اثر تراكم کاشت و محلول پاشی اوره بر عملكرد و پروتئین دانه گندم دوروم
محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي
اكبر قاسمي پور
1
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت ، واحد خوي، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، خوي – ايران)
علی نصرالله زاده اصل
2
(گروه کشاورزی-دانشکده کشاورزی-دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی خوی)
کلید واژه: پروتئين, شاخص برداشت, گندم, عملکرد,
چکیده مقاله :
این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثرات تراكم كاشت و محلول¬پاشی اوره روي عملكرد و درصد پروتئین گندم دوروم رقم آريا، در سال زراعي90-1389 در مزرعه ای واقع در 20 کیلو متری شمال شرقی شهرستان خوی به¬صورت فاكتوريل بر پايه طرح بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي با دو عامل و سه تكرار اجرا شد. تراكم كاشت به عنوان عامل اول در 3 سطح (300، 400 و 500 بوته در متر مربع) و محلول پاشی نيتروژن به عنوان عامل دوم در 4 سطح (شاهد، مرحله پنجه زنی، مرحله ساقه روی و مرحله گلدهی) در نظر گرفته شدند. نتايج نشان دادند كه اثر تراكم كاشت بر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد سنبله در متر مربع، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، طول سنبله، تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله، درصد پروتئین دانه، شاخص برداشت و عملکرد دانه معنی دار بود. بيشترين عملكرد دانه به میزان 9/6 تن در هکتار از تراكم 500 بوته در متر مربع و کمترین عملكرد دانه نیز به میزان 19/5 تن در هکتار از تراكم 300 بوته در متر مربع بدست آمد. اثر محلول پاشی اوره نیز روی صفات مذکور به غیر از وزن هزار دانه معنی دار بود. بيشترين عملكرد دانه به میزان 74/6 تن در هکتار با محلول پاشی اوره در مرحله پنجه زنی مشاهده شد که نسبت به شاهد عملکرد دانه حدود 10 درصد افزایش یافت. در این آزمایش بیشترین درصد پروتئین دانه از تراکم 300 بوته در متر مربع و محلول¬پاشی اوره در مرحله گلدهی حاصل شد.
In order to evaluate the plant density and foliar application of urea fertilizer impact on yield and yield components of Durum wheat var. Arya, an experiment was carried out in 20km north east of Khoy during 2010 = 11. The fist factor plant density was in three levels (300, 400, 500 grain in m2 ) , the second factor, foliar application of urea fertilizer in four levels ( control, stage of tillering, stage of stem extension and stage of flowering ) were considered. The result of variation analysis showed that the effect of plant density on number of spike in m2,number of grain in spike, weight of 1000 grains, number of spiklet in spike, protein percentage, grain yield and harvest index were significant. The highest grain yield (6.9 ton/ha ) obtained from density of 300 grain in m2. And the minimum grain yield ( 5.19 ton/ha ) was attained from density of 300 grain in m2.The effect of foliar application of urea fertilizer on traits except to weight of 1000 grains was important. The highest grain yield (6.74 ton/ha ) was obtained from foliar applications of nitrogen fertilizer in the stage of tillering and grain yield increased about 10% compared with control. In addition to this experiment the maximum grain protein percentage was attained from plant density of 500 grain in m2 and foliar application of urea fertilizer in the stage of flowering.
Abad, A., J. Lioveras, and A. Michelena. 2004. Nitrogen fertilization and foliar urea effects on durum wheat yield and quality and on residual soil nitrate in irrigated Mediterranean conditions. Field Crops Research. 87: 257-269.
Anagi, A., M. Keshiri, A. Zeinali, and M. Ezzat-ahmadi. 2006. Effect of the amount and timing of nitrogen application on yield of wheat verity zagros. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 3: 35-46. (In Persian).
Arduini, I., A. Masoni, L. Ercoli, and M, Mariotti. 2006. Grian yield, and dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and remobilization in durum wheat as affected by variety and seeding rate. European Journal of Agronomy. 25: 309-318.
-Bahari, M. 2000. Effect of seed rate and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and protein content in durum wheat. Papers summary in Iranian Congress on Crop Production and Plant Breeding, Mazandaran University, Babolsar. Page 500. (In Persian).
-Bakhshandeh, A. and A. Rahnema. 2006. Effect of seed rate and sowing date on number of tillers, yield and yield components of six wheat cultivars, Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 3: 154-147. (In Persian).
Bohrani, A. and Z. Tahmasbi. 2005. Effect of nitrogen on quantitative and qualitative characteristics, dry matter and nitrogen remobilization efficiency in two varieties of winter wheat. Journal of Iranian Agriculture Science. 5: 1271-1263. (In Persian).
Bongiovanni, R. G., C.W. Robledo, and D.M. Lambert. 2007. Economics of site-specific nitrogen management for protein content in wheat. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 58: 13-24.
Carr, P. M., Horsley, R.D. and Poland, W. W. 2003. Tillage and seeding rate effects on wheat cultivars. I. Grain production. Grain production. Crop Sci. 43: 202-209.
Dubetz, S.1997. Effects of high rates of nitrogen on Neepawa wheat grown under irrigation. I. yield and protein content. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 57: 331-336.
Donaldson, E., W. E. Schillinger, and S. M. Dofing. 2001. Straw production and grain yield relationships in winter wheat. Crop Science. 41: 100-106.
Geleta, B., M. Atak, P.S. Banziger, L.A. Nelson, D.D. Baltensperger, K.M. Eskridge, M.J. Shipman, and D.R. Shelton. 2002. Seeding rate and genotype effect on agronomic performance and and-use quality of winter wheat. Crop Science. 42: 827-832.
Gooding, M. J., Ellis, R. H., Shewry, P. R. and J. D. Schofield. 2003. Effects of restricted water availability and increased temperature on the grain filling, drying and quality of winter wheat. Journal of Cereal Science. 37: 295-309.
Govil, S. R. and H. N. Pandey, 1995. Expression of physiological characters associated with growth in wheat under competiton. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. New Delhi. 22: 26-29.
Grant, C.A., K.R.Brown, G.J. Racz, and L.D. Bailey. 2001. Influence of source, timing and placement of nitrogen on grain yield and nitrogen removal of durum Wheat under reduced and conventional tillage management. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 81: 17-27.
Griffiths, M.W., P.S. Kettlewell, and T.J. Hocking . 1995. Effect of foliar – applied sulphur and nitrogen on grain growth, grain sulphur and nitrogen concentrations and yield of winter wheat. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge. 125: 331-339.
-Hassanzadeh Ghort Tapeh, A., G. Fathollah Zadeh, A. Nasrollahzadeh Asl, and N. Akhondi. 2009. Evaluation of Yield, yield components and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen in wheat cultivars in West Azerbaijan province. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 1: 83-100. (In Persian).
Hiltbrunner, J., M. Liedgens, P. Stamp, B. Streit. 2005. Effects of row spacing and Liquid manure on directly drilled winter wheat in organic farming. European Journal of Agronomy. 22: 441-447.
Hiltbrunner, J., Liedgens, M., Bloch, L., Stamp, P. and Streit, B. 2007. Legume cover crops as living mulches for winter wheat: components of biomass and the control of weeds. European Journal of Agronomy. 26: 21-29.
Jafari, B., R. Mamaghani, A. Kashani, and A. Siadat. 2002. Effect of plant density on yield and some quality characteristics of five durum wheat genotypes under conditions of Ahwaz. Journal of Iranian Crop Sciences. 1: 79-67. (In Persian).
Kazemi-arbat, H. 2009. Agronomy of cereal crops, published by the University of Tabriz. Page 238. (In Persian).
Kazemi, M. and M. Ezzat-ahmadi. 2000. Effect of different times of foliar application of urea on yield and yield components and protein content in wheat. The final report of Agricultural and Natural Resources Sciences and Natural Resources Research center of Gorgan. 21-34. (In Persian).
Lotfollahi, M. and J. Malakoti. 2000. Reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer application increased grain protein. published by the Ministry of Agriculture. Page 31-39. (In Persian).
Malakoti, M. J., and M. Tehrani. 2001. Role of micronutrients in increasing of yield and improving the quality of agricultural products. Tarbiat Modarres University Press. Page 299. (In Persian).
Marchylo, B.A., J.E. Dexter, F.R. Clarke, J.M. Clarke, and K.R. Oreston. 2001. Relationships among bread-making quality, gluten strength, physical dough properties, and pasta cooking quality for same Canadian durum wheat genotypes. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. Vol. 81: No. 4: 611-620.
Mosseddeq, F. and D.M. Smith. 1994. Timing of nitrogen application to enhance spring wheat yield in Mediterranean climate. Agronomy. Journal. 86: 221-226.
Mostafavi, M., V. Mahmoodi, and Z. Sostanif. 2006. Effects of different types of nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter remobilization, yield and agronomic traits in high-yielding wheat varieties. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 6: 1-8. (In Persian).
Noor-mohammadi, G., A. Siadat, and A. Kashani. 2005. Cereal crops. Shahid Chamran University Press. Page 446. (In Persian).
Ozturk, A., O. Caglar, and S. Bulut. 2006. Growth and yiaeld respose of facultative wheat to winter sowing, freezing sowing and spring sowing at different seeding rates. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 192: 10-16.
Peltonen, J. 1993. Interaction of late season foliar spray of urea and fungicide mixture in wheat production. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 170: 296-308.
Sarandon, S.J. and M.C. Gianibelli. 1990. Effect of foliar urea spraying and nitrogen application at sowing upon dry matter and nitrogen distribution in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agronomy Journal. 10: 183-189.
Scarf, P.C. and M. Alley. 1993. Spring nitrogen on winter wheat II-. Flexible multi component rate recommendation system. Agronomy Journal. 85: 1180-1192.
Shahsavarie, N. and M. Farahanie. 2005. The effect of nitrogen rate on yield and yield components in three wheat cultivars in Kerman. Journal of Research and development in agriculture and horticulture. 3: 82-89. (In Persian).
Zahed, M., S. galeshi, N. Latifi, A. Soltani, and M. Kalateh. 2011. Effect of density on yield and yield components in new and old varieties of wheat. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 1: 201-215. (In Persian).
Zarinabadi, A. and P. Ehsanzadeh. 2003. Growth, yield and yield components of durum wheat genotypes under different planting densities in Isfahan. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 4: 129-140. (In Persian).