تاثیر تنش خشکی و محلول پاشی روی، آهن و منگنز بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی آفتابگردان رقم هایسان ٣٣

محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي

صابر ديندوست اسلام ¹ , سعيد يوسف زاده ²

1 - دانش آموخته كارشناسي ارشد زراعت ، واحد خوي، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي خوي - ايران
2 - استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور- ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1391/09/14 تاریخ پذیرش : 1392/09/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1394/07/11

کلید واژه: آفتابگردان, تنش خشكي, محلول پاشی, آهن, روی,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی تاثیر تنش خشکی و محلول پاشی عناصر ریز‌مغذی روی، آهن و منگنز بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی آفتابگردان روغنی رقم هایسان 33، آزمایشی به صورت طرح کرت‌های یکبار خرد شده در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1384 در مزرعه تحقيقاتي مرکز تحقيقات کشاورزي استان آذربايجان غربي در شهرستان خوي به اجرا در آمد. تیمار‌های آبیاری شامل، I1 (قطع آبیاری در مرحله گرده افشانی)، I2 (آبیاری کامل هر هشت روز یکبار) و I3 (قطع آبیاری در مرحله ظهور طبق) به عنوان سطوح فاکتور اصلی و مراحل محلول پاشی ریز مغذی‌ها شامل F1 (محلول پاشی در مرحله ظهور طبق)، F2 (محلول پاشی در مرحله اوايل گرده افشانی)، F3 (محلول پاشی در مرحله ظهور طبق و اوايل گرده افشانی) و F0 (بدون محلول پاشی) به عنوان سطوح فاکتور فرعی درنظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد كه اثرات آبیاری و محلول پاشي بر تمامي صفات مورد مطالعه مانند ارتفاع بوته، قطر طبق، تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و روغن تاثیر معنی‌دار داشت. همچنين اثر متقابل آبیاری و مراحل محلول پاشی نيز بر قطر طبق، تعداد دانه در طبق، عملکرد دانه و روغن اثر معنی‌داری نشان داد. كاربرد تیمار I2F3 و I3F0 به ترتيب بيشترين (17/6 و 95/2 تن در هكتار) و کمترین ( 16/2 و 06/1 تن در هكتار) عملكرد دانه و روغن را توليد كردند. كاربرد محلول پاشي اثر تنش خشكي را در اكثر صفات مورد مطالعه بوي‍ژه عملكرد دانه و روغن كاهش داد. در مجموع نتايج نشان دادند كه محلول پاشي عناصر ريز مغذي در شرايط تنش خشكي نقش قابل ملاحظه‌اي در كاهش اثرات سوء تنش خشكي و بهبود عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد آفتابگردان داشته است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To investigate the impact of drought stress and spraying the micro-nutrients of zinc, iron and manganese on the quantitative and qualitative traits of sunflower, highsun 33, an experiment was carried out in complete random blocks with three replications in 1384 in the research agricultural center of W. Azarbaijan – Khoy. The irrigation treatments included I1 ( non-irrigation in the stage of pollination ), I,2 complete irrigation every 8 days ) I,3 ( spraying in the stage of anthodium appearance ) which were considered as the main factors and stages of spraying micronutrients including F1 ( spraying in the stage of plate formation ) F2 ( spraying in the first stage of pollination ) F3 ( spraying in plate appearance and beginning of pollination ), and F,0 ( without spraying ) were taken as sub-level factors. The experiments showed that the effects of irrigation and spraying had significant impact on all the studied traits like the height of the shrubs, plate's diameter, number of grains in the plate, weight of 1000-grain, biologic yield, and oil. Also mutual irrigation and spraying stages showed the highest impact on the diameter of the plate, the number of grains in the plate, grain yield, and oil. The treatment usage of I,2 F3 and I,3 and F0 produced the highest grain and oil yield of 6.17 and 2.95 tons per hectare. The lowest, 2.16 and 1.06 tons per hectare respectively. The application of spraying reduced the impact of drought stress in most studied traits, especially grain and oil yield. It was shown that the spraying of micro-nutrients, especially in drought stress condition had remarkable role in reduction of negative effects of drought and the improvement of yield and its component in sunflower.

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