مطالعه برخی صفات رویشی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های گندم در شرایط تنش کمبود آب

محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي

بهمن ذكاوتي اصل ¹ (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، واحد ميانه، دانشجوي كارشناسي ارشد زراعت، ميانه، ايران )

تاریخ دریافت : 1389/07/11 تاریخ پذیرش : 1390/04/20 تاریخ انتشار : 1389/04/10

کلید واژه: تنش رطوبتی, ژنوتیپ‌های گندم, عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور مطالعه برخی صفات رویشی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف گندم تحت شرایط عادی و تنش کمبود آب بعد از مرحله گلدهی این آزمایش در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اردبیل در سال زراعی 88-87 اجرا گردید. ده ژنوتيپ گندم تهيه شده از مرکز تحقيقات كشاورزي و منابع طبیعی اردبيل داراي تيپ رشد زمستانه و بينابين در دو آزمایش جداگانه در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي در سه تكرار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. در هر دو شرایط آزمایشی ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه گندم از نظر تعداد دانه در سنبله تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری داشتند و ژنوتیپ‌های شماره 6 و 10 بیشترین مقدار از این صفت را داشتند (به ترتیب 2/42 و 6/42). وزن هزار دانه به طور معنی‌داری تحت شرایط تنش رطوبتی کاهش نشان داد. همچنین مقدار آن در بین ژنوتیپ‌ها تفاوت معنی‌دار داشت. بالاترین و پایین‌ترین عملکرد دانه (3/6093 و 4/4819 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به ترتیب در شرایط عادی و تنش رطوبتی به دست آمد. از لحاظ عملکرد دانه، ژنوتیپ‌هایی که دارای تعداد دانه در سنبله و وزن هزار دانه بالاتری در شرایط‌های مختلف آزمایشی بودند، عملکرد بالاتری داشتند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To evaluate some of morphological traits, yield and yield components in wheat genotypes under normal and water stress codition after anthesis, an experiment was carried out in Agriculture and Natural Research Station of Ardabil in 2008-2009. Then advanced winter and intermediate wheat genotypes obtained from this research station were evaluated in two separate experiments under normal irrigation and deficit irrigation after anthesis in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant differences were observed among genotypes in terms of grain number in spike. Genotypes No.6 and 10 had the highest amount of this trait (42.2 and 42.6, respectively). 1000 grains weigh decreased significantly under water stress, also the amount that were different significant among genotypes. The highest and lowest grain yields (6093.3 and 4819.4 Kg per hectare) were obtained by normal and water stress conditions, respectively. In terms of grain yield, the genotypes which had gain number per spike and 1000 grains weight in high value in both condition, had better yield in comparison with others.

منابع و مأخذ:

 Ahmadzadeh, A., M.R. Dadashi, and S. Fathi. 2006. Analysis of correlation grain yield with some of agronomy traits of spring wheat under normal and drought stress condition. The 9th Iranian Crop Sciences Congress, Abouryhan Campus, University of Tehran. Pp: 489. (in Persian)
 Akram, Z., S.U. Ajmal, and M. Munir. 2008. Estimation of correlation coefficient among some yield parameters of wheat under rainfed conditions. Pak. J. Bot., 40(4): 1777-1781.
 Azizinya, Sh., M.R. Ghanadha, A.A. Zali, B. Yazdi Samadi, and A. Ahmadi. 2005. An Evaluation of Quantitative Traits Related to Drought Resistance in Synthetic Wheat Genotypes in Stress and Non-stress Conditions. Iranian, J. Agric. Sci. Vol. 36, No. 2: 281-293.(in Persian)
 Blum‚ A. 2005. Mitigation of drought stress by crop management. Available at: www.PlantStress.com.
 Dickin, E., D. Wright. 2008. The effects of winter water logging and summer drought on the growth and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Europ. J. Agronomy 28: 234–244.
 Dogan, R. 2009. The correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and some yield components of durum wheat (triticum turgidum var. durum l.) in west Anatolia conditions. Pak. J. Bot., 41(3): 1081-1089.
 Edmeades, C.O., S.C. Chapman, J. Balanus, M. Banziger, and H.R. Lafitte. 1994. Recent evaluation of progress in selection for drought tolerance. Tropi. Afri. Regional Maize Conf. Harare, Zimbabwe.
 Gooding, M.J., R.H. Ellis, P.R. Shewry, and J.D. Schofield. 2003. Effect of restricted water availability and increased temperature on the grain filling, drying and quality of winter wheat. Journal of Cereal Sci. 37: 295-309.
 Khaliq, I., N. Parveen, and M.A. Chowdhry. 2004. Correlation and Path Coefficient Analyses in Bread Wheat. Int. J. Agri. Biol. 6(4): 633-635.
 Khan, A.J., F. Azam, and A. Ali. 2010. Relationship of morphological traits and grain yield in recombinant inbred wheat lines grown under drought conditions. Pak. J. Bot., 42(1): 259-267.
 Kiniry, R.J. 1993. Nonstructural carbohydrate utilization by wheat shaded grain growth. Agron. J. 85: 844 – 849.
 Mahfoozi, S., M. Roustaii, S.H. Jasemi, H. Ketata, and B. David-Flower. 2004. Breeding for increasing wheat yield in the cold dryland regions of Iran. Proceeding of the 4th International / Crop Scince Congress Brisbane, Australia, 26 Sep- 1 Oct 2004.
 Mohsin, T., N. Khan, and F. Nasir-Naqvi. 2009. Heritability, phenotypic correlation and path coefficient studies for some agronomic characters in synthetic elite lines of wheat. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment.7 (3&4): 278 - 282.
 Moustafa, M.A., L. Boersma, and W.E. Kronstad .1996. Response of four spring wheat cultivars to drought stress. Crop Sci. 36: 982-986.
 Naserian, B., A.A. Asadi., M. Rahimi., and M.R. Ardakani. 2007. Evaluation of Wheat Cultivars and Mutants for Morphological and Yield Traits and Comparing of Yield Components under Irrigated and Rainfed Conditions. Asian Journal of Plant Sci. 6 (2): 214-224.
 Plaut, Z., B.J. Butow, C.S. Blumenthal, and C.W. Wrigley. 2004. Transport of dry matter into developing wheat kernels. Field Crops Res. 96:185-198.
 Shearman, V.J., R. Sylvester-Bradley, R.K. Scott, and M.J. Foulkes. 2005. Physiological processes associated with wheat yield progress in the UK. Crop Sci. 45, 175–185.
 Simane, B., P.C. Struik, M.M. Nachit and J.M. Peacock. 1993. Ontogenetic analysis of yield components and yield stability of durum wheat in water- limited environments. Euphytica. 71: 211- 219.
 Singh, M., P. Lalta, and G.B. Swarnkar, 2002. Analysis of correlation studies for grain yield and its contributing traits in advanced generations on bread wheat under rain fed conditions. Pl. Archives Muzafarabad. 2: 215–8.
 Tousi Mojarrad, M., and M.R. Ghannadha. 2005. Factor analysis for grain yield and other attributes in bread wheat. Pajouhsh & Sazandegi. 66: 9-16.(in Persian)
 Zhou, Y., Z.H. He, X.X. Sui, C. Xia, X.K. Zhang, and G.S. Zhang. 2007. Genetic improvement of grain yield and associated traits in the Northern China winter wheat region from 1960 to 2000. Crop Sci. 47: 245–253.