Estrus

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

1 - تأثیر غلظت‌های مختلف استرادیول پیش تخمک گذاری بر روی درصد آبستنی در گاوهای شیری همزمان شده
قاسم اکبری محمود بلورچی پرویز هورشتی امیر نیاسری نسلجی پرویز تاجیک رحمت اکبری

هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی وجود ارتباط بین غلظت استرادیول سرم گاوهای همزمان شده در زمان پرواستروس و میزان آبستنی است. 167 گاو شیری هولشتاین به صورت تصادفی به چهار گروه درمانی تقسیم شدند، دو گروه با دو تزریق آنالوگ پروستاگلندین به فاصله 14 روز پیش همزمان شدند، و در اد چکیده کامل

هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی وجود ارتباط بین غلظت استرادیول سرم گاوهای همزمان شده در زمان پرواستروس و میزان آبستنی است. 167 گاو شیری هولشتاین به صورت تصادفی به چهار گروه درمانی تقسیم شدند، دو گروه با دو تزریق آنالوگ پروستاگلندین به فاصله 14 روز پیش همزمان شدند، و در ادامه اجرای برنامه Ovsynch و یا Heatsynch (برنامه های Ovsynch و Heatsynch در بر دارنده 2 تزریق GnRH (15ماکروگرم آلارلین، وتارولین، ابوریحان، ایران) و PGF به فاصله ی 7 روز بوده است. متعاقب آن در برنامه ی Ovsynch گاوها دز دیگری از GnRH 48 ساعت پس از PGF دریافت کرده و 16 ساعت بعد از تزریق اخیر تلقیح مصنوعی صورت گرفت. در برنامه ی Heatsynch گاوها یک میلی گرم استرادیول بنزوات (وتاسترول، ابوریحان، ایران) 24 ساعت بعد PGF دریافت کردند، گاوهایی که علائم فحلی را تا 48 ساعت بعد از تزریق استرادیول نشان دادند، 12 ساعت پس از مشاهده فحلی تلقیح شدند. گاوهایی که علائم فحلی را نشان ندادند 48 ساعت بعد از تزریق استرادیول تلقیح شدند.)، دو گروه دیگر با تزریق پروستاگلندین دو روز قبل از تزریق گنادرولین (G6G) پیش همزمان شدند، و در ادامه شروع برنامه Ovsynch و یا Heatsynch شش روز بعد از تزریق گناد پیش همزمانی. چهار نمونه خون از دام‌ها اخذ شد، دو نمونه اول قبل از شروع برنامه جهت تعیین دام‌های سیکلیک برای ورود به برنامه، نمونه سوم 24 ساعت بعد از تزریق پروستاگلندین برنامه همزمانی (جهت ارزیابی غلظت استرادیول در زمان پرواستروس) و نمونه چهارم 21 روز بعد از تلقیح دام‌ها جهت ارزیابی غلظت پروژسترون از دام‌ها اخذ شد. تشخیص آبستنی به کمک دستگاه سونوگرافی 30 روز بعد از تلقیح انجام گرفت. میانگین تولید شیر و امتیاز وضعیت بدنی در فاصله یک هفته از زمان تلقیح در بین گروه‌های درمانی مشابه بود. غلظت استرادیول سرم اخذ شده در زمان پرواستروس نیز در بین گروه‌های درمانی مشابه بود. با وجود اینکه درصد آبستنی در گروه Presynch-Heatsynch نسبت به سایر گروه‌ها بالاتر بود (53% در مقابل 43% در گروه‌های presynch-ovsynch و G6G-heatsynch و 39% در گروه presynch-ovsynch ) اما این اختلاف معنی دار نبود. همبستگی مثبت معنی داری بین غلظت استرادیول در زمان پرواستروس و درصد آبستنی در کل گروه‌های درمانی مشاهده شد (با ضریب همبستگی 267/0)، که این همبستگی در گروه G6G-Ovsynch نمایانتر بود (با ضریب 343/0). این مطالعه نشان داد که غلظت استرادیول در زمان پیش تخمگ گذاری به صورت معنی داری با درصد آبستنی رابطه مثبت دارد. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

2 - اثرات مرکزی فوئنکسین و موسیمول بر تشنجات ناشی از پنتیلن تترازول در مراحل مختلف چرخه فحلی در موش صحرایی
علی اکبر آزادی مرتضی زنده دل جهانگیر کبوتری نگار پناهی احمد اصغری

ززمینه و هدف: صرع کاتامینال یا قاعدگی، شکلی خاص از صرع در زنان است که طی آن با بروز چرخه قاعدگی تشدید تشنج رخ می‌دهد و ممکن است تا 70 درصد از زنان دچار صرع را درگیر نماید. بر پایه مطالعات پیشین، نقش نوروپپتید فوئنکسین در سیستم تولیدمثلی جنس ماده مشاهده شده و اثرات ضدتشن چکیده کامل

ززمینه و هدف: صرع کاتامینال یا قاعدگی، شکلی خاص از صرع در زنان است که طی آن با بروز چرخه قاعدگی تشدید تشنج رخ می‌دهد و ممکن است تا 70 درصد از زنان دچار صرع را درگیر نماید. بر پایه مطالعات پیشین، نقش نوروپپتید فوئنکسین در سیستم تولیدمثلی جنس ماده مشاهده شده و اثرات ضدتشنجی آن نیز اخیراً به اثبات رسیده است. همچنین به نظر می‌رسد که سیستم گابائرژیک نقش مهمی در مهار تشنج ایفا ‌کند. از این رو، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات مرکزی فوئنکسین و موسیمول (آگونیست گیرنده گابا A) بر تشنجات ناشی از پنتیلن تترازول در مراحل مختلف چرخه فحلی در موش صحرایی انجام شد.مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه تعداد 120 سر موش صحرایی ماده در 5 گروه آزمایشی به ترتیب تزریق درون بطن مغزی سرم فیزیولوژی، فوئنکسین (5 میکروگرم)، فوئنکسین (10 میکروگرم) ، فوئنکسین (5 میکروگرم)+ موسیمول (1/0 میکروگرم) و فوئنکسین (10 میکروگرم)+ موسیمول (1/0 میکروگرم) را طی مراحل مختلف چرخه فحلی (پرواستروس، استروس، مت‌استروس و دی‌استروس) دریافت کردند. پس از تزریق درون بطن مغزی، به منظور القا تشنج، تزریق درون صفاقی پنتیلن تترازول با دوز 80 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن موش صحرایی در تمامی گروه‌ها انجام شد و زمان آغاز تشنجات میوکلونیک و تونیک–کلونیک (ثانیه) به مدت 30 دقیقه ارزیابی و ثبت شد.نتایج: نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که تزریق فوئنکسین به تنهایی در دوزهای 5 و 10 میکروگرم بصورت وابسته به دوز موجب افزایش معنی دار زمان شروع تشنجات میوکلونیک و تونیک-کلونیک (ثانیه) در تمامی فازهای فحلی نسبت به گروه کنترل شد (05/0p<). همچنین تزریق توأمان فوئنکسین با موسیمول نیز بطور معنی داری تشدید اثر فوئنکسین بر زمان شروع تشنجات میوکلونیک و تونیک-کلونیک (ثانیه) را در تمامی فازهای فحلی در پی داشت (05/0p<).نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که اثرات ضد تشنجی فوئنکسین احتمالأ توسط گیرنده‌های گابا A میانجی‌گری شود. پرونده مقاله

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3 - بررسی اثر هم‌زمان‌سازی فحلی و استفاده از GnRH بر برخی شاخص‌های سرمی و میزان باروری گوسفندان نژاد ماکویی در فصل تولیدمثل
رسول بابازاده اقدم غلامعلی مقدم حسین دقیق کیا سیدعباس رافت آیتک بخشایش خیابانی سینا مقدم

یکی از مهم‌ترین مشکلات دامداری ها پایین بودن نرخ باروری است. بنابراین، می توان با استفاده از هورمون های صناعی فرآیند تولیدمثل را در دام ها کنترل و نرخ باروری آن ها را با استفاده از هم زمان سازی فحلی افزایش داد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی اثر هورمون GnRH(هورمون آزادکن چکیده کامل

یکی از مهم‌ترین مشکلات دامداری ها پایین بودن نرخ باروری است. بنابراین، می توان با استفاده از هورمون های صناعی فرآیند تولیدمثل را در دام ها کنترل و نرخ باروری آن ها را با استفاده از هم زمان سازی فحلی افزایش داد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی اثر هورمون GnRH(هورمون آزادکننده گنادوتروپین) در روزهای 10، 11 و 12 بعد از تلقیح مصنوعی بر باروری میش بود. برای این منظور 226 رأس گوسفند ماکوئی با استفاده از سیدر همزمان سازی فحلی شدند. پس از درآوردن سیدر، تمامی میش ها PMSG(گنادوتروپین سرم مادیان آبستن) را به مقدار 400 واحد بین المللی دریافت کردند. دو روز بعد، میش های فحل شده با اسپرم تازه، تلقیح مصنوعی شده و به سه گروه تقسیم شدند. گروه شاهدهیچ هورمونی دریافت نکرد. گروه دوم به زیرگروه های D، E و Fتقسیم شدند که به ترتیب در روزهای 10، 11 و 12 بعد از تلقیح مقدار 20 میکروگرم GnRH(هورمون آزادکننده گنادوتروپین‌) به روش عضلانی دریافت کردند و گروه سوم (گروه G) نیز در روز 12 بعد از تلقیح مقدار 40 میکروگرم GnRH دریافت کرد. 5 میلی لیتر خون دو روز بعد از تزریق به وسیله لوله ونوجکت گرفته شد. غلظت گلوکز، فسفر، اوره، پروتئین تام و پروژسترون سرم خون اندازه گیری گردید. برای تجزیه متغیرهای وابسته و متغیرهای مستقل به ترتیب از رویه GLM(General Linear Model) و FREQ (frequencies) نرم افزار SASاستفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر GnRH بر میزان پروژسترون کاملاً معنی دار بود (01/0>p). همچنین بیشترین نرخ باروری متعلق به گروه سوم بوده و تفاوتی معنی دار در نرخ باروری بین گروه مذکور با سایر گروه ها مشاهده شد (01/0>p). به طور کلی می توان نتیجه گرفت که تزریق 5 میلی‌لیتر GnRH در روز 12 بعد از تلقیح، نرخ باروری میش را بهبود می‌بخشد. پرونده مقاله

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4 - Timing Ovulation in Ewes Treated with Ovsynch Different Times of PGF2 αInjection during the Breeding Season
T.A.M. Ashmawy

This study was carried out at Sakha Animal Production Research Station, during the period from Oct., 2009 to Sept., 2010. Forty Rahmani ewes were divided into three treatment groups: the 1st, 2nd and 3rd treatment groups were intramuscularly injected (Day 0) with 1 mL G چکیده کامل

This study was carried out at Sakha Animal Production Research Station, during the period from Oct., 2009 to Sept., 2010. Forty Rahmani ewes were divided into three treatment groups: the 1st, 2nd and 3rd treatment groups were intramuscularly injected (Day 0) with 1 mL GnRH analogue followed by an intramuscular injection with 0.7 mL PGF2α5 (G1), 6 (G2) or 7 (G3) days later. A second dose of 1 mL GnRH analogue was given on day 7 (G1), 8 (G2) or 9 (G3), and artificially insemination of treated doze was carried out 24 h later, while the 4th group represented the control ewes which were allowed for natural mating from 1st to the end of January, the breeding season. Results show that one out of 10 ewes (10%) exhibited estrous activity in G1 versus 30% (3 out of 10 ewes) in both G2 and G3. Ewes in G1 treatment group showed highest (P<0.05) lambing rate (60%), followed by G2 (50%) and the lowest in G3 (40%), while, lambing rate of the controls was 60%. Litter size and fecundity were significantly the highest (P<0.05) in G1 (1.67/litter and 100.2%), followed by G2 (1.40/litter and 70%) and the lowest in G3 (1.25/litter and 43%), respectively. P4 concentration was significantly (P<0.05) increased in all treatment groups as affected by the 1st GnRH injection, thereafter, it showed marked decrease in all treatment groups post-PGF2ainjection. Post-2nd GnRH injection, P4 level showed again a pronounced increase in all treatment groups. On day 21-24 post-mating, P4 level showed the highest values in all treatment groups. Based on the foregoing results, using GnRH-PGF2-GnRH (GnRH, 0 d; PGF2α 5 d laterandGnRH 48 h later) protocol during breeding season can be used for synchronization of estrus and ovulation to reduce service and lambing interval of ewes in the large flocks. پرونده مقاله

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5 - Estrus Characteristics of Black Bengal Does Under Intensive Condition
M. Fakruzzaman Q.S. Akter S.S. Husain M.A.M.Y. Khandoker A.S. Apu M.R. Islam

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of different seasons on length and duration of estrus as well as to observe the behavioral changes and physiological peculiarities during estrus period. Three climatic seasons and age groups were considered: su چکیده کامل

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of different seasons on length and duration of estrus as well as to observe the behavioral changes and physiological peculiarities during estrus period. Three climatic seasons and age groups were considered: summer (March-June), rainy (July-October) and winter (November-February); A (6-9 month), B (9-12 month) and C (>12 month). Estrus behavior was monitored twice a day, using a teaser buck. The estrus were quantified within each season and classified as short (25 days). In case of seasonal effect, the length of estrous cycle did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The higher length of estrous cycle was found in summer (23.50±1.57 days) followed by winter (21.33±1.01 days) and rainy season (20.79±0.61 days), respectively. On the other hand, duration of estrus showed significant (P≤0.05) differences among the three different seasons. The longer duration was observed in winter (44.00±1.95 hours) followed by summer (36.00±0.70 hours) and rainy season (35.54±0.80 hours), respectively. Higher percentage of normal estrus was observed during rainy season (79.31%) when compared to winter (72.73%) and summer (53.33%). On the other hand, a greater percentage of short and long estrous cycle was reported in summer followed by winter and rainy season. Moreover, length of estrus and its duration did not differ significantly (P>0.05) with age. The mean of rectal and vaginal temperature during estrus were recorded as 39.30±0.05 °C and 39.60±0.03 °C, respectively. However, seasonal variation on post-partum heat period did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The mean post-partum heat period of Black Bengal does among the seasons was observed as 84.56±3.28 days. The present result on estrus behavior of Black Bengal goat could help to boost up effective artificial insemination of goat population for optimizing productivity under intensive condition. پرونده مقاله

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6 - Effects of PMSG Doses on Reproductive Performance of Kurdi Ewes Artificially Inseminated during Breeding Season
M. Nosrati M. Tahmorespoor M. Vatandoost M. Behgar

This experiment was conducted to determine the reproductive performance of Kurdi ewes which were artificially inseminated (AI). In total 240 Kurdi ewes, weighing 49.5±2.5 kg were used in the trail. The ewes were allocated randomly to one of four groups (n=60/in e چکیده کامل

This experiment was conducted to determine the reproductive performance of Kurdi ewes which were artificially inseminated (AI). In total 240 Kurdi ewes, weighing 49.5±2.5 kg were used in the trail. The ewes were allocated randomly to one of four groups (n=60/in each group). For synchronizing, controlled internal drug release (CIDR) was placed in the vagina of all individuals for 14 days. After removing the CIDR, pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) hormone was intramuscularly injected at the dosages of 300, 400, 500 and 600 IU in four groups of ewes. Cervical artificial insemination was performed after two days following CIDR withdrawal and hormone administration. The conception rates in groups I, II, III and IV were found as 63.7, 66.1, 65.8 and 67.9%, respectively. The mean litter size was significantly higher in groups II, III and IV (1.30, 1.34 and 1.46) than group I (1.11). The fecundity rate was lowest in group I (65.6%). Administration of 600 I.U PMSG resulted in the highest (58.9%) multiple births (P<0.05). These results suggest that 600 I.U. PMSG was more effective in increasing multiple births in the Kurdi ewes in breeding season. پرونده مقاله

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7 - Allele Frequency of c.486A>G Polymorphism of the <i>AA-NAT</i> Gene in Iranian Indigenous and Exotic Sheep Populations
S. Emanizadeh H. Alnajm A. Javanmard J. Shoja A. Rafat

Typically, lambing percentage is classified as a composite trait and is crucial to profitability in domestic sheep farming. In breeding programs, out-of-season reproduction of sheep is an important tool because seasonal reproduction limits productivity and flexibility. چکیده کامل

Typically, lambing percentage is classified as a composite trait and is crucial to profitability in domestic sheep farming. In breeding programs, out-of-season reproduction of sheep is an important tool because seasonal reproduction limits productivity and flexibility. Understanding the complexities of genetic aspects of the none- seasonal reproduction has received significant critical attention in the literature. In this puzzle, the arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) is a rate-limiting enzyme of the melatonin synthesis pathway and is highlighted as a candidate gene that is responsible for melatonin synthesis and is thus directly associated with out-of-season reproduction in sheep. With this scenario research, we aimed to examine the allele frequency of the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) polymorphism in the AA-NAT gene in 11 native and exotic sheep populations. A total of 220 blood samples were taken from 11 breeds of sheep, including the exotic breeds Romanov (ROMV) and [Awassi (AWAS), Arabi (ARAB), Naaimi (NAIM) Iraqi native sheep] and [Ghezel (GHZL), Makui (MAKU)], Kurdi (KURD), Baluchi (BALCH), Afshari (AFSR) Iranian native sheep] and two Afshari-Booroola and Romanov-Ghezel F1 cross). Here, we describe the Smal-RFLP genotypes and allele frequency patterns of the (c.486A>G) casual single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the exon of AA-NAT within and between the examined sheep breeds. In addition, PCR sequencing methods were used to double-check A/G and confirmation of PCR-RFLP results. This mutation changed the Arg > Gly structure from helix to helix-effective in improving non-seasonal reproduction. Interestingly, the observed variation of G allele ranged from 0.1 to 0.43 in all study breeds. ROMV is a candidate for non-seasonal sheep breeds and its cross expresses the highest G allele frequency among other breeds studied. The frequency of the AA-NAT genotype was significantly different between breeds in this study. Therefore, the exotic 486A>G mutation created a useful mirror to identify genomics aspects of seasonal/non-seasonal reproduction in sheep. پرونده مقاله

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8 - Oestrus Duration and Status of Reproductive Organs in Repeat Breeding Cows
F.A. Bhat H.K. Bhattacharyya

The present study was conducted to see the effect of non-specific genital infections and ovulatory disturbances on clinical signs of oestrusnamely oestrus duration, tonicity of uterus, relaxation of cervix and persistence of follicle. The mean values of oestrus duration چکیده کامل

The present study was conducted to see the effect of non-specific genital infections and ovulatory disturbances on clinical signs of oestrusnamely oestrus duration, tonicity of uterus, relaxation of cervix and persistence of follicle. The mean values of oestrus duration, tonicity of uterus and relaxation of cervix varied significantly (P<0.05) amongthe group of impaired ovulation (anovulation and delayed ovulation) and normal ovulation. Following the onset of oestrus, follicle was palpated up to144 hrs in all anovulation animals, 72.00±4.17 hrs in case of delayed ovulation, 36.89±0.62 hrs in case of normal ovulation with infection and 36.71±1.61 hrs in the control group (normal ovulation without infection).The study revealed that oestrus duration and status of reproductive organs are important criteria in the diagnosis of ovulatory disturbances in repeat breeding cattle. پرونده مقاله

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9 - The Comparison of Chemo Signal Compositions in Body Fluids of Holstein Cows from Different Estrus Periods
Ö. Anitaş S. Göncü

Artificial insemination is widely used in livestock breeding to control the calving interval and milk production in dairy cattle and to obtain one offspring per year. The correct timing of artificial insemination can be achieved by correct detection of estrus. Blood, fe چکیده کامل

Artificial insemination is widely used in livestock breeding to control the calving interval and milk production in dairy cattle and to obtain one offspring per year. The correct timing of artificial insemination can be achieved by correct detection of estrus. Blood, feces and urine samples from estrus and diestrus periods have taken from Holstein cows which similar characteristics. Cows have synchronized for this purpose using ovsynch protocol. Fatty acid analyzes of the samples were made by gas chromatography (GC). The rates of all saturated fatty acids (∑SFA), all monounsaturated fatty acids with a single double bond (∑MUFA) and all polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA) were found to be different in estrus and diestrus periods. The largest difference between estrus and diestrus ∑SFA ratios was found in the urine (estrus: 14.22%, diestrus: 23.11%). The high rate of ∑SFA in urine during estrus was due to the ratios of palmitic acid and butyric acid. The highest ∑MUFA rate was detected in the urine during diestrus. The high rate of ∑MUFA in urine was due to the detection of oleic acid at a rate of 13.38% in estrus and 25.53% in diestrus. The largest difference between ∑PUFA rates was detected in feces. Linolenic acid was detected in feces at a rate of 0.58% in estrus and 3.44% in diestrus. The reason for the difference between urinary ∑PUFA rates was the detection of eicosadienoic acid at a rate of 8.66% in estrus and 1.30% in diestrus. These compounds can be used as biomarkers for sensored biotechnological devices due to their chemo signal properties in estrus detection. پرونده مقاله

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10 - Effect of Flushed Feeding and Age on Estrus Synchronization and Conception Rate of Holstein × Local Crossbred Cows After Using Analogue GnRH and Prostaglandin F2α Hormone
M. Sydur Rahman M. Kabirul Islam Khan T. Bilkis

The study was conducted to know the effect of flushed feeding on estrus synchronization and conception rate of Holstein ÍLocal crossbred cow’s after using the GnRH (fertagyl) and PGF2α hormone. As a representative sample 20 Holstein ÍLocal cros چکیده کامل

The study was conducted to know the effect of flushed feeding on estrus synchronization and conception rate of Holstein ÍLocal crossbred cow’s after using the GnRH (fertagyl) and PGF2α hormone. As a representative sample 20 Holstein ÍLocal crossbred cows were chosen from Chittagong Cantonment Military Dairy Farm in Bangladesh and the experimental work was carried out for 60 days. Ten cows were flushed with high energy feed (10.5 mega Joule metabolisable energy/kg feed dry matter) and considered as treated group and 10 cows was allowed for normal feeding. Both the control and treated group cows were injected intramuscularly by the GnRH and PGF2α hormone. After injection of these hormones, 100% cows from both groups showed estrus. Fixed time artificial insemination (AI) was done and the cows were diagnosed in pregnancy after 60 days of AI. It was observed that 20% cows were conceived after AI from control group, but treated group cows showed more conception / pregnancy rate (40%). After using the hormones, age of the cow did not influences for estrus synchronization, but for conception rate it was observed that younger cows showed more than older one. پرونده مقاله

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11 - Determinants of Trans-Cervical Artificial Insemination Success in Synchronized Ewes Using Frozen Semen
N. Naher S. Arif M. Hossain N. Sultana Juyena F. Yeasmin Bari

The study was undertaken to observe the effects of cervical penetration depth, estrus signs intensity and vaginal electrical resistance on conception rate in ewes following trans-cervical artificial insemination with frozen semen. Twenty-four ewes were synchronized usin چکیده کامل

The study was undertaken to observe the effects of cervical penetration depth, estrus signs intensity and vaginal electrical resistance on conception rate in ewes following trans-cervical artificial insemination with frozen semen. Twenty-four ewes were synchronized using 100 µg Prostaglandin F2α intramuscularly, twice at 9 days interval. Estrus behavior of ewes with teaser ram was observed to determine the estrus onset and intensity. Vaginal electrical resistance was recorded immediately before insemination using electrical heat detector. A 200 µg tablet, Misoprostol was administered intra-vaginally in 10 ewes 11 hours before insemination, and cervical penetration depth was measured by centimeter graduated steel rod. Conception rate was confirmed by ultrasonography at 40-42 days of insemination. The cervical penetration depth was significantly increased (P<0.05) in Misoprostol-treated ewes compared to non-treated ones (3.54±0.10 vs. 0.47±0.04 cm, respectively). Similarly, conception rate was also higher following Misoprostol treatment (60.0 vs. 28.6%, respectively) but no significant difference. Significantly higher (P<0.05) conception rate was found in ewes with high estrous signs intensity compared to medium (70.0 vs. 22.2%) and low intensity (70.0 vs. 20.0%), respectively. Conception rate was tended to be higher (58.3 vs. 37.5%) in low vaginal electrical resistance group (230-280 Ω) compared with the high group (281-330 Ω). Higher conception rate in Misoprostol-treated ewes indicates that the grater cervical penetrability during semen deposition ensures the success of TCAI with frozen semen. Estrus signs intensity and low vaginal electrical resistance could be used as a valuable indicator to select ewes for successful trans-cervical artificial insemination (TCAI) through obtaining higher conception rate. پرونده مقاله

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12 - Temporal Changes in Endogenous Estrogens and Expressionof Behaviors Associated with Estrus during the Periovulatory Period in Doublesynch Treated Murrah Buffaloes (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>)
R. Mirmahmoudi B.S. Prakash

The aims of this study were (a) to establish the occurrence, duration and intensity of behavioral estrus symptoms, and (b) to determine the relationship between behavioral estrus symptoms with the total estrogen profiles in cycling Murrah buffaloes (n=10) subjected to D چکیده کامل

The aims of this study were (a) to establish the occurrence, duration and intensity of behavioral estrus symptoms, and (b) to determine the relationship between behavioral estrus symptoms with the total estrogen profiles in cycling Murrah buffaloes (n=10) subjected to Doublesynch protocol (0 PGF2α, 2 GnRH, 9 PGF2α and 11 GnRH). After both GnRH injections, estrus and its behavioral signs were detected at hourly intervals using visual observations, transrectal examination of genitalia, and bull parading twice a day for 30 min each. Frequent urination (100%) and excitement (100%) were the best indicators of estrus followed by swollen vulva (90%) and bellowing (85%). The longest duration of estrus signs viz. swollen vulva, was observed up to 8.9 ± 0.5 h and 11.1 ± 0.3 post first and second GnRH administrations, respectively. The mean intervals between the onset of estrus symptoms appearance and ovulation were 13.8 ± 0.9 h and 13.4 ± 1.0 h post first and second GnRH inactions, respectively. The mean total estrogen concentrations at the time of both GnRH injections were above the basal level (8.4±1.9 pg/mL; range 2.9-18.4 and 7.9±1.9 pg/mL; range 2.9-17.6 at the time of the first and second GnRH injections, respectively), temporarily increased post GnRH treatments and then gradually declined to its basal level during ovulation time window. Frequent urination, excitement and swollen vulva appeared to be the most notable estrus symptoms after GnRH injections. Our findings also suggest that the AI can be done at a fixed time (once 20 to 24 h posts second GnRH) in buffaloes treated with Doublesynch protocol. پرونده مقاله

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13 - Efficacy of CIDR or FGA Sponges with hCG Treatments on the Conception Rate and Prolificacyin Lori Ewes Out of the Breeding Season
M.M. Moeini F. Alipour M.R. Sanjabi

Two experiments were performed to determine the effectiveness of different progestogens contained in intravaginal devices, different doses of eCG and subsequent hCG treatment on the reproductive performance of estrus-induced mature Lori ewes. In the first experiment, 88 چکیده کامل

Two experiments were performed to determine the effectiveness of different progestogens contained in intravaginal devices, different doses of eCG and subsequent hCG treatment on the reproductive performance of estrus-induced mature Lori ewes. In the first experiment, 88 ewes were allocated into two groups, and were treated with either fluorogestone acetate (FGA) sponges or Controlled Internal Drug Release devices (CIDR).The sponges were withdrawn 13 days after insertion and then ewes were treated with either 350 IU or 500 IU of eCG by intramuscular injection. There was no significant difference among treatments in the percentage of ewes in estrus or the interval to the onset of estrus. However, the conception rate and prolificacy of ewes treated with 350 IU eCG, in both the FGA and CIDR groups, was higher than ewes treated with 500 IU of eCG. In the second experiment 384 ewes were randomly divided into three groups and after synchronization with FGA spongesand 350 IU of eCG, 128 ewes in the first group (T1) were injected 250 IU hCG when artificially inseminated, 128 ewes in the second group (T2) were injected 250 IU hCG 12 days after AI and the 128 ewes in the third group (C) acted as the control group. Estrous was determined by monitoring 35 teaser rams to calculate estrous rate. Prolificacy and conception rate were assessed and serum progesterone (P4) concentrations were measured on days 12, 14 and 16 days after AI. Prolificacy was increased in the T1 group compared with control group (P<0.05) and conception rates were higher in hCG treatments (P<0.05). The weight of single lambs on the day ofbirth increased with the hCG injection on days 0 and 12 (P<0.05). The P4 concentration was higher in the hCG-treated groups compared with the control ewes on day 16 (P<0.05). It is concluded that CIDR and FGA sponges were equally effective for estrous induction in anestrous Lori ewes and P4 concentrations increased with 200 IU hCG given at the time of AI or 12 days after AI which could improve reproductive performance. پرونده مقاله

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14 - The Effect of Administering Equine Chorionic Gonadotropins (eCG) on Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows with a CO-Synch + CIDR Protocol and Insemination at a Fixed Time
م.م. منشادی ع. رستگارنیا Sh. اسماعیلی ثانی

The success of a ﬁxed-time artiﬁcial insemination (FTAI) program depends on a high ovulation rate during a short interval. Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) has been used in FTAI protocols to improve follicular growth and thereby to produce larger, more responsive fol چکیده کامل

The success of a ﬁxed-time artiﬁcial insemination (FTAI) program depends on a high ovulation rate during a short interval. Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) has been used in FTAI protocols to improve follicular growth and thereby to produce larger, more responsive follicles for ovulation with increased pregnancy rates. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of eCG on conception rates of early post-partum dairy cows treated by progesterone-based estrous synchronization with artificial insemination at a fixed time (CO-Synch+CIDR protocols). 144 Holstein cows ≥ 55 days postpartum were used. All cows were enrolled in a 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR protocol which included 100 μg gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) at CIDR insertion (day 0); 500 µg prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) at CIDR removal (day 7); and 100 μg GnRH at FTAI, 66 hours after PGF2α (day 10). Cows were randomly assigned as control cows (n=69) or treated cows (n=75) which received 500 IU eCG at the time of CIDR removal. All cows were examined by ovarian ultrasound at FTAI. The addition of eCG to CO-Synch+CIDR protocols improved the frequency of estrous response (control cows 51.4%, eCG-treated cows 87.8%; P<0.01). It reduced the interval between the end of treatment and the start of estrus (control cows 56.8±5.52 hours, eCG-treated cows 45.7±5.87 hours; P<0.01). It increased dominant follicular size at FTAI (control cows 15.1±2.41 mm, eCG-treated cows 19.6±1.84 mm; P<0.001). However, eCG had no effect on pregnancy rates (control cows 49.3%, eCG-treated cows 54.6%; P=0.131). The use of eCG, prior to termination of 7-day estrus synchronization when using the CO-Synch+CIDR program alone, could hasten the time of estrous expression and should be considered in FTAI dairy cows. پرونده مقاله

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15 - Comparison of Different Methods of Oestrus Synchronization on Reproductive Performance of Farahani Sheep in Iran
آ. میرشمس الهی

This experiment was carried out on 123 Farahani ewes from a herd in Delijan city in Markazi province of Iran to determine the best short-term method for oestrus synchronization. Ewes were divided into five experimental groups randomly: group 1) use of controlled interva چکیده کامل

This experiment was carried out on 123 Farahani ewes from a herd in Delijan city in Markazi province of Iran to determine the best short-term method for oestrus synchronization. Ewes were divided into five experimental groups randomly: group 1) use of controlled intervaginal drug release devices (CIDR) for 7 days with intramuscular (IM) injection of PGF2α on zero day and IM injection of 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) at the time of CIDR removal; group 2) use of CIDR for 7 days and IM injection of PGF2α on the 6th day and IM injection of 500 IU eCG at the time of CIDR removal; group 3) use of intravaginal sponge for 7 days with IM injection of PGF2α on zero day and IM injection of 500 IU eCG at the time of sponge removal; group 4) use of intravaginal sponge for 7 days with IM injection of PGF2α on the 6th day and IM injection of 500 IU eCG at the time of sponge removal and group 5) control, without any treatment. Results showed that parturition percentage on expected date was almost doubled in all treatment groups when compared to control group. Each treatment used for oestrus synchronization increased the percentage of twinning on expected date in comparison with control group. Obtained results indicated that the most ewes lambed on expected date after 7 day treatment with both the intra-vaginal sponge and CIDR, and had a favorable impact on fertility of ewes. پرونده مقاله

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16 - Effect of Different Progesterone Protocol and Low Doses of Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) on Oestrus Synchronization in Arabian Ewes
ف. ‌خلیلاوی م. ممویی ص. طباطبایی م. چاجی

This experiment was conducted to determine the reproductive performance of Arabian ewes treated with short and long-term progesterone devices in addition to low doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) during the anoestrus season. A total of 36 ewes were divided int چکیده کامل

This experiment was conducted to determine the reproductive performance of Arabian ewes treated with short and long-term progesterone devices in addition to low doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) during the anoestrus season. A total of 36 ewes were divided into three groups: in group I vaginal sponges (60 mg medroxy progesterone acetate; (MAP)) were applied and removed after 6 days; in group II, vaginal MAP sponges were removed 12 days following insertion, while group III served as control group. The first two groups were intramuscularly injected with of 300 IU eCG, following sponge removal. Parameters such as oestrus response rate, time to onset of oestrus, duration of oestrus, pregnancy, lambing and fecundity rates were evaluated. Blood samples were collected one day before sponge insertion and two days after sponge insertion and on day of oestrus. There were significant differences between the group I and II with control group regarding the plasma estradiol and progesterone levels. There were no significant differences in oestrus response, time to onset of oestrus, pregnancy, lambing and fecundity rates between groups I and II (P>0.05). However, differences were significant when these two treatment groups were compared with the control group. In group I, duration of oestrus was significantly higher than group II (P<0.05). In addition, other factors in group I was numerically greater than group II (P>0.05). It was concluded that short-term sponge treatment (6 days) had better performance when compared with the long-term sponge treatment (12 days) in Arabian ewes. پرونده مقاله

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17 - The Effects of short and long-term progesterone treatment combined with PMSG on the fertility rate of Ghezel breed ewes during the breeding season
Ghader Najafi

10.30495/jbcvm.2021.686344

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of short-term and long-term progesterone treatments on the fertility rate of Ghezel breed ewes during breeding season. Forty ewes were distributed in a randomized block experimental design, where the treatments con چکیده کامل

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of short-term and long-term progesterone treatments on the fertility rate of Ghezel breed ewes during breeding season. Forty ewes were distributed in a randomized block experimental design, where the treatments consisted of two protocols for estrus synchronization (short, 7 days and long, 12 days) with twenty animals each. The progesterone treatment consisted of a vaginal sponge containing 30 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) inserted into the vagina of the ewes for 7 or 12 days. Afterwards, on the 5th and 10th days of the protocols, 0.5 ml Clo Pg® and 400 IU of PMSG was intramuscularly administered to all the ewes. Percentage of estrous, pregnancy and lambing rates were 80%, 75% and 56.25% in the short term treated group and 95%, 84.21% and 73.68% in the long term treated group respectively. The litter size did not differ between the short term and the long term treated groups (1.44 vs. 1.50). There were no significant differences in fertility responses between protocols (P>0.05).The short-term progesterone treatment was effective to synchronize estrus in Ghezel breed ewes during breeding season. However, comparing the protocols, the long-term protocol presented better results of positive estrus percentage, pregnancy rate and lambing rate in Ghezel breed ewes پرونده مقاله

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18 - تاثیر ملاتونین بر پارامترهای تولیدمثلی میشهای نژاد شال در خارج از فصل تولیدمثل
اکبر دودانگه جعفر یدی علی قاضی خانی شاد

به منظور بررسی تاثیر ملاتونین برپارامترهای تولیدمثلی میشهای نژادشال در خارج از فصل تولیدمثل، تعداد 60راس میش با شکم زایش1-3در4گروه در قالبطرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی مورد مطالعه قرارگرفتند که هرگروه شامل15راس میش بود. گروه کنترل هیچگونه هورمونی دریافت نکرد. درگروه ملاتونین، چکیده کامل

به منظور بررسی تاثیر ملاتونین برپارامترهای تولیدمثلی میشهای نژادشال در خارج از فصل تولیدمثل، تعداد 60راس میش با شکم زایش1-3در4گروه در قالبطرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی مورد مطالعه قرارگرفتند که هرگروه شامل15راس میش بود. گروه کنترل هیچگونه هورمونی دریافت نکرد. درگروه ملاتونین،Regulinحاوی 18میلی گرم ملاتونین به مدت 35روز در قاعده گوش میشها کاشتهشد. درگروه سیدر 8روز پس از سیدرگذاری، درهنگام خروج سیدر500Iuتزریق PMSGانجام شد. گروه ملاتونین همراه سیدر 35روزپس از کاشت Regulinبه مدت 8روز سیدر گذاری شدو پس از خروج PMSG 500 iuتزریق شد. به هر 4گروه پس از مرحله هم زمانی فحلی 4راس قوچ بارور به مدت5روز اضافه گردید. همچنین 15روز بعد دوباره قوچها اضافه شدند تا درصورتی که در نوبت اول میشی آبستن نشده باشد احتمال آبستنی آن بالا رود. پس از رکورردگیری، دادهها توسط نرم افزار ،SASآنالیز شدند. مقایسه میانگینگروههای آزمایش بااستفاده ازآزمون چند دامنهای دانکن در سطح %5انجام گرفت. تعدادبرههای تولدیافته در گروه ملاتونین بالاتربود و تفاوت معنیدار باسایرگروهها داشت( .)P>0/05هیچ گونه تفاوت معنیداری در میانگین وزن بره های 4گروه وجود نداشت( .)P<0/05تعداد سرویس(جفتگیری)به ازایهرآبستنی و درصد آبستنی در گروه ملاتونین عملکرد بهتری نسبت به سایرگروهها دارد و تفاوت معنیداری از نظر آماری مشاهده شد( .)P>0/05در بررسیپارامترهای نرخ برهزایی و درصد آبستنی نیزبین گروهها تفاوت معنیدار مشاهده شد.استفاده از هورمون ملاتونین بر پارامترهای تولیدمثلی میشها در شرایط خارج فصل تولیدمثلی موثر میباشد. لذا باتوجه به کاربرد آسانتر ملاتونین کاشتنینسبت به سایر روشهای همزمانسازی فحلی و عدم آلودگی و عفونت واژن و کاهش هزینههای مدیریتی بهتراست جهت بهبود عملکرد تولید مثلی میشهااز ملاتونین کاشتنی استفاده نمود پرونده مقاله

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19 - ایجاد استروس با استفاده از ترکیب کابرگولین و HCG در سگ های آنستروس نژاد تریر
عبدالرضا رستگارنیا مسعود فاتح فر ارسلان امیرفلاح نوید مرادی

در این تحقیق، اثر تجویز خوراکی گابرگولین به عنوان یک داروی مهارکننده پرولاکتین در ایجاد استروس بارور در سگ های ماده مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای این منظور تعداد 14قلاده سگ نژاد تریر با آگاهی قبلی از آنستروس بودن آنها انتخاب گردید. چهارقلاده به عنوان دامهای گروه کنترل و 1 چکیده کامل

در این تحقیق، اثر تجویز خوراکی گابرگولین به عنوان یک داروی مهارکننده پرولاکتین در ایجاد استروس بارور در سگ های ماده مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای این منظور تعداد 14قلاده سگ نژاد تریر با آگاهی قبلی از آنستروس بودن آنها انتخاب گردید. چهارقلاده به عنوان دامهای گروه کنترل و 10 قلاده ما بقی به عنوان دامهای گروه درمانی در نظر گرفته شدند. به تمامی سگ های گروه درمان محلول قرص خوراکی گابرگولین با دوز معمول 5µg/kgبه صورت روزانه تا حدود 2روز پس از شروع پرواستروس و یا برای یک دوره حداکثر 42روزه تجویز گردید. دامهائی که متعاقب درمان،علائم پرواستروس ( )8/10را نشان دادند به دو زیرگروه تقسیم شدند. به چهارقلاده از سگ های مورد نظر 500واحد بین المللی از هورمون HCGبه طریق عضلانی در روز اول و سوم از زمان شروع استروس تزریق گردید. چهار قلاده سگ های فحل باقیمانده نیز درمانی دریافت ننمودند. نمونه خون از تمامی سگ های مورد نظر در روز شروع آزمایش و نیز همزمان با شروع علائم رفتاری استروس هر یکروز درمیان جهت اندازه گیری میزان پروژسترون اخذ گردید. میزان بروز استروس و نیز فاصله زمانی درمان تا شروع پرواستروس در سگ های تحت درمان مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. وقوع پرواستروس در فاصله بین 21 الی 41روز (میانگین 29/5±6/5روز) از شروع تحویز دارو و دربین 80درصد از سگ های تحت درمان گزارش گردید (% .)P<5میانگین طول مدت زمانی پرواستروس در بین دامهای تحت درمان 8/1 ± 6/7روز گزارش گردید. میانگین طول مدت زمانی استروس در دامهای زیز گروه )+( HCGو نیز )-( HCGبه ترتیب 14/5±2/5روز ( 6الی روز )11و 10/7±1/8روز ( 8الی )12روز گزارش گردید (% .)P<5میزان آبستنی برای هر دوگروه از سگ های تحت درمان 50درصد بود.میزان توله زائی نیز پس از ثبت سوا بق زایش برای دامهای آبستن دامهای زیز گروه )+( HCGو نیز )-( HCGبه ترتیب 3/5± 0/7و 4± 1/4گزارش گردید (% .)P<5در هیچ کدام از دامهای گروه کنترل علائم رفتاری استروس در طول مدت زمان درمان و یا آبستنی مشاهده نگردید. به طور کلی نتایج حاصل تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که استروس نرمال و باروری در مراحل مختلف دوره ی آنستروس سگ های ماده با استفاده از ترکیب تجاری و قابل دسترس کابرگولین که برای مصارف پزشکی زنان به کار برده می شود بدست می آید و تزریق هورمون HCGدر روزهای اول و سوم مرحله ی استروس هیچ گونه تاثیر قابل توجهی بر روی میزان آبستنی دام های تحت درمان ندارد پرونده مقاله

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