سیل و تاب آوری: مطالعه مروری
محورهای موضوعی : هیدرولوژی، هیدرولیک و ساختمان های انتقال آب
سعید اسلامیان
1
,
یاسر سبزواری
2
1 - گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، ایران.
2 - گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، ایران.
کلید واژه: ریسک, تابآوری سیل, سیل, مدیریت سیل,
چکیده مقاله :
سیل، یکی از بزرگترین معضلات و بلایای طبیعی در اقلیم ایران است که از دیرباز موجب بروز خسارات زیادی شده است. مدیریت ریسک سیل در کاهش عوارض برخی از خطرات سیل، جلوگیری از تلفات جانی در هنگام وقوع سیل و کاهش بار اقتصادی جوامع و مناطق پس از سیل موفق بوده است. این یک رویکرد مفید برای ارزیابی خطرات و تصمیم گیری در مورد اجرای اقدامات حفاظتی است. اخیراً علاوه بر مدیریت ریسک سیل، تابآوری سیل به عنوان یک رویکرد جدید در ادبیات دانشگاهی مورد بحث قرار گرفته است. این مقاله بر این است تا رابطه بین مدیریت ریسک سیل و تاب آوری سیل را آشکار کند. بنابراین، سه جنبه مورد بحث قرار می‌گیرد: تعریف تابآوری، روش‌های اندازه‌گیری آن و همچنین امکان اجرا و تعبیه آن در مدیریت ریسک سیل. از این‌رو در مطالعه حاضر مروری بر ۳۷ تحقیق مختلف انجام شده در زمینه راهکارهای و تجربیات مقابله با سیل و تابآوری در برابر این مخاطره طبیعی انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد گرچه روش‌های غیرسازه‌ای در کنترل سیل نسبت به روش‌های سازه‌ای کم هزینه‌تر هستند ولی کاربرد ترکیبی اقدامات سازه‌ای و غیرسازه‌ای برای کنترل سیلاب بهترین بازدهی را خواهد داشت.
Flood is one of the biggest problems and natural disasters in the climate of Iran, which has caused a lot of damage for a long time. Flood risk management has been successful in reducing the effects of some flood risks, preventing loss of life during floods and reducing the economic burden of communities and regions after the flood. This is a useful tip for assessing risks and deciding whether to implement a safety assessment. Recently, in addition to flood risk management, flood resilience has been discussed as a new topic in academic literature. This paper aims to explore the relationship between flood risk management and flood resilience. Therefore, three aspects are discussed: the definition of resilience, its measurement methods, as well as the possibility of implementing it in flood risk management. Therefore, in this review study, 38 different researches have been conducted in the field of methods and experiences of dealing with floods and resilience against this natural hazard. The results showed that although non-structural methods in flood control are less than structural methods, but using a combination of structural and non-structural methods for flood control will have the best results.
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