تأثیر آزوسپیریلوم و هورمون سایتوکنین بر خصوصیات فيزيولوژيك ذرت رقم 370

محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي

ساسان بشيري ¹ (1- دانش آموخته كارشناسي ارشد زراعت، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، مهاباد – ايران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1393/09/03 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/07/15 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/03/23

کلید واژه: : آزوسپريليوم, ذرت, سايتوكنين, عملكرد دانه,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی تأثیر باکتری آزوسپیریلوم و هورمون سایتوکنین بر خصوصیات فيزيولوژيك، ذرت رقم 370، آزمایشی در سال 1392 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی شهرستان میاندوآب واقع در روستای یقنیعلی تپه اجرا شد. فاکتور های آزمایشی شامل كاربرد باکتری آزوسپیریلوم به صورت بذر مال در سه سطح (شاهد، 8 و 25 گرم) و هورمون سايتوكنين در سه سطح (شاهد، 100 میلی گرم بر لیتر و 200 میلی گرم بر لیتر) بود كه به صورت فاكتوريل در قالب طرح بلوك هاي كامل تصادفي در سه تكرار اجرا شد. تجزيه واريانس دادها نشان داد بين سطوح كود زيستي از نظر اثر بر صفات وزن خشك برگ، وزن بلال، وزن چوب بلال، تعداد دانه در رديف، عملكرد بيولوژيك، اختلاف معني داري وجود داشت. همچنين به غير از صفت وزن بلال و عملكرد دانه اثر هورمون سايتوكنين بر كليه صفات مورد بررسي از لحاظ آماري معني دار بود. در بين تيمارهاي تركيبي آزوسپريليوم و سطوح سايتوكنين از لحاظ اثر بر صفات شاخص كلروفيل، وزن خشك برگ، وزن بلال، وزن چوب بلال، تعداد دانه در رديف، وزن هزار دانه، عملكرد بيولوژيك، معني داري مشاهده شد. مقايسه ميانگين سطوح آزوسپريليوم نشان داد سطح تلقيح 25 گرم در مقايسه با ديگر سطوح بالاترين شاخص كلروفيل، وزن بلال، وزن چوب بلال، تعداد دانه، عملكرد بيولوژيك، را به خود اختصاص داند. در بين سطوح سايتوكنين سطح 100 ميلي گرم در ليتر در از لحاظ صفات مقدار وزن خشك برگ، قطر بلال، وزن چوب بلال، كلرفيل بالاترين مقدار صفات مذكور را به خود اختصاص داد. در بين تيمار هاي تركيبي، سطح تلقيح 25 گرم آزوسپريليوم همراه با 100ميلي گرم در ليتر سايتوكنين در مقايسه با ديگر تيمارهاي تركيبي از نظر صفات شاخص كلروفيل، وزن خشك برگ، وزن بلال، تعداد دانه در رديف، عملكرد دانه (با متوسط 18/23 تن در هکتار) لحاظ آماري برتري معني داري نشان داد.بنابراين استفاده از تركيب مذكور مي تواند ميزان مصرف كودهاي شيميايي را كاهش داده و از فشارهاي اقتصادي بر كشاورزان و همچنين ميزان آلودگي محيط زيست را بكاهد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In order to study the effects of Azosprilium and Cytokinins Hormone on the physiological traits of corn ( Zea Mays L. ), an experiment was conducted in Agriculture Research Farm of Miandoab during the farming season of 2014. Experimental factors were Azospirilium in three levels ( control, 8 and 25g ) and cytokinins hormone in three levels ( control, 100 milligrams per liter, 200 mg/liter ). Factorial design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Results showed that the use of Azosprilium had significant effect on leaf weight, cob weight, seed number per row, biological yield, grain yield, grain phosphor and oil. Except for cob weight, cytokinin had significant impact on all understudied traits. Interaction of azosprilium and cytokinin had also considerable effect on leaf weight, cob weight grain number per row, 1000-kernel weight, biological and grain yield and chlorophyll content. The comparison of azosprilium level mean showed that level of 25 grams produced highest amount of cob weight, grain number per row, biological yield, grain yield, and chlorophyll content. Cytokinins treatment level of 100 mg/liter brought about the highest amount of leaf weight, cob diameters, grain yield, and chlorophyll content. Furthermore, interaction between azosprilium and cytokinins treatment 25 grams azosprilium combined with 100 mg/liter showed the highest leaf weight, cob weight, grain number per row , grain yield, and chlorophyll content. Therefore, the use of these compounds can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer and economic pressure on farmers and also can diminish the environmental pollution.

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