تاثیر مقادیر آب مصرفی بر کمیت و کیفیت ارقام چغندر قند
محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي
1 - استادیار/دانشگاه آزاد مهاباد
کلید واژه: چغندرقند, کمیت و کیفیت , مقدار آب مصرفی و مهاباد ,
چکیده مقاله :
محدودیت آب آبیاری در سال های کم آب و پیش رو تاثیر چشمگیری را روی عملکرد ریشه و میزان درآمد زارعین چغندرکار به دنبال دارد. در سال 1387 جهت تعیین تاثیر مقادیر آبیاری بر کمیت و کیفیت چغندر قند مطالعه ای در مزرعه دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مهاباد انجام شد. این پژوهش به صورت طرح فاکتوریل درقالب بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارها مقادیر مختلف آب بود که به ترتیب شامل I1،I2 و I3 به ترتیب(8243 ،7419 و 6594 مترمکعب در هکتار) بر اجزای عملکرد ریشه دو رقم چغندر قند اعمال شد. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که با کاهش مقدار آب مصرفی از I1 به I2 عملکرد ریشه، قند ناخالص، سدیم ریشه و قند قابل استحصال به صورت معنی داری کاهش داشت، ولی درصد قند و میزان نیتروژن مضره ریشه به صورت معنی داری افزایش یافت. حداکثر عملکرد ریشه در تیمار I1 به میزان 5/49 تن در هکتار بود، در حالی که در تیمار I3 تا 06/31 تن در هکتار کاهش یافت. با کاهش مصرف آب آبیاری عملکرد قند از 08/9 در تیمار I1به 57/5 تن در هکتار در تیمار I3 کاهش نشان داد. حداکثر میزان سدیم و پتاسیم در تیمار I2 مشاهده شد و مقدار تجمع آنها در ریشه دو رقم تفاوت معنی داری داشت. بطور کلی نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد به دلیل اینکه عملکرد قند از حاصل ضرب عملکرد ریشه و درصد قند ناخالص است و معیار درآمد زارع می باشد؛ با توجه به دو نوع رقم آزمایشی ، تیمار I2 به عنوان مصرف بهینه آب در زراعت چغندرقند، برای شهرهای اطراف کارخانه قند میاندوآب بوده که در این تحقیق حداکثر عملکرد قند در آن حاصل شد.
Limitation of irrigation water during years with low rainfall has a remarkable impact on the root yield and income of sugar beet growers. In 2008 an experiment was conducted on the farm of Agricultural Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Mahabad in order to study the effects of amount of water usage on the quality and quantity of sugar beet. In this study three irrigation treatments; I1, I2 and I3 (8243,7419 and 6594 water use per ha) were applied to two sugar beet cultivars. The results showed that with the increase of the amount of water use from I1 to I2, root yield, impure sugar, root Na and the extractable sugar decreased, but the percentage of sugar and the amount of detrimental root Na increased significantly. The maximum root yield in L1 increased to 49.5 t/ha while it decreased to 31.06 t/ha in I3. With the decrease of irrigation water use the sugar yield decreased to 5.57 in I3 compared with 9.08 in I1. The amounts of Na and K in I2 were maximum whose accumulation in the roots of the two cultivars had a significant difference. In general, the results of the study showed that the yield could be assumed as a product of (root yield x impure sugar) and it is a criterion for the growers' income. The treatment I2 can be recommended for the conditions of the cities in the vicinity of Miyandoab Sugar Factory in order to obtain the maximum sugar yield and use the minimum water. Meanwhile, we have to consider the suitable cultivar for the areas.
Abdollahian-Nogabi,M.1999. Ecophysiology of sugar beet cultivars and weed species subjected to water deficiency stress. PhD thesis. University of Reading.
Anonymous ,Agricultural statistics ,2008.Agricultural Jihad Ministry of IRAN. (In Persian).
Clover, G.R.G., H.G. Smith, S.N. Azam-Ali, and K.W. Jaggard. 1999. The effects of drought on sugar beet growth in isolation and in combination with beet yellow virus infection. J. Agr. Sci. 133: 251-261
Dunham,RJ. and Clark,N.1992. Coping with stress. British Sugar beet Review,60(1):10-13.
Ebrahimipak .N .A, E.Pazera, F.Kaveh,M.J.Abedi.2008.The effect of deficit irrigation in different growth stages on quantity and quality on yield sugar beet and water use efficiency. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi No 78 pp: 63-73(In Persian).
Eck,HV.Winter, SR.,Smith,SJ.1990.Sugar beet yield and quality in relation to residual beet feed lot waste. Agronomy Journal, 82:250-254.
Fabeiro Cortés C, Mart´ın de Santa Olalla FJ, López Urrea R 2002.Production of garlic (Allium sativum L.) under controlled deficit irrigation in a semi-arid climate. Agric. Water Manage. 59: 155-167.
Farshi.A,M.J.Shriati,R.Jarallahi.M.R.Gaemi,M.Shahabifar,M.M.Tolaei.1997.The evaluation water requirements for major agronomic and horticultural plants. Agricultural researching organization .Iran.900 pp. (In Persian).
Green. CF.L.V. Vaidyanathan, and J. D. 1986. Growth of sugar beet crop including the influenced of synthetic Plant growth regulars. J. Agr. Sci (camb). 107:285-297.
Haddock, J. L. 1959. Yield, quality and nutrient content of sugar beets as affected by irrigation regime and fertilizers. J. Am. Soc. Sugar Beet Technol. 10:344-355.
Hang . A. N. and DE. Miller .1986. Response of sugar beet to deficit high-frequency spikler irrigation. I: Sucrose accumulation, and top and root dry matter production. Agron. J. 78:10-14.
Hare, P.D., Cress, W.A., and Van Staden, J. 1998. Dissecting the roles of osmolyte accumulation during stress. Plant Cell Environ. 21:535-553.
Harvey. CW and J.V.Dutton .1993. Root quality and processing. In: Cooke DA, Scott RK (eds.).The Sugar Beet Crop, PP 517-617. London: Chapman & Hall
Hilde,DJ,SR.Levos,S.Ellingson,RL.1983.Grower practices system promotes beet quality improvement in the Red River vally.J.AM.Soc.Sugar beet Technol.22:73-88.
Hills, F. J., S.R. winter and D.W Henderson. 1990. sugar beet in: irrigation of Agriculture crops. Agronomy Monograph no.30 (Eds B.A. Stewart and D. R. Nielsen). American Society of Agronomy, Madison, 795-810.
Jaggard. K.W., A.M. Dewar, J.D. Pidgeon. 1998. The Relative effect of drought stress and virus yellows on the yield of sugar in the U.K. 1980-1995. J. of Agric. Sci. 130:337-343.
Jahad Akbar.MR, H.Ebrahimian ,M.Torabi and J.Gavhari.2003. The effects of deficit irrigation on quality and quantity of sugar beet in Isfahan.Jour.of sugar beet.Vol.19.No:1.81-100.pp (In Persian).
Jihad Akbar.MR,M.Oqdai and H. Ebrahimian.2001.Study of delayed irrigation in sugar beet after germination. Jour.of sugar beet.Vol.17.No:2.55-63pp (In Persian).
Jihad Akbar.MR, H.Ebrahimian.2003. The evaluation of three agronomic management and six sugar beet seed cultivar for water saving in first quarter year. 5th Agronomy and plant breeding .9-13.Agust.Karaj.Iran. (In Persian).
Johnson, W.C. and R.G. Davis. 1973. sugar beet response to irrigation as measured with sensors. Agron. J. 65:789-794.
Kaur P, Gupta A K and Kaur N. 2005. Embryo is not required for initiation of -amylase activity in germinating cowpea seeds; Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. 42 161–165
Kerr,S. and Leaman,M.1997.To water or not. British Sugar Beet Review, 65(2):11-13.
Khajehpor.M.1998.Industerial Crops production .Isfahan Industerial Jihad danshgahi.273 pp. (In Persian).
Kunz,M .Martin,D.Puke,H .2002.Precision of beet analyses in Germany explained for polarization.Zuckerindustrie,127:13-21.
Mahmoodi R, H.Maralian and Aghabarati.2008. Effects of limited irrigation on root yield and quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) African Journal of Biotechnology . 7 (24), pp. 4475-4478.
Mohammadian, R., F.R. Khoyi, H. Rahimian, M. Moghaddam, K.Ghassemi-Golezani, and S.Y. Sadeghian. 2001. The effct of early season drought on stomatal conductance, leaf-air temperature difference and proline accumulation in sugar beet genotypes. J.Agri. Sci. Techno. 3: 181-193.
Mohammadian, R., H. Rahimian, M. Moghaddam and S.Y. Sadeghian.2003. The effct of early season drought on chlorophyll fluorescence in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Pakistan J. ofBiological Sci. 6: 1763-1769.
Mohammadian. R, M. Moghaddam; H. Rahimian, S. Y. Sadeghian. 2005. Effect of early Season drought stress on growth characteristics of sugar beet genotypes. Turk. J. Agric. For. PP. 357-36.
Mohamadpour.O,Gh.Barani,M.J.Khanjani.1999.The optimal utilization from multiple reservoirs dam with using of ideal randomized and definitive programming .Msc. thesis .Shahid Bahonar kerman university.165.pp. (In Persian).
Ober, E.2001.The search for tolerance in sugar beet. British sugar beet Review, 69(1):40-43.
Oldfield.JFT.1974.Quality requirements for economic processing in factory. in proceeding of the 37th winter congress of the International Institute for Sugar Beet Research . Sessionll. Repor no.2.2pp.
Pigeon.JD.Werker.AR,Jaggard.KW,Richter.GM,Lister.DH,Jonson.PD.2002.Climatic impact on production of sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris L.)in Europ.1961-1995.Agric.for Meteorol.109(2):27-37.
Price J, Laxmi A, Martin S K and Jang J-C .2004. Global transcription profiling reveals multiple sugar signal transduction mechanisms in Arabidopsis; Plant Cell .16. 2128–2150.
Reinefeld .E, A. Emmerich, G .Baumgarten, C .Winner and U. Beiss .1974. Zur voraussage des melassezuckers aus rubenanalysen. Zucker, 27: 2-15
Rahimian.MJ and H.Asadi.2000. Effects of water stress on qualitative and quantitative yield of sugar beet and determination of plant coefficient production function.Spicial letter Irrigation .Vol.12(10). (In Persian).
Ranji.Z,M.A.Ziaghian,Gh.Tohidlo and M. Abdollahian-Nogabi .2000. Sugar Beet Research Institute of, Karaj. 2000. Annual reports of research. (In Persian).
Scott, R.K. and K.W. Jaggard. 1978. Theoretical criteria maximum yield . In: Proceedings of the 41st Winter. Congress. Institut International de Recherches. Betteravieres. PP. 179-198.
Sheikh_Aleslami, R., 1997. Sugar beet production ,necessity optimization formulas and determination quality . Journal of Sugar Beet Research vol(1 and 2) .72pp. (In Persian).
Thomashow .M. F .1999. Plant cold accumulation: freezing tolerance genes and regulatory mechanisms; Annu. Rev. Plant.Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 50 571–599.
Vokov.K.1977.Physics and chemistry of sugar beet in sugar manufacture . Elsver.Amesterdam.595pp.
Wanner L A and Junttila. 1999 Cold-induced freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis; Plant Physiol. 120 391–399.
Winter.SR.1989.sugarbeet yield and quality response to irrigation , row width , and stand density .j.Sugar Beet Res.26:26-33.