بررسي تأثيركود زيستي نيتروكسين و نيتروژن بر عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد كلزا
محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي
1 - گروه زراعت- كشاورزي واحد شيروان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، شيروان – ايران
کلید واژه: : عملكرد دانه, كلزا, كود زيستي, كود شيميايي,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثر کود زیستی نیتروکسین و کود شیمیایی نیتروژنه بر عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد دو رقم کلزا آزمایشی در مزرعه‌ی پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شیروان، در استان خراسان شمالي در سال زراعی 92-1391 اجرا شد. در این آزمایش، دو سطح کود بیولوژیک نیتروکسین و 5 سطح کود نیتروژن از منبع اوره مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. ارقام مورد استفاده شامل ارقام اکتانز و تاسیلو بودند كه از بخش دانه‌هاي روغني مركز تحقيقات كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي خراسان رضوي تهيه شد. آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و در سه تکرار انجام شد. در طول دوره‌ی رویش، از صفات مورد نظر يادداشت برداری به عمل آمد. نتايج نشان داد كه عملكرد رقم تاسيلو در مقايسه با اكتانز به طور معني داري (معادل 6/6%) بيشتربود. اين اختلاف عملكرد به دليل افزايش 24 درصدي تعداد خورجين در رقم تاسيلو بود. مصرف 200 كيلوگرم كود نيتروژن در هكتار در مقايسه با شاهد، عملكرد دانه و وزن كل را به ترتيب 7/12 و 12 درصد افزايش داد. مصرف 2 ليتر در هكتار نيتروكسين نيز عملكرد دانه و وزن كل را 4 درصد افزايش داد. با افزايش مصرف كود نيتروژن در دامنه‌ي مورد مطالعه تأثير كود نيتروكسين بر عملكرد دانه بيشتر شد به نحوي كه در تيمارهاي 100، 150 و 200 كيلوگرم نيتروژن در هكتار، با مصرف نيتروكسين عملكرد دانه به ترتيب 3، 5 و 4/7 درصد افزايش يافت. رقم اكتانز عكس‌العمل بهتري به نيتروكسين نشان داد ولي به نظر مي‌رسد از نظراقتصادي كشت رقم تاسيلو مقرون به صرفه باشد چون با مقدار كمتري كود نيتروژن و بدون مصرف نيتروكسین معادل رقم اكتانز توليد محصول داشت.
To investigate the effect of Nitroxin biofertilizer and Nitrogen chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components of two varieties of rapeseed, an experiment was carried out in the research field of IAU in Shirvan branch in the farming season 2012-3. Two levels of nitroxin biofertilizer and five levels of nitrogen fertilizer from the Urea source were used in it. The varieties were Octanz and Tassilo. The experiment was split split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. During the growing season and after harvesting, some special traits were recorded. The results showed that seed yield of Tassilo was significantly higher than Octanz at the rate of %6.6. This yield difference was because of %24 increment of silique amount in Tassilo. The consumption of 200 kg urea fertilizer increased seed and biological yield by %12.7 and %12 respectively in comparison with the control. The use of 2 litre/h Nitrogen also increased seed and biological yield around %4. Increasing the use of urea fertilizer added to the nitrogen biofertilizer impact on seed yield. Using nitroxin biofertilizer accompanied with 100, 150, and 200 kg/h Urea chemical fertilizer, increased seed yield 3,5 and %7.4 respectively. The variety of Octanz showed better reaction to nitroxin biofertilizer. Therefore, the variety of Tassilo is preferred to Octanz because of its equal seed yield and less Urea fertilizer without nitroxin biofertilizer consumption.
Arsac, J.F., C. Lamothe., D. Mulard., and J. Fages. 1990. Growth enhancement of maize through azospirillum inoculation: effect of plant genotype and bacterial concentration. Agronomy. 10: 649-654.
Azimzadeh, S.M., and S.J. Azimzadeh. 2011. Crop Plants Growth Stage and Development. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization ( In Persian).
Azizi, M., A. Soltani., and S. Khavari Khorasani. 2000. Brassica Oilseed: Production and Utilization. Jahade-e-Daneshghahi Mashhad Press (In Persian).
Bourjian, A., and Y. Emam. 2000. Effect of pre anthesis urea foliar application on yield, yield components and grain protein percent of two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. Vol 2. No 1: 23-29 (In Persian).
Cohen, E., Y. Okon., J. Kigel., I. Nur and Y. Henis. 1980. increase in dry weight and total nitrogen content in zea mays and seraria italica associated with nitrogen- fixing azospirillum. plant physiol. 66: 746-749.
Danesh Shahraki, A., A. Kashani., M. Mesgarbashi., M. Nabipoor., M. Dehkordi. 2008. Effect of nitrogen application on some agronomic traits of rapseed. Quartrterly Pajouhesh- Va- Sazandagi. 79: 10-17 (In Persian).
Downy. R.K. 1990. Canola: A quality brassica oilseed. Journal of Agricultural Research. 15(1): 211-215.
Fathi. G. 2004. Effect of Nitrogen levels and plant density on light extinction coefficient, radiation absorption and seed yield of rapeseed. Brief articles of eighth congress of agriculture and plants breeding sciences of Iran- Agriculture Sciences Faculty of Gilan University (In Persian).
Gaur. A.C. 2001a. Effect of Azotobacterization on the yield of canola (Brassica napus L) Laboratory experiment. Indian Society of Soil Science. 40: 19-2.
Gaur. A.C. 2001b. Effect of Azotobacterization in presence of fertilizer nitrogen in the yield of canola(Brassica napus L). Field experiment. Indian Society of Soil Science.41: 50 -54
Kapulnik, Y., R. Gafny., and Y. Okon. 1985. Effect of azospirillum spp. inoculation on root development and no3- uptake in wheat in hydroponic system. Canadian Journal of Botany. 63: 627-631.
Kavyani, A., A. Liagat, T. Sohrabi., and M. Afshar-Asl. 2008. Study on nitrate leaching pattern under the rhizospher in Karaj region using Geographical Information System. Agricultural Journal. 10 (7): 113- 150 (In Persian).
Khademi, R., H.M. Rezaie., Malakooti, J., B. Mohajer Milani. 2000. Rapseed nutrition an effective step on yield and oil quality increment. Agricultural Education publication. Pp 21 (In Persian ).
Khalili, H., M. Azizi., A. Charati., and M. Bahadori. 2007. Effect of Nitroxin biofertilizer on growth and yield of Bahar hybrid rice. www.berenge.com
Khourgami, A., and G. Bour. 2009. Effect of different amount of nitrogens and zinc on yield and seed protein of Durum wheat in Khorramabad condition. Research in Agriculture. Vol 1(3): 15-25 (In Persian).
Lack, S., S.A. Siadat., G. Sathi., and S.A. Hashemi- Dezfouli. 1998. Study of the effect of nitrogen application and plant density on quantitative and qualiutative yield of triticale in climatical conditions of Khuzestan.Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. Vol 1 No 2:43- 55 ( In Persian).
Nezarat, S., and A. Gholami. 2009. The effects of co-inoculation of Azospirillum and Pseudomonas rhizobacteria on nutrient uptake of maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Agroecology Vol. 1, No. 1: 25-32 (In Persian).
Ojaghlou, F., F. Farahvash., A. Hasanzadeh., and M. Pooryosof. 2007. Effect of Azotobacter and Phosphatebarvar biofertilizer on Safflower yield. Journal of Agricultural Sciences of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz Branch Number 3: 39-50 (In Persian).
Papastylianou. I. 1995. Yield components in relation to grain yield losses of barley fertilized with nitrogen. European Agronomy. 4 (1): 55-63
Patll, N., K.C. Lakkinent., and S.C. Bhargara. 2000. Seed yield and yield contributing characters as influenced by N supply in rapeseed-mustard. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science.177: 197-205.
Roshdi, M., S. Rezadoost., J. Khalilimehaleh., and N. Hajihasani asl. 2009. Effect of biofertilizer on yield and yield component of 3 varieties of oil Sunflower. Journal of Agricultural Sciences of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz Branch. Number 10: 11-24 (In Persian).
Saleh-Rastin. N. 1998. Biofertilizer. Journal of water and soil.Volum 12, Number 3: 12-26 (In Persian).
Shahhosseini, Gh., R.H. Zafarinia., M.K. Sori., and H. Pirasteh Anosheh. 2010b. Yield of upland chickpea affected by biosulfur, Azotobacter and Superabsorbent. Use Biological Fertilizer in Sustainable Horticulture and Agriculture, Shiraz. Pp: 29- 34 (In Persian).
Shahsavari, A., H. Pirdashti., A. Mottagian., and M.A. Ghanbari Tajik. 2010. Growth characteristic and yield response of wheat to simultaneous application of manure, Trichoderma spp and sudomunas spp.Journal of Agroecology. Vol. 2, No. 3: 448-458 (In Persian).
Shiranirad. A.H. 1998. Assessing ecophysiologic of mycrorriza mushroom and sicolar symbiosis with soybean and wheat. PhD thesis. Eslamic Azad University, Branch. Tehran יs Researches of science Page 590 (In Persian).
Svecnjak, Z., and Z. Rengel. 2007. Canola cultivars differ in nitrogen utilization efficiency at vegetative stage Field Crops Research 97: 221- 226
Taylor, A.J., C.J. Smith., and I.B. Wilson. 1991. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield, oil content, nitrogen accumulation and water use efficiency of canola. Fertilizer Research. 29: 249-260.
Taylor, A.J., and C.J. Smith. 1992. Effect of sowing date and seeding rate on yield components of irrigated canola (Brassica napus L.).I. grown on a Red – Brown Earth in south – Eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 43 (7): 1629-1641
Tilak, B.R., C.S. Singh., N.K. Roy., and N.S. Subba Rao. 1992. Azospirillium brasilense and Azotobacter chrococcum inoculums effect on maize and sorghum. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 14: 417-418
Yasari, E., and A.M. Patwardhan. 2007. Effects of Aztobacter and Azospirillium inoculations and chemical fertilizers on growth and productivity of Canola. Asian Journal of Plant Science. 6:77-82 (In Persian ).
Zahir, A.Z., Arshad, M., and W.F. Frankenberger (Jr). 2004. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: applications and perspectives in agriculture. Advances in Agronomy, 81:97-168.
Zebarjadi, A., H. Hatamzadeh., S.d. Sharifi., and A. Beig. 2004. Effect of different contents of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphure fertilizers on rapeseed yield in dryland conditions. The 8th Iranian Crop production and Breeding Congress Aug 25-27. The University of Gilan. Rasht. Iran ( In Persian).