduce their debilitative listening fatigue. پرونده مقاله -
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19 - The Effect of Listening to English Songs on Iranian EFL Pre-intermediate Learners’ Listening Comprehension
مهین رضایی توران آهورThe aim of this study was to find out whether listening to English songs can improve pre-intermediate EFL learners’ listening comprehension. To this end, a non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design as one of the quasi-experimental research designs was e چکیده کاملThe aim of this study was to find out whether listening to English songs can improve pre-intermediate EFL learners’ listening comprehension. To this end, a non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design as one of the quasi-experimental research designs was employed. The sample of the study consisted of 40 male and female English learners from two classes in an Institute in Marand, Iran. The two classes were randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups. Then, a PET test was used to check the homogeneity of both groups. The listening section of PET was also considered as the pretest of the study. Then, fifteen English songs were used in the experimental group during the treatment period. Each session, within 45 minutes, one song was played for and practiced with the learners. Meanwhile, the control group had their usual teacher -fronted class without listening to songs. At the end, both groups were post tested on their listening comprehension using the listening section of another version of PET. The collected data were analyzed using Independent-Samples and Paired-Samples t-tests. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in the performance of the experimental group. It is implied that songs are not only an entertaining tool but they can also be used as a pedagogic material in improving learners’ listening comprehension. پرونده مقاله -
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20 - A Comparative Study of Authentic Listening Materials and their Simplified Versions on the Listening Comprehension and Motivation of Iranian EFL Learners
حسین وثوقی امیر حسین مرادThe present study was an attempt, to empirically investigate if there was any significant difference between authentic listening materials and their simplified version in terms of the listening comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. To this end, two groups of thirty sub چکیده کاملThe present study was an attempt, to empirically investigate if there was any significant difference between authentic listening materials and their simplified version in terms of the listening comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. To this end, two groups of thirty subjects were chosen. One group received authentic listening materials and the other group received the same topic in simplified version through ten sessions. The subjects studied Top Notch Book, level 3. The listening parts were followed with seven listening comprehension questions to assess the listening comprehension of the subjects. Then, at the end of the course, the listening comprehension scores of the two groups were compared by a T-Test. The result showed that simplified demonstration of materials had a benefit over the use of authentic version. A questionnaire was also given to the subjects at the beginning and at the end of the course to find out their motivation toward using authentic or simplified materials. The result indicated that there was no significant difference between two groups in terms of motivation. پرونده مقاله -
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21 - Effect of Group Dynamic Assessment on the Development of Learners’ Listening Comprehension: A Case of Female Iranian EFL Learners
Mahshid Ghenaat Fariba Rahimi Esfahani Sajad Shafiee Mehrdad SepehriThis study aimed to examine the impact of Group Dynamic Assessment (G-DA) on the listening comprehension of Iranian intermediate EFL learners. To this purpose, through the Preliminary English Test (PET) 140 Iranian EFL female learners in four English Language Institutes چکیده کاملThis study aimed to examine the impact of Group Dynamic Assessment (G-DA) on the listening comprehension of Iranian intermediate EFL learners. To this purpose, through the Preliminary English Test (PET) 140 Iranian EFL female learners in four English Language Institutes of Ahvaz, Iran, were tested, and 80 of them were selected as the sample of the study using convenience sampling. They were taught through group dynamic assessment. After the pretest and treatment sessions, the participants were given the listening comprehension post-test and the resultant scores were statistically analyzed to detect their development from pretest to post-test. The obtained results revealed that Group Dynamic Assessment (G-DA) had a positive impact on the participants’ listening comprehension. This finding implies that EFL teachers may need to consider the positive impact of dynamic assessment on EFL learners’ listening comprehension improvement and provide them with more opportunities to interact. They may also need to create a change in the traditional models of listening comprehension assessment which emphasize psychometric quantification of students' performances. پرونده مقاله -
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22 - Relationship Between Foreign Language Listening Anxiety and Listening Comprehension
Belilew Gebre Garoma WakoThis study was carried out to investigate the relationship between foreign language listening anxiety and listening comprehension. The study employed correlational study design. Participants of the study were 40 grade 11 students who attended the listening class in 2015 چکیده کاملThis study was carried out to investigate the relationship between foreign language listening anxiety and listening comprehension. The study employed correlational study design. Participants of the study were 40 grade 11 students who attended the listening class in 2015/2016. Foreign language listening anxiety questionnaire and listening comprehension tests were used as data gathering instruments. These data were analyzed using Pearson’s Product moment correlation and one way ANOVA. In order to identify the significance of differences between the pairs of FL listening anxiety, multiple comparisons or a post hoc test was also conducted. The results revealed that there was a significant, negative correlation between listening comprehension and foreign language listening anxiety. The findings also showed that the mean differences were statistically significant between the low anxiety and average anxiety, low anxiety and high anxiety and average anxiety and high anxiety. پرونده مقاله -
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23 - Relationship between Autonomy and Listening Comprehension Ability among Iranian EFL Learners
Shiva Safari Omid TabatabaeiAbstract This study aimed at investigating the possible impact of gender and proficiency level on the relationship between autonomy and listening comprehension ability among Iranian low and high proficiency male and female EFL learners. One hundred six English learners, چکیده کاملAbstract This study aimed at investigating the possible impact of gender and proficiency level on the relationship between autonomy and listening comprehension ability among Iranian low and high proficiency male and female EFL learners. One hundred six English learners, based on the results of Oxford Placement Test (OPT), version II, took part in this study. Both female and male learners with the age range of 13 to 29 from two girl language institutes in Khomeynishahr and one boy school in Shahrekord participated in the study. The instruments of the study consisted of an OPT, an autonomy questionnaire, and two listening comprehension tests. First of all, the participants were required to take the OPT and autonomy questionnaire and then in a different session they were asked to sit for the listening comprehension tests. The collected data were analyzed by means of SPSS and the results of statistical analysis indicated that (1) gender could not modify the relationship, (2) proficiency level, on the other hand, had a significant effect on the relationship between autonomy and listening comprehension ability and those with higher proficiency outperformed the lower proficiency learners. The findings of this study could have implications for learners, teachers, and material developers. پرونده مقاله -
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24 - The Role of Pre-listening Activities on EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension
Zahra RajaeiAbstract Listening plays a significant role in daily communication and educational processes. In spite of its importance, listening has long been the neglected skill in second and foreign language acquisition, research, teaching, and assessment. However, on account of t چکیده کاملAbstract Listening plays a significant role in daily communication and educational processes. In spite of its importance, listening has long been the neglected skill in second and foreign language acquisition, research, teaching, and assessment. However, on account of the entire challenges EFL learners encounter in classrooms due to the listening complexity, some pre-listening activities as supports in the procedure of teaching listening are proposed by experts in the field. This research investigated 80 male and female learners in 2 groups of 40, who were selected randomly, to determine whether pre-listening activities have a significant effect on listening comprehension of English texts. It also investigated whether there was a significant difference between male and female learners on pre-listening activities in terms of their effects on the comprehension of English texts. To do this, subjects first took a TOFEL test, which served as a pre-test, to make it possible to have homogeneous learners in a control group and an experimental group. In the experimental group, some pre-listening tasks, through which the learners received general prior information about the content of the listening texts, were performed. Then, they listened to and answered some multiple-choice comprehension questions which asked for the specific information in the listening texts. However, the control group’s listening comprehension tasks were destitute of pre-listening activities. The results of the analysis of the data obtained at the end of the experiment revealed that the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group. It also showed that females outperformed the male group. In other words, the treatments appeared to have a significant effect on the performance of the experimental group (and especially female learners therein) in listening comprehension. پرونده مقاله -
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25 - The Effects of Metacognitive Strategy Training on the Listening Comprehension and Self-Regulation of EFL Learners
Mahboubeh Taghizadeh Arash Gholamy Saleh AbadyAbstractThis study aims to highlight the key roles played by metacognitive strategies training in the development of listening comprehension skill and self-regulation strategies of EFL learners. The participants of this study (N = 60) were female Iranian students assign چکیده کاملAbstractThis study aims to highlight the key roles played by metacognitive strategies training in the development of listening comprehension skill and self-regulation strategies of EFL learners. The participants of this study (N = 60) were female Iranian students assigned to two groups of experimental and control in Kish English Language Institute. Learners in the experimental group received 6-week instruction on the listening metacognitive strategies, while those in the control group received no strategy instruction. Four instruments were used in this study: a pretest of listening comprehension, Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ), Academic Self-Regulated Learning Scale (A-SRL-S), and a posttest on listening comprehension. The analysis of the data revealed that metacognitive listening strategies training improved the listening performance of the learners in the experimental group compared to those in the control group. It also showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the use of problem-solving, planning-evaluation, mental translation, and personal knowledge strategies. The results also showed that learning metacognitive strategies helped language learners to regulate their use of self-evaluation, organizing, goal-setting, seeking assistance, environmental structuring, and responsibility strategies. Additionally, regression analyses demonstrated that self-regulation strategies accounted for 37% of variance in the EFL learners’ listening comprehension, while metacognitive listening strategies accounted for 6 % of the variance. The findings of this study suggested that (a) listening metacognitive strategies training can have benefits on listening skill development, increase use of self-regulatory and metacognitive strategies, (b) learners who used more metacognitive strategies revealed a high level of self-regulation strategies use. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
26 - Impact of Metacognitive Strategy Instruction on Iranian EFL Learners’ Listening Anxiety
Parisa Mohamadpour Reza Talebinejad Omid TabatabaeiThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy of metacognitive strategy instruction intervention on reducing language listening anxiety of Iranian EFL learners in the light of 2 listening metacognitive strategy instruction models of Integrated Experiential Learning Task چکیده کاملThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy of metacognitive strategy instruction intervention on reducing language listening anxiety of Iranian EFL learners in the light of 2 listening metacognitive strategy instruction models of Integrated Experiential Learning Task (IELT) (Goh, 2010) and Metacognitive pedagogical Sequence (MPS) (Vandergrift, 2004). Participants were 63 B1 level learners who were chosen through random sampling and were randomly assigned to 2 experimental and 2 control groups. Before and after the intervention, Kim’s (2000) Foreign Language Listening Anxiety scale (FLLAS) and the listening section of Preliminary English Test (PET) were administered to all groups as pre and post tests. All four groups were taught by the same researcher and the listening comprehension material was constant over the groups. The first experimental group received IELT intervention, the second experimental group received MPS intervention, and both control groups received traditional product-based listening comprehension instruction while the active control group also received explicit instruction of the metacognitive strategies. ANCOVA results proved that although both IELT and MPS were effective in lowering anxiety level, the performance of MPS was of a large effect size, and it was a better model to lower learners’ anxiety. Both models significantly improved learners’ listening comprehension. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
27 - Impact of Using YouTube Videos on Iranian Intermediate Male and Female EFL Learners' Listening Skill Development
Rahmatolah Mostajeran Omid TabatabaeiThis study aimed at investigating the effect of instructional YouTube videos on Iranian male and female EFL learners' listening comprehension. It was conducted with 60 male and female intermediate male and female EFL learners. The Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT) was چکیده کاملThis study aimed at investigating the effect of instructional YouTube videos on Iranian male and female EFL learners' listening comprehension. It was conducted with 60 male and female intermediate male and female EFL learners. The Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT) was used to measure the participants’ language proficiency to make sure about homogeneity of the participants. The participants were assigned into two experimental groups and two control groups based on their gender. Then, the experimental groups received instructional YouTube clips, but the control group received the same material without YouTube clips. A pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design was adopted for the purpose of doing this research study. The findings represented that the experimental groups had a significantly higher performance than the control groups and there was no significant difference between male and female learners. The findings of the study offer some practical implications for EFL teachers, learners, curriculum planners, and teaching methodology. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
28 - Implications of News Segments and Movies for Enhancing Listening Comprehension of Language Learners
Taher BahraniAbstract Armed with technological development, the present study aimed at gauging the effectiveness of exposure to news and movies as two types of audiovisual programs in improving language learners’ listening comprehension at the intermediate level. To this end, چکیده کاملAbstract Armed with technological development, the present study aimed at gauging the effectiveness of exposure to news and movies as two types of audiovisual programs in improving language learners’ listening comprehension at the intermediate level. To this end, a listening comprehension test was administered to 108 language learners and finally 60 language learners were selected as intermediate language learners and randomly divided into group one and group two. During the experiment, group one participants had exposure to audiovisual news stories to work on in and outside the classroom. On the contrary, the participants in group two had only exposure to a sample selected utterances extracted from different kinds of movies. At the end of the experiment, both groups took another sample listening test to find out to what extent the participants in each group could enhance their listening comprehension. The results obtained from the posttest were indicative of the fact that the participants who had exposure to news outperformed the participants who had exposure to movies. The findings of the present research seem to indicate that the language input embedded in the type of audiovisual programs which language learners are exposed to is more important than the amount of exposure. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
29 - The Contribution of Cornell Note-Taking Strategy Instruction to the Listening Comprehension of Iranian EFL Learners: A Case of Learners’ Perception
Shahrzad Amini zahra sadatiThe current study is a quasi-experimental mixed method that sought to further investigate the effect of teaching the Cornell method on improving the listening comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. It also aimed to examine the perceptions of English language learners to چکیده کاملThe current study is a quasi-experimental mixed method that sought to further investigate the effect of teaching the Cornell method on improving the listening comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. It also aimed to examine the perceptions of English language learners toward the Cornell method. The participants were 60 female students at the Mehr-e-Taban Girl’s bilingual high school in Shiraz. Data collection tools included an Oxford Quick Placement Test, a questionnaire, a semi-structured interview, and one sample of the First Certificate in English (FCE) listening test. Data analysis was conducted using a one-sample t-test, independent sample t-test, paired samples t-test, and the Covariance test. According to the results, the experimental group outperformed their peers in the listening comprehension test. Qualitative data analysis revealed that students viewed the Cornell method as beneficial for comprehending listening tests. The study recommends using the Cornell method to enhance students' listening skills and critical thinking. پرونده مقاله -
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30 - The Effect of Using Dictogloss Technique on Listening Comprehension
Hossein Ahmadi RezaeiThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of using dictogloss technique on EFL's listening comprehension ability. This was an experimental research with non-randomized control group pretest- posttest design. Class A was the experimental research group, while cl چکیده کاملThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of using dictogloss technique on EFL's listening comprehension ability. This was an experimental research with non-randomized control group pretest- posttest design. Class A was the experimental research group, while class B is the control group. Each of them consisted of 25 students. A pre-test was administered to both groups at the beginning of the experiment to ensure that they had the same language background. During 15 sections of study, the Experimental group received treatment by dictogloss technique while the control group did not. At the end of the experiment, a post-test was assigned to both groups to determine whether the dictogloss technique had positively affected the students' listening comprehension abilities. The mean scores gained from both classes showed that the Experimental group had higher mean scores than the Control Group; this showed that the dictogloss technique had worked well. پرونده مقاله -
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31 - The Effect of Watching Musical Movies on English Language Learners’ Listening Comprehension and Happiness
Mohammad PurRezaii Mehry Haddad Narafshan Massoud TajadiniThe link between education and happiness has been a topic of inquiry among social scientists for a considerable period. However, prior studies have not dedicated sufficient focus to the influence of educational approaches on the happiness of English language learners. C چکیده کاملThe link between education and happiness has been a topic of inquiry among social scientists for a considerable period. However, prior studies have not dedicated sufficient focus to the influence of educational approaches on the happiness of English language learners. Consequently, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of musical movies on the happiness and listening comprehension of English language learners. The current study was implemented within the context of English listening comprehension, involving a sample of participants aged 10 years (N=52). The study was carried out at a private primary school located in Kerman, Iran. To procure quantitative data and monitor any plausible changes in the listening comprehension of the students, pre- and post-listening tests were administered. Additionally, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire developed by Hills and Argyle (2002) was used to assess the participants’ happiness levels in English language classrooms at both the beginning and end of the project. The results of the post-listening tests indicated that the experimental group exhibited superior performance compared to the control group participants. Furthermore, it was observed that the implementation of songs from animated movies resulted in heightened levels of happiness among the participants. Briefly, when the process of learning English becomes a pleasurable and satisfying experience, it has the potential to enhance the happiness and listening comprehension of the students. پرونده مقاله -
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32 - The Impact of Visualization and Graphic Organizers on EFL Learners’ Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Engagement and Listening
Leily Ganeh Badrabad Afsaneh GhanizadehThe present study examined the impact of visualization and graphic organizers as pre-listening strategies on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ cognitive, behavioral, and emotional engagement and their listening comprehension. To do so, this study was c چکیده کاملThe present study examined the impact of visualization and graphic organizers as pre-listening strategies on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ cognitive, behavioral, and emotional engagement and their listening comprehension. To do so, this study was carried out in three listening classes at Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. The participants included 80 junior EFL university students. A quasi experimental design with a control group and two experimental groups (graphic organizers and visualization) was utilized. Students’ engagement was assessed through academic engagement questionnaire measuring behavioral, emotional, and cognitive aspects of academic engagement. A sample IELTS (International English Language Testing System) test was utilized to gauge students’ level of listening proficiency. To examine the impact of the two intervention techniques on listening proficiency level, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was run. A one-way between-groups multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was utilized to investigate the role of graphic organizers and visualization in students’ behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of graphic organizers and visualization as pre-listening strategies in enhancing EFL university students’ listening achievement as well as their engagement. The results of post-hoc analysis showed that visualization and graphic organizer techniques were equally influential in enhancing learners’ listening proficiency. It was also found the emotional engagement exhibited the highest difference and cognitive engagement showed the lowest difference. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
33 - Interplay of Working Memory Capacity with Implicit/Explicit Metacognitive Strategy Instruction: Listening Comprehension Performance in Focus
Parisa Mohamadpour امید طباطباییThis study investigated the differential effect of implicit/explicit metacognitive strategy instruction on the listening comprehension performance of Iranian EFL learners. It also explored the possible interaction of metacognitive strategy instruction with EFL learners& چکیده کاملThis study investigated the differential effect of implicit/explicit metacognitive strategy instruction on the listening comprehension performance of Iranian EFL learners. It also explored the possible interaction of metacognitive strategy instruction with EFL learners’ working memory capacity. To achieve these objectives, 63 EFL learners were selected as participants based on their performance on a placement test and were randomly assigned to two experimental (implicit/explicit metacognitive strategy instruction) and two control (active and passive) groups. A task-based explicit metacognitive strategy instruction model was implemented in the explicit group. The implicit group received instruction based on a hybrid metacognitive strategy instruction model. All participants took the Automated Operation Span Test (AOST) as well as a PET listening paper. They also took the listening section of the FCE as their transfer test. The obtained results revealed that while both implicit and explicit metacognitive strategy instructions significantly affected the participants’ listening comprehension performance, explicit instruction was of greater effect. The results also showed that listening comprehension variations were not significant in the active control group, which indicated that no positive results can be achieved just by introducing strategies without contextualizing them in practice. Working memory capacity (WMC) also showed to be of significant predictive power for listening comprehension improvement in the explicit instruction group. Finally, the findings of the study demonstrated that implicit metacognitive strategy instruction works much better for learners with limited WMC or groups of learners with heterogeneous WMCs. پرونده مقاله -
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34 - Incorporating Purposeful Assessment Scenarios in L2 Listening Class: A Learner-Oriented Approach
Elham Ghorbanpour Gholam-Reza Abbasian Ahmad MohseniThis study investigated the effect of purposeful assessment scenarios, Assessment for Learning (AFL), Assessment as Learning (AAL), and integrated purposeful assessment scenarios on Iranian EFL learners’ development of listening comprehension. To this end, 100 lea چکیده کاملThis study investigated the effect of purposeful assessment scenarios, Assessment for Learning (AFL), Assessment as Learning (AAL), and integrated purposeful assessment scenarios on Iranian EFL learners’ development of listening comprehension. To this end, 100 learners organized in three experimental and one control group participated in this quasi-experimental study. They received listening instructions of the mentioned purposeful assessment forms. Parametric statistical analysis in the form of some one-way ANOVAs revealed thatEFL learners exposed to integrated assessment could significantly develop their listening comprehension better than the AFL- and AAL-oriented instruction groups. However, no significant difference between AAL- and AFL-oriented groups’ listening comprehension was obtained. Though the findings are not in favor of any of the individual scenarios, they lend support to their feasibility in classroom performance assessment and assert the usefulness and viability of the synthetic approach to assessment through which measurement and instruction are bifurcated. پرونده مقاله
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