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1 - Evaluation of slope disaster susceptibility based on GIS and three-level fuzzy evaluation method
Ming Yangشماره 4 , دوره 15 , پاییز 2023In the past, the fuzzy evaluation model of slope stability is mainly two-level model, and the classification level is relatively single, which cannot map the influencing factors of slope disaster comprehensively and objectively. In order to improve the accuracy of evalu چکیده کاملIn the past, the fuzzy evaluation model of slope stability is mainly two-level model, and the classification level is relatively single, which cannot map the influencing factors of slope disaster comprehensively and objectively. In order to improve the accuracy of evaluation results, a three-level fuzzy hierarchy evaluation model for slope hazard is proposed. A total of 22 factors affecting slope stability in 4 categories and 9 sub-categories were selected to constitute the basic evaluation system. Taking the highway slope of the multi-line connecting line as an example, the weight was determined by AHP method, and the weight was adjusted by the back analysis of the typical highway slope. Finally, the stability of other highway slopes in the study area is evaluated on the spot, and use the information concentration formula to check, then the susceptibility level prediction of slope disasters in the whole section is realized based on GIS platform. The analysis results show that among the 77 highway slopes studied, unstable slopes account for 7.8% of the total slopes, less stable slopes account for 22.1%, quasi steady slopes account for 42.8% and steady slopes account for 27.3%. Therefore, the disaster prone zoning of highway slopes along the connecting line of Chengdu Mianyang double track line is obtained. In fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, information set formula can be used to modify the evaluation results to a more extent. In this study,compared with the second-level model, the accuracy of the three-level model improved by about 16.7%. پرونده مقاله -
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2 - Study of development cycle of down ramp in underground metal mine
Nirlipta Nayak Harinandan Kumar Suhel Ahmedشماره 4 , دوره 15 , پاییز 2023Mine development is the process of constructing a mining facility and supporting infrastructure. In the mining industry, operations are sequential. It means one function cannot start until its preceding operation has been completed. Hence, a delay in any operations resu چکیده کاملMine development is the process of constructing a mining facility and supporting infrastructure. In the mining industry, operations are sequential. It means one function cannot start until its preceding operation has been completed. Hence, a delay in any operations results in an overall delay for the total target. Effective underground mine planning aims at least idle & breakdown time. One such delay examined here is the cycle time for the developments in headings and drives. In this study, Blast-to-blast cycle time was evaluated in terms of productive and unproductive work in Indian underground metal mines. The actual Average Cycle Time for blast-to-blast operations was observed at 37.12 hrs, higher than the expected Cycle Time, i.e., 12.16 hrs. The variation in cycle time leads to the delay. Therefore, a study was carried out to determine the actual cause of delay through real-time analysis of all the operations during the development. The delays were breakdown, manpower idle time, shift problem, poor ventilation, water pressure problem, etc. reduced work time utilization, dewatering, and pump breakdown were observed as significant factors for cycle time delays. Effective measures were suggested to optimize the cycle time by controlling the factors responsible for the delay and improving the development cycle. پرونده مقاله -
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3 - Earthquake ground-motion prediction in the Khalkhal region, NW Iran
Akram Alizadeh Fatemeh Salehiشماره 4 , دوره 15 , پاییز 2023Understanding seismic sources in a region help us to identify the level of ground motion. The area around Khalkhal city in the south of Ardabil province, northwest Iran, is a seismic region that is specially, complex from a geodynamic and tectonic point of view. Prevail چکیده کاملUnderstanding seismic sources in a region help us to identify the level of ground motion. The area around Khalkhal city in the south of Ardabil province, northwest Iran, is a seismic region that is specially, complex from a geodynamic and tectonic point of view. Prevailing tectonic regimes in different geologic time intervals have caused at least two deformation episodes recorded by faults, folds and other tectonic structures. These structures indicate that the dominant tectonic regimes have been compressive. Examination of the seismic power of currently active faults and software analysis of their focal mechanisms, show that major activity in the region is due to faults with trend north-south and northeast-southwest. The results of this study indicate the seismic capacity of the region and the likely occurrence of earthquakes with a magnitude greater than two on the Richter scale. Also, they show that the probability of earthquakes with magnitudes above 5.3 on the Richter scale is one in one hundred years. High a- and b-values indicate the frequency of earthquakes with low magnitude and the generally high seismicity in the region. پرونده مقاله -
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4 - Geochemistry and tectonomagmatic environment of Eocene volcanic rocks in the Southeastern region of Abhar, NW Iran
Masoud Nazari Mohammad Ali Arian Ali Solgi Reza Zareisahamieh Abdollah Yazdiشماره 4 , دوره 15 , پاییز 2023Eocene volcanic are exposed in southeast of Zanjan in the Tarom magmatic zone that located in the Central Iran structural zone. The Abhar Eosen pyroclastic with andesite, trachy-andesite, dacite and rhyolite along with tuff compositions is located 120 km southeast of Za چکیده کاملEocene volcanic are exposed in southeast of Zanjan in the Tarom magmatic zone that located in the Central Iran structural zone. The Abhar Eosen pyroclastic with andesite, trachy-andesite, dacite and rhyolite along with tuff compositions is located 120 km southeast of Zanjan. Mineralogically point of view, the studied volcanic rocks have low quartz, negligible alkaline feldspar, abundant plagioclase, and pyroxene contents. Textureally, Porphyritic, microlithic porphyritic, glomeroporphyritic, and poikilitic are predominant in these rocks. All of the studied samples display REE patterns characterized by LREE-enriched (Rb and Ba) and HREE-depleted segments typical of arc lavas which is one of the characteristics of subduction zone. The geochemical characteristics of the studied samples indicated that fractional crystallization is the primary cause of the diversity and differentiation of these rocks compared to crustal contamination. The rocks of the study area are composed of a similar origin to the OIB (mantle components) and partial melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantles. Of course, this mantle source has been modified by recycled sediments and melt released from the edge of the subducting oceanic crust. پرونده مقاله -
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5 - The petrology and geochemistry of Sorkheh-Dizaj intrusive rocks in northern Zanjan and its effects on recovery of LREE from tailingby digestion-water leaching processes, Iran
Ahmad Adib Esmaeil Rahimiشماره 4 , دوره 15 , پاییز 2023Magnetite-apatite mineralization in Tarom Mountains at the western part of Alborz-Azerbaijan belt originated from quartz monzonite magma and belongs to high K calc-alkaline, showing a post-collision tectonic environment. The negative trend from LREEs to HREEs is consist چکیده کاملMagnetite-apatite mineralization in Tarom Mountains at the western part of Alborz-Azerbaijan belt originated from quartz monzonite magma and belongs to high K calc-alkaline, showing a post-collision tectonic environment. The negative trend from LREEs to HREEs is consistent with the spider pattern of the subduction areas. In this article, the recovery of the rare-earth elements (REEs) from apatite flotation concentrate by acid leaching and digestion-water leaching were studied. The total amount of LREEs in the tailings sample is between 1500 - 2600 ppm. The most frequent elements are Ce, La, Nd, and Y. Among them Ce is the most abundant and La is the least.. The maximum LREEs recovery with the sulfuric acid leaching was62% with experimental parameters of 12 M acid concentration, 4 h leaching time, 25℃ heat, and a liquid to solid ratio (L/S) of 1:5. under optimal parameters of (220℃), (3 h), and L/S (1:2), the digesting with sulfuric acid resulted to the recovery of La, Ce, Nd, and Y with 93.92%, 92.22%, 92.04%, and 91.00%, respectively. similarity, the best conditions at water leaching process, are the leaching time of 5 h, at 80℃, and L/S of 1:10 for La, Ce, Nd, and Y recovery are respectively 89.50%, 88.45%, 92.20%, and 94.0%. پرونده مقاله -
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6 - First report of the SardinellaSardinites (Heckel, 1850) in the Kond formation in the Saran area, Central Alborz in Iran
Saeedeh Senemari Leila Fazli Alireza Cheginiشماره 4 , دوره 15 , پاییز 2023Investigating the fossil-bearing horizons of the Kond Formation in the Saran area resulted in the identification of Sardinellasardinites (Heckel 1850) belonging to the family of Clupeidae Bonaparte (1831) for the first time the east of Tehran province. Furthermore, bios چکیده کاملInvestigating the fossil-bearing horizons of the Kond Formation in the Saran area resulted in the identification of Sardinellasardinites (Heckel 1850) belonging to the family of Clupeidae Bonaparte (1831) for the first time the east of Tehran province. Furthermore, biostratigraphic analyses based on the presence of benthic and planktonic foraminifera in this area demonstrate that the sedimentary sequence including strata of conglomerate, tuff, shale, gypsum, limestone, and marl with a thickness of 376 m in the Saran area belongs to the Priabonian, which is discontinuously located on Middle Eocene green tuffaceousshales. In the present study, 18 species belonging to 9 genera from the benthic foraminifera were identified. In the late Middle Eocene, the performance of the orogenic Pyrenean phase led to the rising of the sedimentary strata and subsequent retreat of the sea and then the sea re-advanced during the Priabonian stage. The presence of a conglomerate at the base of the formation reveals the next activity of the tectonic phase. In this study, the rock unit of the Lower Red Formation belonging to the Oligo-Miocene is located on the deposits of the Kond Formation. پرونده مقاله
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دسترسی آزاد مقاله
1 - Evaluation of slope disaster susceptibility based on GIS and three-level fuzzy evaluation method
Ming Yangشماره 4 , دوره 15 , پاییز 2023In the past, the fuzzy evaluation model of slope stability is mainly two-level model, and the classification level is relatively single, which cannot map the influencing factors of slope disaster comprehensively and objectively. In order to improve the accuracy of evalu چکیده کاملIn the past, the fuzzy evaluation model of slope stability is mainly two-level model, and the classification level is relatively single, which cannot map the influencing factors of slope disaster comprehensively and objectively. In order to improve the accuracy of evaluation results, a three-level fuzzy hierarchy evaluation model for slope hazard is proposed. A total of 22 factors affecting slope stability in 4 categories and 9 sub-categories were selected to constitute the basic evaluation system. Taking the highway slope of the multi-line connecting line as an example, the weight was determined by AHP method, and the weight was adjusted by the back analysis of the typical highway slope. Finally, the stability of other highway slopes in the study area is evaluated on the spot, and use the information concentration formula to check, then the susceptibility level prediction of slope disasters in the whole section is realized based on GIS platform. The analysis results show that among the 77 highway slopes studied, unstable slopes account for 7.8% of the total slopes, less stable slopes account for 22.1%, quasi steady slopes account for 42.8% and steady slopes account for 27.3%. Therefore, the disaster prone zoning of highway slopes along the connecting line of Chengdu Mianyang double track line is obtained. In fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, information set formula can be used to modify the evaluation results to a more extent. In this study,compared with the second-level model, the accuracy of the three-level model improved by about 16.7%. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
2 - Geochemistry and tectonomagmatic environment of Eocene volcanic rocks in the Southeastern region of Abhar, NW Iran
Masoud Nazari Mohammad Ali Arian Ali Solgi Reza Zareisahamieh Abdollah Yazdiشماره 4 , دوره 15 , پاییز 2023Eocene volcanic are exposed in southeast of Zanjan in the Tarom magmatic zone that located in the Central Iran structural zone. The Abhar Eosen pyroclastic with andesite, trachy-andesite, dacite and rhyolite along with tuff compositions is located 120 km southeast of Za چکیده کاملEocene volcanic are exposed in southeast of Zanjan in the Tarom magmatic zone that located in the Central Iran structural zone. The Abhar Eosen pyroclastic with andesite, trachy-andesite, dacite and rhyolite along with tuff compositions is located 120 km southeast of Zanjan. Mineralogically point of view, the studied volcanic rocks have low quartz, negligible alkaline feldspar, abundant plagioclase, and pyroxene contents. Textureally, Porphyritic, microlithic porphyritic, glomeroporphyritic, and poikilitic are predominant in these rocks. All of the studied samples display REE patterns characterized by LREE-enriched (Rb and Ba) and HREE-depleted segments typical of arc lavas which is one of the characteristics of subduction zone. The geochemical characteristics of the studied samples indicated that fractional crystallization is the primary cause of the diversity and differentiation of these rocks compared to crustal contamination. The rocks of the study area are composed of a similar origin to the OIB (mantle components) and partial melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantles. Of course, this mantle source has been modified by recycled sediments and melt released from the edge of the subducting oceanic crust. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
3 - Earthquake ground-motion prediction in the Khalkhal region, NW Iran
Akram Alizadeh Fatemeh Salehiشماره 4 , دوره 15 , پاییز 2023Understanding seismic sources in a region help us to identify the level of ground motion. The area around Khalkhal city in the south of Ardabil province, northwest Iran, is a seismic region that is specially, complex from a geodynamic and tectonic point of view. Prevail چکیده کاملUnderstanding seismic sources in a region help us to identify the level of ground motion. The area around Khalkhal city in the south of Ardabil province, northwest Iran, is a seismic region that is specially, complex from a geodynamic and tectonic point of view. Prevailing tectonic regimes in different geologic time intervals have caused at least two deformation episodes recorded by faults, folds and other tectonic structures. These structures indicate that the dominant tectonic regimes have been compressive. Examination of the seismic power of currently active faults and software analysis of their focal mechanisms, show that major activity in the region is due to faults with trend north-south and northeast-southwest. The results of this study indicate the seismic capacity of the region and the likely occurrence of earthquakes with a magnitude greater than two on the Richter scale. Also, they show that the probability of earthquakes with magnitudes above 5.3 on the Richter scale is one in one hundred years. High a- and b-values indicate the frequency of earthquakes with low magnitude and the generally high seismicity in the region. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
4 - First report of the SardinellaSardinites (Heckel, 1850) in the Kond formation in the Saran area, Central Alborz in Iran
Saeedeh Senemari Leila Fazli Alireza Cheginiشماره 4 , دوره 15 , پاییز 2023Investigating the fossil-bearing horizons of the Kond Formation in the Saran area resulted in the identification of Sardinellasardinites (Heckel 1850) belonging to the family of Clupeidae Bonaparte (1831) for the first time the east of Tehran province. Furthermore, bios چکیده کاملInvestigating the fossil-bearing horizons of the Kond Formation in the Saran area resulted in the identification of Sardinellasardinites (Heckel 1850) belonging to the family of Clupeidae Bonaparte (1831) for the first time the east of Tehran province. Furthermore, biostratigraphic analyses based on the presence of benthic and planktonic foraminifera in this area demonstrate that the sedimentary sequence including strata of conglomerate, tuff, shale, gypsum, limestone, and marl with a thickness of 376 m in the Saran area belongs to the Priabonian, which is discontinuously located on Middle Eocene green tuffaceousshales. In the present study, 18 species belonging to 9 genera from the benthic foraminifera were identified. In the late Middle Eocene, the performance of the orogenic Pyrenean phase led to the rising of the sedimentary strata and subsequent retreat of the sea and then the sea re-advanced during the Priabonian stage. The presence of a conglomerate at the base of the formation reveals the next activity of the tectonic phase. In this study, the rock unit of the Lower Red Formation belonging to the Oligo-Miocene is located on the deposits of the Kond Formation. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
5 - The petrology and geochemistry of Sorkheh-Dizaj intrusive rocks in northern Zanjan and its effects on recovery of LREE from tailingby digestion-water leaching processes, Iran
Ahmad Adib Esmaeil Rahimiشماره 4 , دوره 15 , پاییز 2023Magnetite-apatite mineralization in Tarom Mountains at the western part of Alborz-Azerbaijan belt originated from quartz monzonite magma and belongs to high K calc-alkaline, showing a post-collision tectonic environment. The negative trend from LREEs to HREEs is consist چکیده کاملMagnetite-apatite mineralization in Tarom Mountains at the western part of Alborz-Azerbaijan belt originated from quartz monzonite magma and belongs to high K calc-alkaline, showing a post-collision tectonic environment. The negative trend from LREEs to HREEs is consistent with the spider pattern of the subduction areas. In this article, the recovery of the rare-earth elements (REEs) from apatite flotation concentrate by acid leaching and digestion-water leaching were studied. The total amount of LREEs in the tailings sample is between 1500 - 2600 ppm. The most frequent elements are Ce, La, Nd, and Y. Among them Ce is the most abundant and La is the least.. The maximum LREEs recovery with the sulfuric acid leaching was62% with experimental parameters of 12 M acid concentration, 4 h leaching time, 25℃ heat, and a liquid to solid ratio (L/S) of 1:5. under optimal parameters of (220℃), (3 h), and L/S (1:2), the digesting with sulfuric acid resulted to the recovery of La, Ce, Nd, and Y with 93.92%, 92.22%, 92.04%, and 91.00%, respectively. similarity, the best conditions at water leaching process, are the leaching time of 5 h, at 80℃, and L/S of 1:10 for La, Ce, Nd, and Y recovery are respectively 89.50%, 88.45%, 92.20%, and 94.0%. پرونده مقاله -
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6 - Facies analysis, depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy of the Permian Ruteh Formation in north of Mahabad (NW Iran)
Youssef Mohammadi Moghaddas Rahim Mahari Rahim Shabanian Adel Najafzadehشماره 1 , دوره 14 , زمستان 2022The Permian Ruteh Formation is known as one of the most significant successions in northwestern Iran. In the studied area it exposed a thick succession (201 m) of medium to thick-bedded carbonate sedimentary rocks in the west of Kuseh-Kahrizeh village in the north of Ma چکیده کاملThe Permian Ruteh Formation is known as one of the most significant successions in northwestern Iran. In the studied area it exposed a thick succession (201 m) of medium to thick-bedded carbonate sedimentary rocks in the west of Kuseh-Kahrizeh village in the north of Mahabad city. This formation unconformably overlain the Cambrian Mila Formation and it is unconformably underlain by the Oligo-Miocene Qom Formation The laboratory studies on the thin sections led to the identification of 15 microfacies that are arranged in three facies associations: inner ramp, mid-ramp and outer ramp. The petrographic results and facies analysis demonstrate that the depositional environment of Ruteh Formation in the studied area exhibits the characteristics of a homoclinal carbonate ramp platform of a gentle slope. This platform is mainly composed of supratidal, intertidal, lagoon, shoal, open marine, mid-ramp, and outer ramp environments. According to facies frequency analysis, the lagoon environment accounts for the highest abundance of facies (33%), whearas the outer ramp environment shows the least abundance (2%).Vertical distribution analysis of sedimentary facies led to the identification of transgressive and regressive depositional patterns. Accordingly, a total of 4 depositional sequences of third-order, 5 sequence boundaries and 4 maximum flooding surfaces were identified. The boundaries between all sequences are identified as SB1. پرونده مقاله -
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7 - Study of development cycle of down ramp in underground metal mine
Nirlipta Nayak Harinandan Kumar Suhel Ahmedشماره 4 , دوره 15 , پاییز 2023Mine development is the process of constructing a mining facility and supporting infrastructure. In the mining industry, operations are sequential. It means one function cannot start until its preceding operation has been completed. Hence, a delay in any operations resu چکیده کاملMine development is the process of constructing a mining facility and supporting infrastructure. In the mining industry, operations are sequential. It means one function cannot start until its preceding operation has been completed. Hence, a delay in any operations results in an overall delay for the total target. Effective underground mine planning aims at least idle & breakdown time. One such delay examined here is the cycle time for the developments in headings and drives. In this study, Blast-to-blast cycle time was evaluated in terms of productive and unproductive work in Indian underground metal mines. The actual Average Cycle Time for blast-to-blast operations was observed at 37.12 hrs, higher than the expected Cycle Time, i.e., 12.16 hrs. The variation in cycle time leads to the delay. Therefore, a study was carried out to determine the actual cause of delay through real-time analysis of all the operations during the development. The delays were breakdown, manpower idle time, shift problem, poor ventilation, water pressure problem, etc. reduced work time utilization, dewatering, and pump breakdown were observed as significant factors for cycle time delays. Effective measures were suggested to optimize the cycle time by controlling the factors responsible for the delay and improving the development cycle. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
8 - Study of A-type granite from the South of Lake Urmia, Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone: implications for the Neotethys opening in Iran
Nasser Ashrafi Mehrdad Pourmohsen Morovvat Faridazadشماره 2 , دوره 15 , بهار 2023The magmatic evidence of the Neotethys opening in Iran, such as the Late Paleozoic A-type granitoids, was mainly discovered along the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone and parallel to the Neotethys suture. Therefore, they may provide important clues about the geodynamic evolution of چکیده کاملThe magmatic evidence of the Neotethys opening in Iran, such as the Late Paleozoic A-type granitoids, was mainly discovered along the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone and parallel to the Neotethys suture. Therefore, they may provide important clues about the geodynamic evolution of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone. The South of Lake Urmia (SLU) granite is situated near the Khalifan A-type pluton (315±2 Ma) with a cover of the Permian sediments. The rock-forming minerals of the SLU granite consist of quartz, alkali-feldspars (K-rich and microperthitic), sodic plagioclases, biotite (Fe-rich), zircon, apatite, and Fe-Ti oxides. The chemical composition of the SLU granite is characterized by high FeOt/MgO and (Na2O+K2O)/CaO ratios, which are typical features of A-type granites. Furthermore, the studied rocks exhibit the chemical characters of the A1 subgroup of A-type granites with peraluminous and K2O-rich affinities. On the multi-element spider plot, the SLU granite shows distinct negative Ba, Sr, P, and Ti anomalies and positive Pb anomalies. Moreover, the Chondrite-normalized rare earth elements (REE) patterns display slope downwards from LREE to HREE, with flattening at the HREE end and distinct negative Eu anomalies. The ratios of trace elements provide evidence for the contribution of the OIB-like mafic melts with crustal interactions to generate the granitic magmas of the SLU pluton. The compositional and stratigraphic features of the SLU granite are also consistent with an extensional setting during the Late Paleozoic in Iran. Therefore, the genesis of the SLU granite can be attributed to the syn-rift magmatism of the Cimmerian terranes. A comprehensive review of the Late Paleozoic rocks occurrence shows that they mainly are emerged in the northeast margin of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone and around the structural depressions such as Lake Urmia (so-called Tertiary fore-arc or Mesozoic back-arc). پرونده مقاله -
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9 - Biostratigraphy of Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in Tuyeh-Darvar section, north of Iran
Mohammad Taghi Najjarzadeh Ali Reaza Ashouri Mehdi Yazdi Ali Bahramiشماره 2 , دوره 12 , بهار 2020Devonian-Carboniferous boundary is not clear in the Eastern Alborz Mountains. In the current study Tuyeh-Darvar section with about 170 m, thickness is selected. In this investigation, the primary goal is revision of Devonian/Carboniferous Boundary (known as DCB) and the چکیده کاملDevonian-Carboniferous boundary is not clear in the Eastern Alborz Mountains. In the current study Tuyeh-Darvar section with about 170 m, thickness is selected. In this investigation, the primary goal is revision of Devonian/Carboniferous Boundary (known as DCB) and the other goal is the redefinition of the DCB as a famous necessity (based on ICS program in 2008 for defining the boundary and to find a new GSSP). According to Conodont data from acid-leaching 53 carbonate samples(by acid acetic) that obtained from Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous deposits in this section, and based on standard conodont Zonation 6 Zone are recognized;1. Bi.ultimus/or Si.praesulcata Zone, 2. Pr.kockeli /or Si.sulcata Zone, 3. Si.duplicata to Si.sandbergi bio interval, 4. Si.crenulata Zone, 5.Gnathodus-P.inornatus Zone, and 6.Ps.multistriatus Zone. Considering to the Conodont Zones above mentioned, Conodont faunas and other evidences, in the Tuyeh-Darvare section the DCB, is located within cream to grey silt stone beds, which are lies between K6 limestone and K8 dark carbonate beds (about 7.10 m above the base of recent studied section). پرونده مقاله -
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10 - Geological and engineering geological characteristics of surface alluviums in the Gorgan city
Rasool Yazarloo ماشالله خامه چیان محمدرضا نیکودلشماره 2 , دوره 14 , بهار 2022Engineering properties of soils and the 3D modeling of geological formations are widely used in site investigations and the preparation of geological hazard maps. The present study was conducted to characterize the engineering geological properties of the young surface چکیده کاملEngineering properties of soils and the 3D modeling of geological formations are widely used in site investigations and the preparation of geological hazard maps. The present study was conducted to characterize the engineering geological properties of the young surface alluviums of the Gorgan city (Iran) to a depth of 25 m and 3D modeling of their geology using boreholes data. To this end, after determining the location of the available boreholes on the aerial map of Gorgan, four hypothetical cross-sections were considered in the North-South and East-West directions. Then, the borehole data were marked on each section and their 2D geological cross-sections were manually drawn using correlation of the similar layers. In the next step, by expanding the information of these sections, a 3D geological model of Gorgan city was prepared using a conceptual-observational method. According to the evidence from the boreholes and field observations, the depositional environment of Gorgan alluviums was an alluvial fan created by the Ziarat River. Additionally, in terms of engineering characteristics of alluviums, the Gorgan subsurface soils can be divided into four engineering units, including upper clay unit (UCU), middle gravel unit (MGU), lower clay unit (LCU), and sandy unit (SU), which share the same engineering characteristics. Finally, the results of tests performed on samples from different depths were employed to calculate the engineering geological characteristics of each unit, including Atterberg limits, compressibility, undrained shear strength, and drained shear strength parameters. پرونده مقاله
