تاثیر مقادیر آب مصرفی بر کمیت و کیفیت ارقام چغندر قند
محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي
اسماعیل نبی زاده
1
(استادیار/دانشگاه آزاد مهاباد)
کلید واژه: چغندرقند, کمیت و کیفیت , مقدار آب مصرفی و مهاباد ,
چکیده مقاله :
محدودیت آب آبیاری در سال های کم آب و پیش رو تاثیر چشمگیری را روی عملکرد ریشه و میزان درآمد زارعین چغندرکار به دنبال دارد. در سال 1387 جهت تعیین تاثیر مقادیر آبیاری بر کمیت و کیفیت چغندر قند مطالعه ای در مزرعه دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مهاباد انجام شد. این پژوهش به صورت طرح فاکتوریل درقالب بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارها مقادیر مختلف آب بود که به ترتیب شامل I1،I2 و I3 به ترتیب(8243 ،7419 و 6594 مترمکعب در هکتار) بر اجزای عملکرد ریشه دو رقم چغندر قند اعمال شد. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که با کاهش مقدار آب مصرفی از I1 به I2 عملکرد ریشه، قند ناخالص، سدیم ریشه و قند قابل استحصال به صورت معنی داری کاهش داشت، ولی درصد قند و میزان نیتروژن مضره ریشه به صورت معنی داری افزایش یافت. حداکثر عملکرد ریشه در تیمار I1 به میزان 5/49 تن در هکتار بود، در حالی که در تیمار I3 تا 06/31 تن در هکتار کاهش یافت. با کاهش مصرف آب آبیاری عملکرد قند از 08/9 در تیمار I1به 57/5 تن در هکتار در تیمار I3 کاهش نشان داد. حداکثر میزان سدیم و پتاسیم در تیمار I2 مشاهده شد و مقدار تجمع آنها در ریشه دو رقم تفاوت معنی داری داشت. بطور کلی نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد به دلیل اینکه عملکرد قند از حاصل ضرب عملکرد ریشه و درصد قند ناخالص است و معیار درآمد زارع می باشد؛ با توجه به دو نوع رقم آزمایشی ، تیمار I2 به عنوان مصرف بهینه آب در زراعت چغندرقند، برای شهرهای اطراف کارخانه قند میاندوآب بوده که در این تحقیق حداکثر عملکرد قند در آن حاصل شد.
Limitation of irrigation water during years with low rainfall has a remarkable impact on the root yield and income of sugar beet growers. In 2008 an experiment was conducted on the farm of Agricultural Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Mahabad in order to study the effects of amount of water usage on the quality and quantity of sugar beet. In this study three irrigation treatments; I1, I2 and I3 (8243,7419 and 6594 water use per ha) were applied to two sugar beet cultivars. The results showed that with the increase of the amount of water use from I1 to I2, root yield, impure sugar, root Na and the extractable sugar decreased, but the percentage of sugar and the amount of detrimental root Na increased significantly. The maximum root yield in L1 increased to 49.5 t/ha while it decreased to 31.06 t/ha in I3. With the decrease of irrigation water use the sugar yield decreased to 5.57 in I3 compared with 9.08 in I1. The amounts of Na and K in I2 were maximum whose accumulation in the roots of the two cultivars had a significant difference. In general, the results of the study showed that the yield could be assumed as a product of (root yield x impure sugar) and it is a criterion for the growers' income. The treatment I2 can be recommended for the conditions of the cities in the vicinity of Miyandoab Sugar Factory in order to obtain the maximum sugar yield and use the minimum water. Meanwhile, we have to consider the suitable cultivar for the areas.
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