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دسترسی آزاد مقاله
1 - Synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles Catalyzed by Eggshell-supported-Cu(I) Metformin Complex as a Heterogeneous Catalyst in Water
Mohammad Bakherad Raheleh Doosti Zeynab QasemifarAn efficient and eco-friendly method has been developed for the synthesis of 1,4 disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles using the eggshell-supported-Cu(I) metformin complex as a natural and heterogeneous catalyst. The catalyst prepared is characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM چکیده کاملAn efficient and eco-friendly method has been developed for the synthesis of 1,4 disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles using the eggshell-supported-Cu(I) metformin complex as a natural and heterogeneous catalyst. The catalyst prepared is characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, and ICP techniques. Terminal alkynes were successfully reacted with alkyl chloride and sodium azide in the presence of CuI immobilized on eggshell in water at room temperature. This method offers many advantages such as short reaction times, low cost, use of a reusable catalyst, and simple purification procedures.Moreover, the catalyst could be recovered and recycled four times. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
2 - تعیین عوامل باکتریایی موجود در پوسته و زرده تخم‌مرغ‌های با پوسته آلوده و تمیز عرضه‌شده در تبریز
منصور خاکپور مجتبی بزرگنیابیماریهای مشترک باکتریایی جزو مهم‌ترین بیماری‌های عفونی انسان محسوب می‌شوند. در این بین بیماری‌های قابل‌انتقال از غذا دارای اهمیت ویژه‌ای هستند. از بین مواد غذایی با منشأ دامی، تخم‌مرغ به‌دلیل نوع استفاده در محصولات غذایی مانند سس‌ها، چاشنی‌های غذایی، بستنی و انواع غذا چکیده کاملبیماریهای مشترک باکتریایی جزو مهم‌ترین بیماری‌های عفونی انسان محسوب می‌شوند. در این بین بیماری‌های قابل‌انتقال از غذا دارای اهمیت ویژه‌ای هستند. از بین مواد غذایی با منشأ دامی، تخم‌مرغ به‌دلیل نوع استفاده در محصولات غذایی مانند سس‌ها، چاشنی‌های غذایی، بستنی و انواع غذاها که ممکن است به‌صورت خام یا نیم‌پز مورد استفاده قرار گیرد همواره می‌تواند به‌صورت بالقوه منشأ آلودگی و انتقال بیماری‌ها به انسان باشد. در این پژوهش با مراجعه به مرغداری‌های اطراف تبریز با نمونه‌برداری از تولیدات روزانه، تعداد 120 عدد تخم‌مرغ انتخاب و در شرایط کاملاً استریل به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. بعد از انجام مراحل کشت (استفاده از محیط‌های کشت برین هارت براث، برین هارت آگار، بلاد آگار، آبگوشت تتراتیوات، آبگوشت سلنیتF، آبگوشت تیو گلیکولات، XLD آگار، سالمونلا شیگلا آگار و...) رنگ‌آمیزی گرم، تست‌های اکسیداز و کاتالاز، باکتری‌های موجود بر روی پوسته و داخل زرده جداسازی و مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت. از بین 120 نمونۀ مورد بررسی، در 19 مورد(٪83/15) آلودگی زرده به اثبات رسید. از این تعداد %68/73 را گرم منفی‌ها و %31/26 را گرم مثبت‌ها شامل می‌شدند. بیشترین سهم گرم منفی‌های زرده به سودوموناس با فراوانی %3/8 وگرم مثبت‌ها باسیلوس با فراوانی %16/4 تعلق داشت. همچنین از نمونه‌های اخذشده از پوسته 119 مورد از 120 نمونۀ پوسته دارای آلودگی‌های باکتریایی بودند که %16/99 کل نمونه‌ها را تشکیل می‌داد. از این میان %55/ 23 نمونه‌ها گرم منفی و % 44/76 گرم مثبت بودند. بیشترین سهم گرم منفی‌های پوسته مربوط به جنس سودوموناس با فراوانی %33/18 در کل پوسته‌ها بود، اشریشیا با %83/10، پروتئوس با %83/5 و سیتروباکتر با %16/4 در رتبه‌های بعدی قرار داشتند. از میان گرم مثبت‌های جداشده از پوسته بیشترین سهم متعلق به باسیلوس با فراوانی %80 بود و استافیلوکوک با %16/34، استرپتوکوک با %15، رودوکوک با %16/9 و میکروکوک با %5/7 در رتبه‌های بعدی قرار داشتند. براساس نتایج حاصله از این تحقیق می توان گفت که استفاده و مصرف تخم‌مرغ‌های با پوسته کثیف در محصولات غذایی یک ریسک جدی برای سلامت انسان محسوب می‌شود و می‌تواند منجر به ایجاد بیماری‌های غذازاد باکتریایی شود. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
3 - From egg shell wastes (ESWs) into advanced materials: A rapid and simple synthesis of CaO/Ca2Fe2O5 as a novel nanocomposite-derived ESW biomaterial
Asadollah HassankhaniAbstractESW as a natural byproduct, although non-hazardous and contains calcium, magnesium carbonate and protein, is commonly disposed in landfills without any pretreatment because it was traditionally useless. In this regards, we wish to report the synthesis of a novel چکیده کاملAbstractESW as a natural byproduct, although non-hazardous and contains calcium, magnesium carbonate and protein, is commonly disposed in landfills without any pretreatment because it was traditionally useless. In this regards, we wish to report the synthesis of a novel CaO/Ca2Fe2O5 nanocomposite based on ESW. At the first, eggshell (ES) nanopowder was prepared by ball-milling. Then, the CaO/Ca2Fe2O5 nanocomposite as a novel and heterogeneous nanomaterial was synthesized by simply adding an aqueous solution of FeSO4 on the ES nanopowder. After coating the FeSO4 on the surface of the ES powder, the precipitate was collected and calcinated. The synthesized nanocomposite was fully characterized by FTIR, FESEM, TEM, TGA, EDX and XRD analysis. The result was shown that the porous structure of the ESW as a cheap and biomaterial source of Ca was provided good contact area for growing the Fe nanoparticles. The suggested strategy for the synthesis of CaO/Ca2Fe2O5 nanocomposite is very interesting due to use of green and low cost starting materials and its simple and clean preparation procedure. The present procedure was successfully provided a useful application of ESW from the environment to synthesis the novel nanomaterials. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
4 - An efficient and simple method for synthesis of aldazines using Eggshell waste as environmentally friendly catalyst
Bushra Samer Ahmed H Alost Alosta Najeep Maglas Abdurazuaq AlshamiA convenient, direct and green method for synthesis of azines from aldehyde and hydrazine hydrate, our approach catalyzed by powder eggshell. The reaction was progress under visible light conditions and dissolved in mixture of water and ethanol. The method offers severa چکیده کاملA convenient, direct and green method for synthesis of azines from aldehyde and hydrazine hydrate, our approach catalyzed by powder eggshell. The reaction was progress under visible light conditions and dissolved in mixture of water and ethanol. The method offers several advantages including high yield of products during short time period and using nontoxic, non-expensive and stable catalyst. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
5 - Eggshell-supported-Cu(II) salophen complex: An efficient and green catalyst for synthesis of propargylamines under solvent-free conditions
Mohammad Bakherad Ali Keivanloo Amir Hossein Amin Raheleh Doosti Ommolbanin HoseiniIn this report, the synthesis, characterization, and application of the eggshell-supported-Cu(II) salophen complex, as a novel and heterogeneous catalyst, is described. The catalyst is characterized by the UV, XRD, FT-IR, and SEM techniques. The eggshell-supported-Cu(II چکیده کاملIn this report, the synthesis, characterization, and application of the eggshell-supported-Cu(II) salophen complex, as a novel and heterogeneous catalyst, is described. The catalyst is characterized by the UV, XRD, FT-IR, and SEM techniques. The eggshell-supported-Cu(II) salophen complex is a versatile, green, inexpensive, and simple catalyst used for the multi-component reactions (MCRs) of terminal alkynes, aldehydes, and secondary amines to give the corresponding propargylamines at 80 °C under the solvent-free conditions. The proposed methodology offers several advantages such as excellent product yield, simple procedure, and mild conditions. On the other hand, the synthesized catalyst could be removed from the reaction mixture by simple filtration, and reused for up to six runs. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
6 - Eggshell: A green and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline
Leila Youseftabar-Miri Fatemeh Akbari Farshid GhraghsaharEggshell was found to be a versatile heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline derivatives in good yields. This protocol has the advantages of environmental friendliness, short reaction time, low cost and convenient operation.Eggshell was found to be a versatile heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline derivatives in good yields. This protocol has the advantages of environmental friendliness, short reaction time, low cost and convenient operation. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
7 - Effect of Replacing Bone Ash with Eggshell Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens
S.E. AluOne hundred and eighty 28-days-old Arbor Acres broiler birds were utilized in a 28 day experiment to investigate the effect of replacing bone ash with eggshell meal in the diet of broiler birds on their nutrient digestibility and blood parameters. Five experimental diet چکیده کاملOne hundred and eighty 28-days-old Arbor Acres broiler birds were utilized in a 28 day experiment to investigate the effect of replacing bone ash with eggshell meal in the diet of broiler birds on their nutrient digestibility and blood parameters. Five experimental diets tagged T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were formulated to be isocaloric (2865.53 kcal ME/kg) and isonitrogenous (20% crude protein) such that eggshell meal replaced bone ash at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% for treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. The birds were randomly assigned to the five dietary treatments and replicated twice giving a total of eighteen birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. The study showed that the haematological parameters were not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments except for Corpuscular Haemoglobin which were best (P<0.05) at T5 (47.95 pg) and T3 (45.60 pg) and followed by those fed T1 (42.85 pg), T2 (42.20 pg) and T4 (43.40 pg). Similarly, values obtained for Mean Corpuscular Volume were improved (P<0.05) in birds fed T5 (148.45 fl) followed by those fed T3 (142.95 fl) and T4 (140.45 fl). Serum urea, glucose, triglyceride and total protein were not (P>0.05) influenced by the treatments. Ten 28-days old birds with similar live body weight were paired and randomly assigned to five dietary treatments tagged T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 which were compounded to contain the same composition as those used in the blood studies. The birds were housed in cages and fed such that each group passed through the five treatments by rotation in a Latin Square Design arrangement. Feed and faecal samples were taken for proximate analysis. The results of the proximate analysis of the oven-dried faeces were used to compute the coefficient of digestibility of the nutrients. The results obtained showed that digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, ash and nitrogen-free extract were not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments. It is therefore, recommended that since there was no deleterious and adverse effect of including eggshell meal in the diets on the blood parameters and digestibility of the nutrients, farmers can use eggshell meal as a major source of dietary calcium in broiler’ diets. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
8 - The Effects of Dietary Calcium Sources and Vitamin D3 on Egg Quality and Performance in Laying Hens
A. Safamehr S. Hedatyati M.H. ShahirThis experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of different sources of calcium at different rates and cholecalciferol(Vitamin D3) on the performance and egg quality of Hy-line W-36 Laying hens. In this study a total of 648 hens were managed in a completely randomi چکیده کاملThis experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of different sources of calcium at different rates and cholecalciferol(Vitamin D3) on the performance and egg quality of Hy-line W-36 Laying hens. In this study a total of 648 hens were managed in a completely randomized design using a factorial arrangement of 3 × 3 × 2 treatments, with three calcium sources (oyster shell, OS; ground limestone, GLI; fine limestone, FLI) and three different rates (70:30, 30:70, 50:50) and two levels of vitamin D3 (3300 and 5000 IU/kg diet). At 33-wk of age, hens received 18 treatments (3 replicates per treatment) until 45 wk. The results showed that egg weight (g), egg production (%), egg mass (g), feed intake (g), feed conversion ratio and egg quality traits which involve egg gravity, yolk index, shell weight (g), and Haugh unit were not effected by calcium sources and different levels of vitamin D3. The high level of vitamin D3, resulted in an increase of eggshell thickness, ash and calcium percentage of eggshell (P<0.05). Moreover, replacement of 50-70% FLI or GLI with OS improved eggshell quality (P<0.05). There was a significant (P<0.05) interaction between Ca sources and vitamin D3 level on eggshell quality. Hens fed with diets containing OS/GLI at 70:30 and vitamin D3 at 5000 IU/kg showed the highest values for eggshell thickness, calcium and ash (P<0.05). These results clearly indicated that supplying calcium sources, with at least 1 / 2 OS (large particle) with or without high level of D3, can significantly improve eggshell quality without adverse effects on the laying performance in first cycle of the laying period. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
9 - The Impact of Bentonite Feed Additives on Laying Hens Performance and Egg Quality: A Meta Analysis
A. Darmawan E. OzturkThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of bentonite as a feed additive on the performance and egg quality of laying hens through a meta-analysis approach. The keywords “bentonite”, “clay”, “montmorillonite” and “laying hens&rdq چکیده کاملThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of bentonite as a feed additive on the performance and egg quality of laying hens through a meta-analysis approach. The keywords “bentonite”, “clay”, “montmorillonite” and “laying hens” were used to search scientific articles in Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. A total of 14 articles were included in the database and were analyzed for a meta-analysis using a mixed model method. Different studies were considered as random effects, while bentonite levels were considered as fixed effects. The statistical models used were P-value, root means square error and Akaike information criterion. Results showed that bentonite level quadratically (P<0.05) increased egg production and decreased feed intake. The optimum supplementation of bentonite levels for egg production and feed intake were 2.19% and 1.63%, respectively. Egg weight, eggshell strength, and percentage of eggshell weight represented a linear increase (P<0.05) with increasing bentonite levels. Yolk's color score showed a linear decrease (P<0.05). Meanwhile, feed conversion ratio, egg mass, egg crack, eggshell thickness, and Haugh unit were not affected by dietary bentonite. It can be concluded that dietary supplementation of bentonite at the appropriate level has a positive impact on egg production, feed intake, egg weight, eggshell strength, and percentage of eggshell weight, but has no significant effect on feed conversion ratio, egg mass, egg crack, eggshell thickness, and Haugh unit. Increasing the level of bentonite can reduce yolk color. The optimum dietary bentonite level for egg production is 2.19% which is close to the EFSA recommendation. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
10 - اثرات توازن الکترولیت های جیره بر عملکرد و کیفیت پوسته ی تخم مرغ مرغ های تخم گذار در شرایط تنش گرمایی و حرارتی خنثی در مرحله ی اول تخم گذاری
علی نوبخت محمود شیوازاد محمد چمنی علیرضا صفامهراین آزمایش جهت ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف توازن الکترولیت های جیره (سدیم+ پتاسیم ـ کلر) بر عملکرد و کیفیت پوسته تخم مرغ مرغ های تخم گذار در شرایط تنش گرمایی و حرارتی خنثی در مرحله اول تخم گذاری در دو سالن جداگانه و در هر سالن با تعداد 256 قطعه مرغ تخم گذار سویه های- لاینW چکیده کاملاین آزمایش جهت ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف توازن الکترولیت های جیره (سدیم+ پتاسیم ـ کلر) بر عملکرد و کیفیت پوسته تخم مرغ مرغ های تخم گذار در شرایط تنش گرمایی و حرارتی خنثی در مرحله اول تخم گذاری در دو سالن جداگانه و در هر سالن با تعداد 256 قطعه مرغ تخم گذار سویه های- لاینW- 36 ازسن 24 تا 34 هفتگی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تیمار و چهار تکرار انجام گرفت. جیره های مورد استفاده دارای سطوح الکترولیتی 0، 120، 240 و 360 میلی اکی والان در کیلوگرم بودند که با استفاده از مقادیر مختلف نمک طعام، بی کربنات سدیم، بی کربنات پتاسیم و کلرید آمونیوم فرموله گردیدند. عملکرد مرغ ها در شرایط تنش گرمایی و حرارتی خنثی تحت تأثیر سطوح توازن الکترولیتی جیره های غذایی قرار نگرفت. در رابطه با کیفیت پوسته تخم مرغ در شرایط تنش گرمایی، وزن پوسته و وزن واحد سطح آن و در شرایط حرارتی خنثی، وزن مخصوص، وزن پوسته، ضخامت پوسته، درصد خاکستر پوسته و وزن واحد سطح به طور معنی داری تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف توازن الکترولیتی جیره های غذایی قرار گرفتند (05/0>P). با افزایش سطوح الکترولیتی جیره ها از 120 تا 360 میلی اکی والان در کیلوگرم، صفات مربوط به کیفیت پوسته در اغلب موارد بهبود یافتند. بنابراین افزایش توازن الکترولیتی جیره ها به 360 میلی اکی والان در کیلوگرم در شرایط تنش گرمایی و حرارتی خنثی در مرحله اول تخم گذاری می تواند باعث بهبود کیفیت پوسته تخم مرغ گردد. پرونده مقاله
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