تأثیر کود زیستی فسفاته بارور2 و قارچ میکوریزا همراه با مصرف اسید هیومیک روی صفات زراعی آفتابگردان
محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي
1 - گروه کشاورزی-دانشکده کشاورزی-دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی خوی
کلید واژه: تعداد دانه در طبق, کود زیستی, قارچ میکوریزا, وزن هزار دانه,
چکیده مقاله :
در راستای کشاورزی پایدار، آزمایشی با استفاده از کود زیستی فسفاته بارور2 و قارچ میکوریزا همراه با مصرف اسید هیومیک روی صفات زراعی و عملکرد دانه آفتابگردان در مزرعه‌ای واقع در شهرستان چایپاره انجام گرفت. آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور و سه تکرار طی سال 1397 اجرا شد. فاکتور اول اسید هیومیک در دو سطح (عدم مصرف و مصرف خاکی 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید هیومیک) و فاکتور دوم کود فسفره در شش سطح (عدم مصرف کود، کود زیستی فسفاته بارور2، قارچ میکوریزا آربوسکولار، کود زیستی فسفر بارور2 به همراه قارچ میکوریزا ، کود زیستی فسفر بارور2 به همراه قارچ میکوریزا و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی سوپر فسفات تریپل، 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی سوپر فسفات تریپل) در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر اسید هیومیک روی ارتفاع بوته، قطر طبق، تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت معنی دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه به میزان 98/2439 کیلوگرم در هکتار از تیمار مصرف اسید هیومیک حاصل شد. تأثیر کود فسفره نیز روی ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، قطر طبق، تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه معنی دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه به میزان 6/2789 کیلوگرم در هکتار در تیمار کود زیستی فسفاته بارور2 به همراه قارچ میکوریزا و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی سوپر فسفات تریپل مشاهده شد. بنابراین جهت کاهش مصرف کود شیمیایی و حفظ محیط زیست تیمار کود زیستی فسفاته بارور 2 به همراه قارچ میکوریزا و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی سوپر فسفات تریپل توصیه می شود که در اثر آن حدود 50 درصد در مصرف کود شیمیایی سوپر فسفات تریپل صرفه جویی می‌گردد.
For the aim of sustainable agriculture and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, the experiment carried out by using of Barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi and humic acid on agronomic characteristics and seed yield of sunflower. This experiment was conducted in Chaypareh city in 2018. The experiments carried out using factorial design based on Randomized Complete Block design with three replications and two factors. The factors were as follows: The first factor humic acid in two levels (control and humic acid 10 kg.ha-1) and Second factor phosphateh fertilizer in six levels (control, Barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer, mycorrhizal fungi, Barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhizal fungi, Barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhizal fungi + 100 kg.ha-1 super phosphate triple and 200 kg.ha-1 super phosphate triple). The results showed that the effect of humic acid was significant on plant height, head diameter, Number of seed per head, 100-seed weight, seed yield and harvest index were significant. The maximum grain yield (2439.98 kg. ha-1) was obtained from experiment treatment of humic acid. The effect of phosphateh fertilizer on plant height, steam diameter, head diameter, Number of seed per head, 100-seed weight and seed yield were significant. The maximum seed yield 2789.6 kg.ha-1 was obtained from experimental treatments Barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhizal fungi + 100 kg.ha-1 super phosphate triple. According to the results of this experiment, using Barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhizal fungi could reduce 50% super phosphate triple
Abdali, R., M. R. Ardakani, d. Habibi, and K. Kharazmi. 2006. The effect of mycorrhiza application and different levels of irrigation on yield and some characteristics of popcorn corn. 9th Iranian Congress of Agricultural Sciences and Plant Breeding. September 26-27. University of Tehran. (in Persian).
Ahmad, R., and N. Jabeen. 2009. Demonstration of growth improvement in sunflower (Hellianthus annuus L.) by the use of organic fertilizers under saline conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany 41(3): 1384-1373.
Arancon, N. A., C. A. Edwards, P. Bierman, C. Welch, and J. O. Metzger. 2004. Influences of Vermicomposts on field Strawberries: 1. Effects on growth and yields. Bioresource Technology. 93: 145-153.
Asal, M. W., A. Elham, O. M. Ibrahim, and E. G. Ghalab. 2015. Humic acid replace part of the applied mineral fertilizers. A study on two wheat cultivars grown under calcareous soil conditions. International Journal of Chem-Tech Research. 8(9): 26-20.
Cooke, G. W. 2005. The value of fertilizer placement. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 118: 49-37.
Doroodian, M., Y. Sharghi, A. Alipour, and H. Zahedi. 2016. Yield and Yield Components of Wheat as Influenced by sowing date and humic acid. International Journal of Natural Sciences. 5(1): 14-8.
Elkholy M. A., S. E. Ashly, and A. M. Gomaa. 2005. Biofertilizer of maize crop and its impact on yield and grain nutrient under low rates of mineral fertilizers. Journal of Applied Science Research. 2:121-117.
Gad, S. H., A. M. Ahmed, and Y. Moustafa. 2012. Effect of foliar application with two antioxidants and humic acid on growth, yield and yield components of peas (Pisum sativum L.). Journal of Horticultural Sciences and Ornamental Plants. 4(3): 328-318.
Gayathri, B., and C. A. Srinivasamurthy. 2016. Effect of different levels and sources of humic acid extracted from organic wastes on soil properties, growth, yield and nutrient uptake by maize. Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 50(2): 468-463.
Han, H. S., D. Supanjani, and K. D. Lee. 2006. Effect of co-inoculation with phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria on mineral uptake and growth of pepper and cucumber. Journal of Plant Soil Environment. 3: 136-130.
Jalota, S., A. Sood, J. Vitale and R. Srinivasan. 2007. Simulated crop yields response to irrigation water and economic analysis. Agronomy Journal. 99 (4): 1084-1073.
Karimi, A., A. Tadayyon, and M. Tadayyon, 2016. The effect of humic acid on yield, yield components and proline content of safflower leaves at different levels of irrigation. Journal of Agriculture. (18) 3: 623-609. (in Persian).
Khajeh pour, M. R. 2010. Industrial plants. Isfahan University Publications. 564 pp. (in Persian).
Malakouti, M. J., P. Keshavarz, and N. Karimian. 2008. Comprehensive method of diagnosis and optimal fertilizer recommendation for sustainable agriculture. Tarbiat Modares University Publications. 710 pp. (in Persian).
Marzban, Z., M. Amerian, and M. Memarabadi. 2014. Agronomic characteristics of maize and cowpea in response to consumption of mycorrhizal fungus and mesobarizium bacteria in mixed and pure culture. Journal of Crop Plant Ecophysiology. (8) 2: 180-165. (in Persian).
Miransari M. 2011. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen uptake. Arch Microbiol. 193: 81–77.
Mirza Khani, M., and N. Sajedi.2015. Evaluation of the application of bio-chemical fertilizers on fertilizer use efficiency, yield and yield components of sunflower. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. (25) 3: 152-140. (in Persian).
Mirzakhani, M., M. R. Ardakani, A. Ayneband, H. Shiranirad, and F. Rejali. 2008. Effects of inoculation with Azotobacterand mycorrhiza and different levels of nitrogen and phosphorous on grain yield and its components in spring safflower. The 10th Iranian Crop Production and Breeding Congress. Karaj, Iran. 18-20 p. 413.
Mittal, V., O. Sigh, H. Nayyarkaur, and R. Tewari. 2007. Stimulatory effect of phosphate solubilizing fangat Starins (aspergillus awarvori and pencillum cirtinum) on the yield of chick peae (Cicer aritinum L.). Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 40: 727-718.
Moradi, M., H. Madani, and M. Melbobi. 2008. Comparison of biological and chemical efficiency of phosphorus in oil sunflower cultivation in Arak climate. Journal of New Finding in Agriculture. (3) 2: 178 - 168. (in Persian).
Moraditochaee, M. 2012. Effects of humic acid foliar spraying and nitrogen fertilizer management on yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Iran. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science. 7(4): 293-289.
Movahed pour, F., A. Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab, N. Najafi, and R. Amini. 2014. The effect of humic acid and EDTA on growth, yield and yield components of rapeseed under copper toxicity stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. (24) 4: 121-103. (in Persian).
Nardi, S., D. Pizzeghello, A. Muscolo, and A. Vianello. 2002. Physiological effects of humic substances on higher plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 34: 1536-1527.
Parvazi Shendi, S., A. Pazaki, A. Asgharzadeh, and A. Azadi. 2013. Effect of irrigation cycle, growth stimulating bacteria and humic acid on yield and yield components of wheat. Journal of Modern Knowledge of Sustainable Agriculture . (9) 3: 61-53. (in Persian).
Seyed Sharifi, R. 2009. Industrial plants. second edition. Amidi Publications, Tabriz. 432 pp. (in Persian).
Sharma, A. K .2002. A handbook of organic farming .Agro .bios. India 627.pp.
Shokouh Far, A., and S. Khani. 2018. Investigation of the combined effect of biological and chemical fertilizers of phosphorus and nitrogen on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower. Journal of Plant Production Sciences. (8) 2: 92 - 83. (in Persian).
Vista, S. P. 2015. Use of humic acid in agriculture. In: A Handbook of Soil Science, by Government of Nepal. pp. 6-11. NARC Publications.
Wesi, H., Gh. Heidari. and Y. Sohrabi. 2016. Effect of two species of mycorrhiza fungi and different levels of humic acid and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of sunflower. Journal of Agricultural Ecology. (8) 4: 582-567. (in Persian).
Yasari, E., S. Mozafari, O. Ghasemi Chepi, H. Jafarzadeh Zoghalcahli, and E. Shafiee. 2015. Effect of phosphate solubilization bacteria and different levels of mineral phosphorous on growth and seed yield of soybean cultivars. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 12(4): 693-703. (In Persian).
Yazdani, M., M. A. Bahmanyar, H. Pirdashti, M. A. Esmaili. 2009. Effect of phosphate solubilization microorganisms and plant growth promoting Rhizo bacteria on yield and yield components of corn. International Journal of Biology and Life Science. 3(1): 50-51.
Yousef pour, Z., R. Yadavi, H. R Baluchi, and H. Faraji. 2014. Investigation of yield and some physiological, morphological and phenological characteristics of sunflower under the influence of biological and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen and phosphorus. Journal of Agricultural Ecology. (6) 3: 519-508. (in Persian).