تنوع ژنتیکی اکوتیپ های مختلف گونه¬های گل گاوزبان ایرانی و اروپایی بر اساس ترکیبات اسانس و میزان روغن دانه

محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي

سيما اوجاني ¹ (كارشناسي ارشد گروه كشاورزي – گياهان دارويي واحد ابهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، ابهر – ايران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/08/12 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/01/21 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/03/10

کلید واژه: اسانس, اکوتیپ, کروماتوگرافی, گل گاوزبان, لینولئیک اسید , میزان روغن بذر,

چکیده مقاله :

این تحقیق به منظور تعیین تنوع ژنتیکی، اسانس، ویژگی های فیزیکی و شیمیایی، درصد کل روغن و میزان اسید چرب موجود در بذر دو گونه گل گاوزبان، ایرانی (Echium amoenum L.) از سه اکوتیپ قزوین، ساری، گیلان و گونه اروپایی (Borago officinalis L.) از دو اکوتیپ کرج و اردبیل، در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان آذربایجان غربی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین ها حاکی از وجود تنوع ژنتیکی بالا بین ژنوتیپ¬ها از نظر صفات اندازه گیری شده بود. اسانس روغنی با روش تقطیر با آب از اندام¬های گل¬دهنده هر کدام از اکوتیپ ها به طور مجزا استخراج شد. تجزیه مواد فرار حاصل از اندام¬های خشک هوایی اکوتیپ¬های مختلف گل گاوزبان با پنتان 05/0% گاز کروماتوگرافی جرمی نشان داد که اکوتیپ¬های E. amoenum نسبت به B. officinalis از Caryophyllene-α (3/6٪) و Calacorene-α (5/6٪) در اکوتیپ گیلان از مقدار بیشتری برخوردار بودند. بیشترین میزان n-Decane و Dodecane با مقادیر 3/7% و 7/7% متعلق به گونه B. officinalis در اکوتیپ کرج و Amorphene-α با 6/6% در گونه B. officinalis و اکوتیپ اردبیل مشاهده شدند. همچنین روغن دانه توسط سوکسله استخراج و ترکیب¬های آن با دستگاه گاز کروماتوگرافی شناسایی گردید. در ترکیب روغن¬ها، 14 نوع اسید چرب شناسایی شد. اسید چرب استئاریدونیک با میزان 01/0% و اسید چرب لینولئیک با مقدار 32٪، به ترتیب دارای کمترین و بیشترین مقدار در هر دو اکوتیپ بودند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To determine genetic diversity, oil essence, physical and chemical properties, total grain oil content and fatty acid composition, an experiment was carried out in agricultural research center of W. Azarbaijan province. Plant materials included three ecotypes of Iranian borage flower ( E. amoneum ) from Gazvin, Sari and Gilan and European borage flower ( B. officinalis ) collected from Karaj and Ardabil. The results of analyses of variance and mean comparison showed that there was high genetic diversity among ecotypes for all of traits. The oil essence was extracted by water-distillation from flower organs of each ecotype. Analysis of oil essence with pentane 0.05% mass-gas chromatography showed that E. amoneum had the highest caryophyllene- α and calacorene-α ( 6.3% and 6.5% in Gilan ecotype,) respectively than B. officinalis. The highest levels of n-Decane and Dodecane were found in 7.3% and 7.7% of B. officinalis from Karaj ecotype and Amorphene-α with 6.6% from Ardabil ecotype. Grain oil was extracted by Soxhlet and its compounds were identified by gas chromatography. Fourteen fatty acid was detected in composition. The steeridonic fatty acid (o.o1% ) and linoleic fatty acid ( 32% ) had the lowest and the highest values in both ecotypes of Karaj and Ardabil, respectively. Keywords:

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